Cultural katundu mabakiteriya: chizindikiritso, maonekedwe, makhalidwe ndi ntchito

Microbiology - yaikulu sayansi yamakono kuti amaphunzira amuzolengedwa ndi thupi katundu, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi systematics mabakiteriya. dziko wolemera prokaryotes nambala yaikulu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kufufuza magawo onse tizilombo awa akugwira ntchito ndi chikhalidwe chawo pa TV wapadera michere pansi wosabala. katundu Cultural mabakiteriya - ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri kudziwa ndi kuphunzira prokaryotes.

ndi njuchi zimene mabakiteriya?

Si chinsinsi kuti prokaryotes - ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Iwo mosavuta ndipo mwamsanga chulukanani, anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero chawo, amanenera, aliyense mphindi 20-30. N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti ndi kupitirira zojambula kukula chikhalidwe.

Colony - mbewu ya selo imodzi, chooneka kudzikundikira ndalama yaikulu tizilombo mu sing'anga zatu. Pa kukula wa njuchi, mtundu wake ndi makhalidwe ena morphological mu chikhalidwe zasayansi chimatanthauza katundu mabakiteriya.

Kuphunzira magawo a masango munthu maselo prokaryotic, wapadera michere sing'anga. Iye tizilombo akhoza kuchulukitsa mofulumira, T. Kwa. Iwo wapangidwa ndi zinthu zofunika kwa kagayidwe mabakiteriya. Chifukwa, pambuyo pa masiku 4-5 (nthawi imene zingasiyane) mu mbale Petri uwoneka kuonekera amaonekera mfundo, ndi amene akugwira ntchito.

Chitsanzo ndi mabakiteriya kuwapeza malo aliwonse, Pre-kuchepetsedwa kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo pa wagawo buku. njirayi wochititsidwa ntchito omasuka m'tsogolo, mwachitsanzo. K. The kwambiri kufesa bakiteriya kukula sing'anga akhoza ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza apitirize madera (otchedwa "phula"). Ndiye mfundo munthu ndi wochenjera, ndi njira zambiri n'zosatheka kuchita.

Lingaliro la katundu mabakiteriya chikhalidwe

Kodi Kupenda chambiri tizilombo? Kodi magawo tiyenela kuiganizila phunziro?

Zochita za madera bakiteriya pa kukula sing'anga wapangidwa malinga ndi muyezo angapo. Zikuphatikizapo morphological, amuzolengedwa ndi thupi katundu wa tizilombo, ndi onse a magawo awa anatsimikiza magawo zasayansi. Mwachitsanzo, kuti tsankho zithunzi chambiri bakiteriya akhoza kukalembetsa yomweyo pambuyo kulima awo. zina afufuza ndi zipangizo zina zapadera (maso) kapena njira zina ntchito ndi metabolites analyzers zinthu, inki, michere ndi mankhwala ena prokaryotic kagayidwe kachakudya.

Ena katundu mabakiteriya chikhalidwe ali pansipa.

1. Kukula wa njuchi. Zimakhala ochepa, waung'ono, sing'anga ndi lalikulu. The awiri amayezedwa millimeters ndi lingayambire pakukhala 0,1 5 ndi zambiri. M'midzi osati choposa 1 mm m'mimba mwake, amatchedwa mfundo.

2. Mtundu ndi luso kumasula ochekenera pigment chilengedwe.

3.Poverhnost. Apa, amaonekera kaya ndi yosalala, zamwano, m'goli kapena apangidwe konse.

4. mbiri wa njuchi: Chigwa, otukukira kunja, tapered kapena basi pomwepo.

5. Kapangidwe ka njuchi. Zimakhala yosalala, struychatoy, coarse kapena chabwino.

6. Kuwala katundu: mandala, translucent, opaque, fulorosenti, Mat kapena lowala;

7. malamulo osasinthasintha. Njuchi akhoza kukhala madzi kapena viscous, doughy kapena filmy, wochuluka kapena Chimaona.

8.Kray njuchi: yosalala, lobed, rizoidny, wavy, scalloped, etc ...

Ngati mukuchita ndi magulu a maselo ntchito maso. Ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono Tingaone ndi m'mphepete mwa njuchi, ndi mbiri zake ndi pamwamba. Ena zizindikiro ankafufuza ndi thandizo la mankhwala. Kugwirizana angapezeke ndi wokhudza kuzungulira chosawilitsidwa kapena pipette kuti pamudzipo. Choncho anatsimikiza katundu chikhalidwe amuzolengedwa mabakiteriya.

kuswana pansi

Ntchito tizilombo kuchulukitsa mwakhama zasayansi TV chikhalidwe. Akhale masamba kapena chiyambi nyama, ndi kugwirizana - olimba kapena madzi. magawo zofunika kupanga zosakaniza amenewa ndi acidity zonse osmotic kuthamanga ndipo, ndithudi, pamaso pa michere, mavitamini, micro- ndi macrocells. Musaiwale za magwero a mpweya, asafe ndi wa hydrogen.

Sing'anga michere chofunika mandala kapena translucent, kuti athe mukazindikira katundu mabakiteriya chikhalidwe. Hagara ambiri amangoti ntchito monga chinthu choyambira cha ulimi wa atolankhani zimenezi. Zimakhala mu madzi (osungunula) boma, koma makamaka kale yomweyo anazitsanulira mwa mbale petri ndi ikamauma.

Madzi TV michere amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu zasayansi, koma chifukwa boma la loitanirana ya Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa tizilombo, chikhalidwe katundu mabakiteriya anaphunzira pang'ono osiyana. Pali magawo zofunika monga mlingo wa turbidity, pamwamba, kapena pafupi pansi kukula khoma pamwamba. The granular precipitate, homogeneous kapena mu mawonekedwe a flakes, ndi zina kuti akhoza kokha mu sing'anga madzi.

Zida ntchito

Ndi mpheto ya maselo bakiteriya kugwiritsa ntchito zida zasayansi chosawilitsidwa. Fesani ndi katundu kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha tizilombo amafuna kuzungulira bakiteriya kapena Pasteur pipette. Zida onse kuti chosawilitsidwa mu lawi la nyali ndi mowa, ndi pipette nsonga kale lamamatira.

zipangizozi yosavuta kuthandiza pamene ntchito ndi mbewu zasayansi monga sing'anga olimba ndi madzi.

3 madera gawo kulekana olekanitsidwa

Nkhani kuyambira zambiri lili chisakanizo cha mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana. Unikani gulu Napempha kwa madera akutali maselo - ndi okhwima ndi wovuta ndondomeko chidwi. Iye anawagawa magawo atatu:

1. Paokha mtanda chikhalidwe cha mabakiteriya, Pakati pali tiyenera kuphunzira.

2. Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa ukonde madera akutali mothandizidwa ndi njira yapadera kusankha.

3. Growth ndi kubalana maselo mabakiteriya, onyamula nawo.

Kumene, kuti "kupanga" mabakiteriya anafunika adafunafuna maganizo awo apamwamba mu chilengedwe, ndipo mu nkhani ya prokaryotes tizilombo kapena mwayi onse akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamoyo kufufuza. Akamanena za izi kuti thupi osankhidwa, amene amakhudzidwa bakiteriya lapansi. Kuti amayambitsa nyama komanso ndi chifukwa mu chitsanzo magazi, mungapeze kwambiri ntchito zofunika maselo prokaryotic.

Kudzipatula olekanitsidwa madera

katundu Cultural mabakiteriya akhoza kuyezedwa yekha mu madera akutali ndi wangwiro. Kupeza aliyense wa ambirimbiri mtundu wachilendo mabakiteriya pa mbale petri ntchito njira Koch. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti zamoyo atatu osiyana ndi ufulu chikho ndi sing'anga michere anaika mabakiteriya zogwirizana. Ndipo izo zimapangitsa kuzungulira kapena pipette yotsalira, r Mukhoza. E. No zina anafukula maselo bakiteriya pambuyo chikhalidwe sing'anga ndi zikho yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Choncho, lachitatu chiwerengero cha tizilombo adzakhala ndichepe ndi kudzakhala kovuta kudziŵa njuchi phunzirolo.

katundu Cultural - ndizosowa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso

Phunziro maselo bakiteriya nthawi zonse chimayamba ndi Khadili njuchi awo. Malinga ndi mndandanda enieni magawo limafotokoza gulu la tizilombo pa mbale petri, kenako Pakani chili ndi powakonzekeretsa mankhwala. Alandire ndi maso ndi kale kufotokoza maselo munthu wa njuchi. zochita onse ofunika chizindikiritso cha mabakiteriya: tizilombo kapena ayi, gulu taxonomic ali, ndi zina zotero ..

Kumene mungapeze mabakiteriya?

Kulikonse. Iwo amakhala mu mlengalenga, ndi matanthwe a pansi padziko, ndi madzi, ndi zinthu zoopsa, monga geysers, mapiri, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kozizira oundana. Mabiliyoni mabakiteriya opezeka mu thupi lathu, ndi mwa iwo pali mitundu onse opindulitsa ndi tizilombo.

Kuipitsa mbiri ndi pamwamba aliyense, ngati mulibe kale chosawilitsidwa, kuti mbale petri adzakupatsani angapo losiyanasiyana ankawalamulira. Mabakiteriya kumera foni kapena ayi, zimadalira zikuchokera gawo lapansi michere, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula tizilombo zofunika. Choncho, zam'tsogolo chilengedwe masankho yomwe yekha ena mitundu ya mabakiteriya angathe moyo.

Kuti dongosolo mwakhama ntchito kapena chizindikiritso cha katundu mabakiteriya chikhalidwe. Microbiology mavuto ofanana monga seeding ndi kukula kwa ankawalamulira, zitsanzo zosankhidwazi awo, zida yolera yotseketsa ndi ntchito mosamala pa lawi la nyali mzimu.

Pomaliza

Mu Laboratories ambiri kwachilengedwenso anachita kafukufuku wa maselo mabakiteriya ochokera m'madera. Izi malo matenda ndi mayanjano sayansi. katundu Cultural mabakiteriya - ndi njira imodzi kudziwa tizilombo kuti kuthandiza pamene akugwira "cocktails" zamitundu yosiyanasiyana prokaryotes. Komanso, kudziŵa mwadongosolo gulu zikuphatikizapo imodzi kapena foni wina, kulola kamodzinso tsimikizira zochita za kuphunzira kugwiritsidwa ntchito.