Chonde - chonde ndi .. dziko. zinthu chonde

Mbali yaikulu ya dzikolo ngati zinthu nthaka zachilengedwe ndi chonde awo. Ndi khalidwe zimadalira umoyo wa anthu amoyo onse a dziko, zomera, ndipo, ndithudi, anthu.

Nthaka ndi mbali yaikulu ya chilengedwe amagwiritsa zinthu zake zonse (dzuwa mphamvu, zakudya), amapanga iwo mu zakudya otchedwa ndi katundu wa zomera, amene nawonso, kudya nyama ndi anthu. Kunachitika chivundikiro nthaka njira zamera-thupi ndi mankhwala si kwapafupi, ndipo zili zikuluzikulu m'nthaka (pakulowamo ndi kutulutsa) ndi zimadalira chonde ake.

Khalidwe chonde nthaka?

Kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo amanena kuti chonde m'dziko - luso nthaka kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukula ndi kubereka za zomera za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zabwino, zimene sizinalembedwa okha okha osakaniza moyenera chinyezi ndi kutentha.

zizindikiro chonde wakale nthaka

Chizindikiro cha chonde cha Asilavo wakale anali rhombus anagawa schematically m'magulu anayi, lililonse gawo la zimakwana umaimiridwa ndi mfundo. Rhombus anatanthauza minda wobzalidwa ndi mfundo - anathyola chikhalidwe chawo.

chizindikiro cha kubereka anakaika zida za ntchito zaulimi, mpanda wa nyumba ndi kubweretsa anthu okhala akale chikhulupiriro, chuma ndi chisomo. Kufotokoza daimondi mu zina anali tate wa nsoka wa zaulimi ku madera osiyana, ndiyeno m'munda.

Pa nthawi yomweyo chizindikiro amakono a chonde ndi kukwera kapena afesedwa munda wa tirigu.

gulu la chonde

Chonde - si mbali wachibadwa wa dziko lapansi, komanso chizindikiro cha khalidwe nthaka, amene ali muyeso zofunika kwambiri ulimi.

Ndi mfundo agronomic maganizo ndi mitundu zotsatirazi chonde:

• achilengedwe (achilengedwe);
• yokumba (zothandiza);
• zachuma.

mfundo izi ndi Tikutsatira agronomists ambiri masiku ano amene wopereka kusanthula boma la chonde ndi, malingana ndi chithunzi chifukwa ntchito kapena kuti luso kulima nthaka chimakwirira minda.

Khalidwe la feteleza

Natural chonde - ndi nthaka khalidwe index, amene alibe njira zosiyanasiyana za anthu, ntchito ndi chuma makina, komanso mankhwala ndi mchere zigawo zikuluzikulu. Masiku ano, chithunzi ichi ndi apamwamba okha m'madera amene si ntchito njira zamakono njira zamakono zochizira dziko. Chiwerengero cha anthu a lero ndi otsika.

chonde ogwira - makhalidwe kutenga dzikolo chifukwa cha kukhudzana mwachindunji kwa akulimbana ntchito anthu ndi ogwira ntchito, womwenso njira zonse agro-luso ntchito makina gwero reclamation ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito feteleza - organic ndi mchere, ndipo amatanthauzanso kuwononga tizirombo. chonde ogwira analengedwa kuti tikwaniritse mkulu zokolola, ndi kukhazikitsa awo amabwerera mkulu.

Economic chonde - ndi muyeso wa chuma kuwerengera m'dziko, ndiwo maziko a mphamvu yake angathe kubala zipatso ndi makhalidwe chuma madera ena.

Mu kuthekera mphamvu dziko kumvetsa kuphatikiza zachilengedwe ndipo anapeza katundu wawo chifukwa cha kulima dziko ndi munthu.

chonde Natural ndi otchuka kwambiri masiku ano chifukwa zikutha m'mayiko ziwembu ambiri dothi chifukwa njira kwambiri makina. nzika zambiri masiku ano kuyesera pang'onopang'ono kusuntha kwa kubwezeretsa chilengedwe cha khalidwe nthaka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso agro-luso ndi agrochemical.

Zochita za chonde wachibale nthaka

Mitundu pamwamba pa maadiresi wobereketsa akhoza kusanduka koma tanthauzo lina - kubereka wachibale, kutanthauza luso la nthaka ya dziko kudyetsa mitundu ina ya zomera ndi kukana ena. Ndipo palibe kasinthasintha mbewu kumathandiza dothi ngati chotsatira abwino alionse.

Onse njira yachibadwa ya dothi nthaka ndi mitundu zomera kwambiri umafananirako ndi kudziwa katundu zabwino wina ndi mzake. Ndipotu, mbewu kukula, zipatso ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe chifukwa chonde dothi, ndipo nawonso, zimadalira mtundu wa zomera kukula pa chivundikiro nthaka.

Ngati inu kusintha maziko masamba dziko, anasintha chonde awo. Ngati inu amayang'anitsitsa m'madera onse a dziko, tikuona kuti madera m'chipululu ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi amene ali odzazidwa ndi zomera achilendo kwa iwo. Choncho, madambo ndizodzazidwa ndi madzi kukoma zomera, m'minda nkhalango yabwino acidic podzolic dothi kapena dothi saline. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti onse a mitundu nthaka ndi malire ake a chonde achilengedwe, koma osati wonse index ziyenera, ndipo ndi zonse kwa winawake mbewu.

Tinganene kuti mbali zosiyanasiyana za nthaka ndi wosiyana chonde m'dziko la kuchita ndi mphamvu poyerekezera ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera.

Popeza kumvetsetsa bwino kuti dothi zina timatha mbewu yabwino kukula zina, zosowa ulimi wa ntchito kwambiri kuti cholinga dziko. Kwenikweni ndi yachonde wakuda nthaka.

Zochitika za chonde

chonde aumbike mwa njira ya kapangidwe zachilengedwe ndipo watsimikiza mbali yekha, monga michere kapena manyowa, zimene komanso chimakwirira makhalidwe onse achilendo kwa iwo. Chonde zigawo munthu watsimikiza yekha ndi boma la zigawo chapamwamba nthaka, komanso zimatengera kuya kwa dongosolo, izi zimakhudza zomera ndi dongosolo kwambiri mizu.

Choncho, chonde amadalira pa mbiri ya gawo malo nyumba yake chapamwamba ndipo m'zigwa pa kukhalapo pansi, khalidwe la subsoil - dongo kapena miyala. Zinthu zizindikiro chonde monga thanzi, kwachilengedwenso ndi mankhwala katundu wa dothi ndi mphamvu zawo pachaka - kukula yogawa mbiri ya dziko, kapangidwe ka zigawo dothi, katundu madzi m'thupi ndi mbali zamoyo mphamvu kutentha mayamwidwe ndi chinyezi.

Gulu la zaulimi malingana ndi chizindikiro cha kubereka

Land ndiyo njira yaikulu ya ulimi mu ulimi, kumene chonde nthawizonse yaikulu tsiku. Iwo tsogolo chonde mbewu kasinthasintha. Kuyambira khalidwe la nthaka nthawi zonse amadalira anakonza chifukwa cha khama yokolola.

M'mayiko ulimi - m'ma / × malo omwe udzu ndi msipu, madipoziti, zomera osatha ndipo analima.

Hayfields - madera ntchito udzu kupanga pofuna chakudya mbalame udzu kulima yozizira. Malinga chonde awa ali m'magulu chigumula - wolemera kwambiri zomera zosangalala, zomwe zili, madambo aakulu kovuta, wodzazidwa ndi zitsamba, kapena m'zigawo nkhalango, chosaneneka miyala clumps chongopeka bwino ukonde.

Busa - ndi malo dziko, amene anafuna msipu ng'ombe m'chaka, chilimwe, yophukira kukula nyengo. The zomera pa msipu ndi leaner kuposa haymaking, chifukwa chikoka cha zinthu zambiri kupondereza ndi ng'ombe mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Nawonso, anawagawa zomwe zili ndi achinyontho, nakulitsa bwino.

Kwa zaka zambiri m'minda ndi minda ya zipatso ndi minda mabulosi, mpesa. Madipoziti - ndi makuponi zoposa chaka seeding cropland.

Ndipo chofunika kwambiri mitundu minda ndi analima munda, umene ntchito kufesa mbewu monga chimanga, chimanga mpendadzuwa, rapeseed, buckwheat ndi kubzala masamba mbewu. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chonde zachilengedwe olimapo zimagawidwa m'magulu yothiriridwa, chatsanulidwa, ndi okwanira achinyezi, linasokoneza ndi chosaneneka miyala.

Kufufuza chonde

Malinga ntchito ankafuna za minda anachita kufufuza katundu wawo angathe kusewera nambala inayake ena zikhalidwe mbewu.

zaulimi molumikizana ndi bwino chilengedwe cha mbewu akhoza yodziwika ndi chizindikiro cha mpweya wambiri wa chonde ndi phindu lake otsika. Chonde anatsimikiza yokoka enieni zotsalira zazomera wambirimbiri m'nthaka chifukwa kukula integument pa malo kapena mbewu nokha kapena ena.

The chizindikiro chachikulu cha chonde mu ulimi ndi zokolola za dothi olimapo. Chiwembu cha boma cadastre, kugawa malo a chonde quality, limafotokoza ubwino chizindikiro angathe zokolola, amene sakhoza kukhala wolimba ngati dothi kumwedwa kapena sichidalira mosinthanasinthana makamaka mbewu popanda akuwononganso chonde nthaka, koma m'malo mwake, kumaonjezera angathe mwayi awo kuti ndidzawapatsa mkulu zokolola.

Pochvoutomlenie minda

Ochuluka kwambiri akatswiri dziko amakhulupirira kuti chonde m'dziko kumawonjezera chifukwa njira zamakono za sayansi ndi luso kulima ake. Komabe, nthawi yaitali zochita zawo, ndipo ikusonyeza zotsatira zosiyana, umene wafala kuchepa ake. kulima dziko osati nthawi zonse chivundikiro kumabweretsa kuteteza bwino chilengedwe cha chitsanzo nthaka chivundikiro.

Aliyense chikhalidwe wakula pa chiwembu makamaka m'dziko chingasinthe zachilengedwe amuzolengedwa zikuchokera nthaka ndi amasankha kwa izo kwambiri zakudya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena amene kubwezeretsa chonde. Evaporation, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, otsika humus okhutira ndi zakudya - chifukwa cha unprofessional kulima dziko.

Mu zaka zoyambirira za kulima thandizo dziko amakhala ndi dothi lake ndi lachonde, ndiye patapita zaka zingapo ntchito yake mothandizidwa ndi anathetsera makina kumabweretsa kuchepetsa kwambiri a index izi akuwononganso zigawo chapamwamba nthaka, nchifukwa chake pali miyeso osiyana agro-luso kubwezeretsa bwino zachilengedwe pogwiritsa yokumba. Ngati palibe kanthu akutengedwa, dziko wotaya umatha kubala mkulu zokolola ndi ndondomeko imatchedwa pochvoutomleniem.

zinthu chonde

Kuchokera pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire kuti chonde m'dziko nakulitsa anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina kuwalitsa ubale wa tizilombo nthaka ndi zomera.

Zikuphatikizapo phindu asidi, zili dongo zili mchere ndi alkalis, zili kutentha, madzi pamwamba masinthidwe amtundu, mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwenso kawopsedwe nthaka, kusowa aeration.

Kucotsa ndi minimization mfundo kumamukopa pa imfa ya chonde

Kuwonjezera chonde yafupika miyeso agro-luso kuti abwezeretse bwino chilengedwe cha dziko ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira za zinthu zakumwamba:

• ndi acidity owonjezera anachita liming dothi;
• pamene owonjezera alkalinity - kislotovanie, gypsum, kupanga feteleza physiologically acidic;
• salt ndi muyeso - rinsing pansi;
• ndi mkulu zili dongo - kwambiri tillage, kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga;
• pa mkulu osalimba nthaka - kwambiri kumasula, udzu kulima ndi nthaka structuring zikuchokera;
• ndi kusowa zakudya - kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi feteleza organic;
• mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwenso toxicosis - fallowing ndi agro-luso dziko reclamation.

Nyengo fetereza nthaka

Nthawi zambiri kuwonjezera chonde wa tillage nthaka ikuchitika ndi ntchito feteleza mchere. Ndi zinthu izi ndi gwero la akusowa mankhwala chomera zatu.

Spring umuna kumafuna ntchito asafe ndi mankwala feteleza. M'dzinja nthaka limayenda ndi chakudya feteleza organic - manyowa, kompositi, manyowa mbewu.

Kuwonjezera chonde nthaka yazaulimi

Kuonjezera chonde osati kumakhudzanso umuna mu kasupe ndi autumn, komanso mwambo olondola a anapangira feteleza, chifukwa kupanda ndi muyeso wa pokha amakhala ndi kuchepa zokolola dziko.

feteleza nthaka nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi zizindikiro za kasinthasintha mbewu, akuchitira makina ndi ntchito reclamation.