Decontamination - ndi chiyani ichi? Kodi ndi njira ndi njira anachita Mercury decontamination kapena cheza?

zinthu nyukiliya ndi kuwonongeka mankhwala ena zinthu mankhwala. Iwo samangokhala nacho zingawononge thupi, koma anasiya chilemba chake mu mlengalenga kwa zaka zambiri. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi oipa nyukiliya a atomiki magetsi ku Chernobyl. Ngakhale remoteness mlanduwo, pafupi ndi mzinda akudwalabe zachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha mmene particles nyukiliya ana amabadwa ndi malformations kobadwa nako, anthu ambiri ali ndi kachilombo ndi matenda poizoniyu. Pofuna kupewa mavuto aakulu, m'pofunika kuchita decontamination. Izo zikhoza kuchitidwa pa TV onse (mpweya, madzi) pa pamwamba pa chinthu, pa thupi ndi zina zotero. D.

Decontamination - ndi chiyani ichi?

Kuyambira mawu Latin likumasuliridwa kuti "chosalanga". Koma zambiri amakhalabe bwinobwino, decontamination - ichi ndi chiyani. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri Komabe, mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi zinthu nyukiliya. Ndiye kodi mawu awa amatanthauza? Decontamination - ndondomeko kusesa chinthu chilichonse nyukiliya ndi chilichonse. particles zovulaza akhoza kuthetsa mu malo aliwonse. Kawirikawiri kufika pamwamba madzi, mitengo, nyumba, pa khungu, etc. Waukulu cheza kuchulukana malo - .. Air, imene mamolekyulu ndi kunditumiza ku mpumulo. Kuchokera pa ichi, deactivation - ndi disinfection chilengedwe. Kuwonjezera mankhwala nyukiliya, kuti njira za kuipitsa mlengalenga akhoza zimachitika zinthu mankhwala zoipa, mwachitsanzo Mercury.

Njira decontamination

Khalidwe decontamination ndondomeko kungakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

The njira choyamba makina kuchotsa zinthu zoipa. N'kosavuta ndipo angakwanitse kwambiri. Mawotchi decontamination ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi njira improvised, nthawi zambiri kunyumba. Ndiyamika njira imeneyi, mukhoza kuchotsa particles nyukiliya kuchokera pamalo a zinthu za m'nyumba, makoma, mawindo, apansi, kuyenda ndi zina zotero. D. Ngakhale kuti njira imeneyi ntchito zambiri ntchito kuti si nthawi zonse amakhala abwino. Agwire makina ndalama decontamination mosamala kwambiri, pamene ntchito nthawi pang'ono ngati n'kotheka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu kulowa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi zinthu woopsawo, ndi owopsa osati kukhudzana ndi khungu, koma ngakhale mu mlengalenga, zimene zinadzaza.

Yachiwiri njira ndi physico-mankhwala deactivation. Ndi chimodzimodzi monga mmene zinalili poyamba, koma ali mosiyana pang'ono. Pamene tikugwira ntchito njira yapadera kuti athe msanga ndi bwino kuchotsa particles zoipa.

Kodi zofunika decontamination?

Kuchita decontamination wa chilengedwe, muyenera kufufuza wapadera. deactivation njira amasankhidwa malingana mtundu wake. Mu njira makina ochotsera particles zoipa ntchito zinthu zofunika kukonza m'nyumba. Kuyeretsa pamwamba pa mipando, simenti ndi makoma akhoza kukhala ndi zingalowe m'malo zotsukira, nsanza, tsache, maburashi zosiyanasiyana ndi thonje. Kuchotsa kukonza zovala ntchito madzi. Pamene tikugwira thupi-mankhwala decontamination ntchito ufa, tebulo mchere, oxalic kapena asidi sulfuric, soda, hydrogen peroxide ndi njira zina masaka. Kumbukirani kuti, mosasamala chimene mtundu wa mankhwala zoipa mu chilengedwe, ziyenera decontaminated zobvala zapadera. M'manja kukhala olimba magolovesi, nkhope - chigoba kapena makina. Popeza kufunika kuvala ndi gauze bandeji wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo. Zovala muyenera kuponya pamwamba pa suti wapadera kapena chobvala. Zothandiza ngati nsapato za jombo.

ndi decontamination zinthu nyukiliya chiyani?

Ambiri particles zoipa amaonedwa kukhala kuwonongeka mankhwala a zinthu mankhwala a. Iwo ndi zotsatira deleterious pa thupi chifukwanso chakuti iwo angathe nyukiliya kunyezimira. zinthu izi zikhoza kukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri mu mlengalenga, motero zochita zawo zopweteka. anakhalabe. Panthawi yake ndi khalidwe decontamination cheza n'kofunika pofuna kupewa matenda poizoniyu. Kumbukirani kuti kuonetsetsa mokwanira kuyeretsa mu nthawi yochepa sadzakhala zotheka, kotero chinthu choyamba anafunika kuchoka anthu angozi. Walitsa mbali ya chilengedwe imatumizidwa gulu zinkakhala m'dera apadera, amene ali kuchita deactivation. Chotsani zinthu zimene zinali particles nyukiliya angathe kukhala mwa njira iliyonse, koma ife kulengeza ntchito onse mawotchi ndi thupi decontamination kusintha khalidwe. Kuwachotsa mpweya, amafuna mpweya kudzera mawindo, zitseko, pamaso pa awatulutsira, khazikitsa Zosefera wapadera.

disinfection wa madzi

Contact ndi wothandizila zoipa padziko madzi kungakhale kwenikweni kapena achiwiri. Ngati madzi zakhudzana ndi poyamba, kufalikira kwa zinthu nyukiliya omangidwa, choncho m'pofunika kudziwa milingo yawo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Re-polowera chikuchitika wothandizila zoipa mpweya, mu nkhani iyi wothandizila zoipa padziko lonse. Decontamination wa madzi kudzera mwa sedimentation, distillation, kusefera ndi flocculation. Yoyamba njira zosavuta, koma zimathandiza kuchotsa zinthu insoluble. Pamene coagulating dongo, phosphates kapena koloko phulusa wotsatira sedimentation ndi waphindu. Chochititsa chidwi kuyeretsedwa chingapezeke imathandiza madzi ndi mchenga, miyala kapena nthaka. The njira kwambiri Mkhalidwe ndi distillation, yomwe ikuchitika kudzera ndi utomoni ion kuwombola. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti madzi oyera kwathunthu ku particles zoipa.

Mercury decontamination

katundu zovulaza ali mankhwala ambiri. Mercury ndi chimodzi mwa nthumwi ambiri matenda, monga alipo pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse. Izo ntchito popanga zipangizo zogwiritsa, monga thermometer kapena khafu magazi (tsopano osowa). Ngati item munali mankhwala enaake anathyola, muyenera yomweyo kusonkhanitsa ndi kuchotsa particles zoipa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zikulilima kapena kusamba ndi nsalu ndikoletsedwa chifukwa wosweka ku mipira ang'onoang'ono. Decontamination wa Mercury chofunika kusonkhanitsa ndi burashi pa pepala woyera, kenako zimayikidwa mu chidebe womata. Pamwamba pa chomwe chinali chinthu ayenera kutsukidwa ndi yankho la permanganate potassium ndi hydrochloric acid. Kenako, chipinda mpweya wokwanira. Ndi bwino kuitana akatswiri mu decontamination.

Kodi kuchotsa zinthu zoipa zonse pa khungu?

Ndi lingaliro la khungu zimene decontamination ndi momwe chumacho, aliyense ayenera. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi poizoni m'madera poyera (manja, nkhope) disinfection muyenera maola osachepera 6. Chifukwa chaichi, madzi pansi kuthamanga, sopo, siponji yaikulu kapena burashi. Inu simungakhoze mowa kapena solvents, monga iwo okha kukulitsa nkhaniyo. Tsitsi ndi m'kamwa mucosa ayenera muzimutsuka njira ya citric acid. Diso wosambitsa ku ngodya mumtima akunja lapansi.

Zoopsa mwadzidzidzi deactivation?

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi zinthu woopsawo pa zinthu zonse zachilengedwe iwo mwachangu decontaminated. Popeza kapena kuchedwa kwa deactivation kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa chamoyo. particles nyukiliya chifukwa boma monga matenda poizoni mankhwala omwe n'zosatheka mpaka tsopano. Komanso, zinthu zoipa zingakhudze thanzi la mbeu. Evaporation wa Mercury ndi poizoni kwa thupi, tidzapeza kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe. Pazifukwa izi, decontamination yake n'kofunika kwambiri.