Chopangira mphamvu zodabwitsa nthunzi

Kodi "mtima", amapereka moyo kwa kwambiri munthu Makina eni kuyaka injini (Ice). Komabe, sizinali nthawi zonse.

Kuyambira kale kuti azipereka

Pamaso pa nthawi ya mkati injini kuyaka kwa nthawi yaitali, mwala wapangodya patsogolo zamakono anali chopangira mphamvu nthunzi. Nkhani kawirikawiri pamene Kutulukira ndicho kukhala bwino kwambiri moti kupitiriza ntchito lero, ngakhale angapo patsogolo. Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito angapo kuti sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi turbines nthunzi ndipo magalimoto tingachipeze powerenga (a sitima yomweyo). Ali ndi ntchito mfundo zosiyana, ndipo dzuwa ndi wosayerekezeka.

Nthunzi chopangira mphamvu. Kutulukira

Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi yoyamba chopangira mphamvu ndi kukulitsa akuyendera zitsulo Swede P. Laval. Back mu 1889 panali kufunika injini ogwira kwa olekanitsa mkaka, luso polenga kasinthasintha liwiro kusintha osachepera 100 pa mphindi. Mfundo ntchito chopangira mphamvu ndi wosavuta: pa pamwamba lokhazikika kwa yamphamvu olamulira a tsamba anaikidwa amene anamenya ndege ya koopsa nthunzi kuchokera kunja kutsogolo kwa kukatentha kwambiri. The mphamvu angathe awiri lidzasinthidwa mphamvu kayendedwe, kuchititsa yamphamvu kuti atembenuza. Laval empirically anatsimikiza kuti bwino analandira ngati otaya nthunzi adzapulumuka mwa phirilo zooneka nozzle, osati machubu molunjika.

Komabe, yodziwika nthunzi chopangira mphamvu ku England C. A. Parsons. Iye anayamba ndi pafupifupi kufanana ndi Laval, koma osati bwino, komanso anaganiza olumikizidwa kwa jenereta ya magetsi (a zinachitika a dongosolo la makono a GD).

Mu 1894, analenga chombo, lotengeka ndi injini zochokera chopangira mphamvu nthunzi (liwiro pafupifupi 60 km / h). Ganizo bwino kwambiri moti pambuyo 1900 ambiri Zombo Zankhondo anali okonzeka ndi injini ofanana.

nthawi yathu

Kumene, kuyambira Kutulukira ndi woyamba chopangira mphamvu nthunzi chitsanzo wakhala kusinthidwa, ndi mamangidwe zovuta zidzachotsedwa. Chakale chopangira mphamvu nthunzi dongosolo zikuphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri: amodzi stator ndi nozzles ndi onsewo ozungulira Unit (yamphamvu) ndi masamba kuyikidwa mu nyumba yake. Malinga ndi malangizo a zoyenda nthunzi kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ozungulira yomanga - zozungulira ndi ofananira. The kale kumatikumbutsabe za njira pachiyambi: iwo banja kafalitsidwe vekitala perpendicular kwa olamulira yamphamvu, ndi vanes ndi kufanana kwa izo. Motsogozedwa ofananira wa aŵiriwo chikugwirizana ndi olamulira, ndi kasinthasintha ndi kwaiye chifukwa cha lathu wapadera wa masamba.

ntchito More imayenera mphamvu zavuta angapo kuti nthunzi turbines ndi zonenepa angapo (multihull). Komabe, chifukwa chikhalidwe wolemera ndi kuvuta kapangidwe njira amenewa ntchito kumene ntchito zawo ndi chuma wolungamitsidwa. Zonenepa housings akhoza pamalo olamulira wamba ndi kukhala umakaniko palokha. Dongosolo la zisindikizo ndi diaphragms kuletsa ntchito nthenda ya dongosolo lonse (kunja mpweya wambiri, ndi kutayikira nthunzi madigiri anyalanyaza ndi zina zotero.).

Chitukuko cha luso chopangira mphamvu nthunzi

Misinkhu otsika a kuthamanga nthunzi ndipo chopangira mphamvu otsika mphamvu chakale insufficiently ogwira. Iwo m'malo ndi makina nthunzi wononga. Izi chitukuko Russian ndi kusanduka achilengedwe a chitsanzo choyambirira. Mkati nyumba ya imakonzedwa rotors ndi lobes helical. The nthunzi ukubwera chimadzaza danga pakati pa mano a zomangira lotsatira, pali zolowa ndi oyima zina chakudya. Komanso, M'mimbamo gawo la nthunzi opangidwa ndi kukodzedwa ndi kukachita ntchito pa kasinthasintha wa ozungulira wononga. Izi zimathandiza kuti ntchito bwino nthunzi kusungidwa mphamvu.