Chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo: Arabic zolemba, chithunzi

Alexander Nevsky ndi yowala kwambiri m'mbiri kuchita zokwanira ukulu wa Russia. Popeza anayamba ukulu ndithu m'nthawi yovuta anatha amapitiriza m'dera zopatsidwa kwa iye, komanso kulimbitsa ubale ndi Golden gulu, komanso kulimbana ndi Akhristu pa Nyanja Chud. mfundo zonsezi zimadziwika bwino, koma ena kuposa izo kuzungulira canonized ndi Mpingo Russian Orthodox wa Prince anasiya zambiri zinsinsi ndi masamu, kusokoneza maganizo a mbiri yakale komanso ofukula. Koposa zonse, asayansi nkhawa chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo, zomwe zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri kwa Asilavo chikhalidwe. Ngakhale nkhani kusungidwa mu boma la Russia amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida Museum, ankaona chinthu chenicheni cha yunifolomu lankhondo la Grand Duke, asayansi anapanga mabaibulo ena anachokera. Today ife adzayesa kubwera kwa chinsinsi chimene zaka zambiri amasunga chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Kufotokozera zikumenyetsedwa

Chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo, amene zithunzi Tingaone pa masamba a mabuku sukulu pa mbiri, kwa zaka zambiri kusungidwa amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida. Iye ni mmodzi wa mtengo wapatali kwambiri chuma chake. Ndipo zimawoneka ngati chinthu ichi kwenikweni ndi chidwi kwambiri. Za izo kunayamba m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, koma amadziwika kuti chisoti m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri chinaperekedwa ku reworking ndipo analandira zokongoletsa zina.

Aleksandra Nevskogo chisoti anapanga utoto chitsulo ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe semicircular. Iwo yokutidwa ndi Golidi ndi siliva florid ornamentation pa circumference lonse la chisoti chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, ngale. Skilful bwalo mbuye chitakhazikitsidwa oposa mazana awiri zamtengo wapatali, diamondi, ndipo pafupifupi zana limodzi ndi khumi emeralds. Pa foredeck ndi lacquer kakang'ono chisoti ndi chithunzi Arhangela Mihaila, ndi pa wozungulira amene analembedwa nduwira zachifumu ndi mtanda Orthodox. Koma izo sizitero kowonera zakale chidutswa kotero wapadera, chinsinsi chonse chagona mu zolemba za, ntchito padziko achenjezo zisonga. Mufuna kuwona zomwe zalembedwa pa chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo? Mudzakhala odabwa chifukwa lolembedwa wapangidwa mu Arabic ndipo lili vesi la Koran. N'chifukwa chiyani pa chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo Arabic script? Monga Orthodox kalonga ndikanatha kuvala zida ndi zolemba osakhulupirira? Tiyeni tiyese pang'ono kuwaululira chinsinsi chimenechi.

Mulembedwa chiyani pa chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo?

Chotero kodi chinsinsi masitolo izi bokosilo m'mbiri? Monga ife otchulidwa, nthawi yaitali, asayansi aphunzira chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo. Zolembedwa Arabic (zithunzi sitinatenga m'nkhani ino) akhoza kumasulira mwachilungamo mosavuta, koma concurrence awo ndi Koran ankadziwika kalelo. chitsanzo okongola chisoti cha kalonga Russian analemba kuti: "kulengeza kwa lonjezo okhulupirika a Mulungu kuti atithandize ndi chigonjetso othamanga."

Dziwani kuti ndime iyi chotchuka kwambiri mwa Asilamu. Iye ndi chimodzi cha ndime fungulo la Koran. Ndi zomwe cholinga anamukantha pa chisoti mbuye Russian kalonga? chinsinsi ichi tili koma kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi.

Zinsinsi za Aleksandra Nevskogo

Alexander Nevsky - zapadera umunthu nthawi yake. Monga mwana wa Grand Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodich, zikuoneka kuti ana a wolamulira wanzeru ndi kutali amene anali wokhoza kumanga ubale ndi Golden gulu, ndipo ngakhale kusonkhezera policy ake akunja.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ubwenzi chachilendo ichi ndi Tartars chikwiyire ngakhale m'nthawi yake Prince mafunso ambiri. Pa nthawi ina iyo inali mphekesera kuti Alexander Nevsky anali mwana wa Batu Khan. Ambiri mwina, nthano ino anabadwa chakuti mkulu mu moyo wake kanayi anapita mu gulu ndi otchedwa Sartak mwana Batu, wotchedwa m'bale wake. Amadziwika kuti gulu Prince Alexander ankafuna kuti akonze chitetezo cha boma yachikristu, ngakhale yoweramitsidwa Sartak ku chikhazikitso cha Orthodox. Izi chikoka kwambiri komanso ubwenzi pakati pa anthu a akanakhoza kufotokoza kumene linachokera Arabic script pa chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo, ngati wina "koma." N'zovuta kulingalira kuti kalonga Russian anali mu nkhondo kwa Russia zida, ndi zolembedwa zizindikiro Arabic ndi chikale. Kunali kosatheka masiku amenewo. Komanso, ambuye Russian sanathe akupeka mankhwala, kotero machesi wangwiro ndi miyambo yonse ya kulipira kum'mawa. Kumene, ndiye, anadza chisoti ndi amene analemba ake?

Kuchidziwa linapanga chisoti: Ndani?

Asayansi ndi mtsutso yaitali za amene linapanga chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo. Zolembedwa Arabic anaonekera bwino ndithu amasonyeza chiyambi chake East. Koma poyerekezera mbiri osati ndi china musakhale otsimikiza.

Mu Russia, blacksmithing zinali zomvetsa akupangidwa ambuye Asilavo nthawi zambiri kuphunzitsidwa luso la oimira anthu osiyanasiyana. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti Russian zida walandira mphamvu ndi skilfully anapanga. Koma tsopano kukongoletsa script awo Arabic anali osavomerezeka. Inde, ndi mmene n'zotheka - chifukwa cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu, anaposa Russia Chitata Mongol goli. Ndiye bwanji mawu amene analembedwa pa chisotichi Aleksandra Nevskogo analengedwa mu Arabic? Asayansi anapanga mfundo zingapo pa nkhani imeneyi.

Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo - chisoti inali mphatso kwa Khan wa Golden gulu Russian kalonga, kufanizira ubwenzi ndi ulemu. Chifukwa mphatso Alexander Nevsky sanangokhala wopanda chidwi ndi kuchiika iliyonse nkhondo. Zikuoneka kuti chisoti unakhazikitsidwa Sarai-Batu, likulu la Golden gulu. Baibulo limeneli ali ndi ufulu kulibe, chifukwa anasonyeza kuti asilikali konse kuphedwa Khan aluso amisiri. Iwo ankakhala ku likulu la gulu ndipo anapanga katswiri weniweni wa zojambulajambula. Mlendo ambuye kupanga zodzikongoletsera kwambiri, zida zodabwitsa ndipo, ndithudi, zida.

Tikamapitiriza kukhala okhulupirika kwa buku lino, pali funso limodzi lokha - chifukwa chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo, anapanga ambuye kum'mawa, muli zizindikiro Orthodox? Apa asayansi anali kwambiri akumenyetsa mutu wake pamaso iwo atapereka kungoganizira latsopano.

Mtengo mbiri ya chisotichi

Chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo, zolemba Arabic amene amayambitsa mavuto ambiri, zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya boma Russian. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri icho chinaperekedwa Mihailu Fedorovichu Romanovu ngati mphatso. Pa ulemerero wake kuonetsetsa ndalama moponya achifumu, ndi chifukwa cha bwalo mbuye Nikita Danilov iye anakhala ndi apamwamba kuposa kale lonse.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo chisoti wakhala fixture a tsars Russian. Ndi pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi izo ngakhale kuvala chovala manja a boma. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti chikondi sikunachitekepo Romanov ku phunziro ili chafotokozedwa ndithu chabe - izo zimatanthauza kupitiriza wa Romanov mafumu, amene anakhala wolamulira pambuyo Rurik. Ichi ndi chomwe chimapangitsa chisoti akale ndi lofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri, ngakhale ananena ufumu watsopano. Jeweled chisoti amatchedwa "kapu Erihonskaya Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich."

Erihonskie zipewa: phindu dzina

Zida zankhondo akugwirizira zisoti angapo erihonskih. Iwo akuyimira zipewa ankavala ndi akalonga Russian. mankhwala amenewa nthawi zonse maonekedwe chachikulu, ndi zokongoletsa zambiri. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zimenezi si ntchito zambiri kunkhondo, anali ndi makhalidwe mu parades kapena pa bwalo miyambo ya.

N'zochititsa chidwi chiyambi cha maina deta "zisoti." chakuti tsars Russian ndi Yesu ndi kugonjetsa Yeriko. Iwo ankadziona ngati olowa mmalo a asilikali okwera pantsi mu nkhondo anali okonzeka adzaphwanya m'dani aliyense encroached pa Russia. Kuopseza adani, kuuzira asilikali ake ndi kupereka tanthauzo la umunthu wake anali ankavala zipewa perete, dzina "erihonskimi zipewa".

Choona chidwi n'chakuti woyambirira erihonskaya chipewa, ndi wamkulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo wake kuposa mtengo wa zisanu zinthu zina zofanana zikhale pamodzi.

Chinsinsi cha chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo

History, monga ife tikudziwira, nthawi zambiri chitaya masamu asayansi kuposa otgadok. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti apeza ambiri pofukula pali anthu amene anali pachiyambi atengedwa. Mwatsoka, nkhani zofanana ndi zimenezi zinachitika ndi chisoti Aleksandra Nevskogo.

M'zaka za m'ma-makumi awiri, luso zafika pamlingo amenewa omwe angachititse munthu amasonyeza mwandondomeko tsiku la kupanga chinthu. Research kakusintha ndi chisoti wotchuka zimene zinatsalira mbiri yakale kwa apadera. Pambuyo zambiri mpheto, chinapezeka kuti Baibulo la chisoti wachokera Aleksandru Nevskomu ndi chabe nthano. Akatswiri ena anatsimikiza kuti katunduyo anali chopangidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, pafupifupi mazana anai zaka pambuyo pa imfa ya Prince Alexander.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti sanali atsogolere ntchito asayansi kudziwa mwini, kuti chisoti, ndipo akupita. Mikuluwiko anapitiriza kuchulukana.

Vutolo za chiyambi cha chisotichi

Chidwi, koma asayansi kufufuza simunakhala kutha mbiri ya chisotichi. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti iye akadali a Aleksandru Nevskomu ndipo amaphunzitsidwa chabe analakwitsa kuwerengetsera lapansi.

Mtsutso wawo Waukulu ndi chakuti chisoti wosadziwika, chopanda phindu zinachitika, Romanovs sibwenzi inasanduka chidina, ndipo amasonyeza pa malaya dziko la manja. Kumene, mbewu ya choonadi kuganiza mpaka pano. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti kumene mfumu ndalama zochuluka kwambiri pa ochiritsira chisoti chokongoletsera ndi zolemba Arabic, ndipo kenako anayamba ntchito monga waukulu chikondwerero zinthu.

Ziribe kanthu momwe wokongola nkhani imeneyi maso a dziko lawo mu akuyitanira anapeza zokopa, sitingathe rebut kafukufuku lalikulu sayansi ndipo azivala nkhani iwo.

Version zipewa zikamera erihonskoy Mikhail Fedorovich

Tikamaphunzira Baibulo la chisoti anaonekera pa bwalo la mfumu ndi m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, ndiye kutsegula chinsinsi cha chiyambi chake palibe zochepa zosangalatsa kuposa kuphunzira za mbuye wake. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ali makamaka okonda amakhulupirira kuti kum'mawa chisoti inali mphatso yochokera kwa munthu wofunika kwambiri.

N'kuthekanso kuti mphatso za mgwirizano wa mayiko, savomereza kuti mfumu sakanakhoza. Koma mmene kuvala chisoti mawu akuti mlendo? Nkhani imeneyi zikuoneka kuti kwambiri kusokoneza Mikhail Fedorovich. Pa nthawi imeneyo khoti anthu okwanira ophunzira, amene anali zilankhulo zambiri yachilendo. Choncho, kopanda kuti mfumu sankadziwa za mzere kutengerapo, nzosatheka.

Akatswiri ambiri okonda Baibulo malinga ndi zimene Romanov anapeza njira yabwino ku zinthu wokongola yomata - analamula azikongoletsa phunziro la zizindikiro Orthodox, zomwe zinapangitsa ku lolembedwa mu Chiarabu, ndipo inasanduka oopsa mphatso cholowa cha boma.

Kumene, izi ziri lina, koma ndithu ndithu osati kupitirira zochitika m'mbiri.

Bakuman Asia: chisakanizo cha zikhalidwe ziwiri

Kufotokoza chiyambi cha mawu amene analembedwa pa chisoti amene zikusungidwa anapatsidwa m'nkhaniyi ndi kutsimikiziridwa sayansi. Koma apa pali chinsinsi china zolembalemba Arabic zilipodi - zida Russian, zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale Mpingo Orthodox makhalidwe ambiri ntchito Arabic script. Zikuoneka zosaneneka, koma mfundo zikuyendera - ndi Arab ndi Asilavo chikhalidwe zimagwirizana kwambiri zogwirizana.

Zida zankhondo anali makope okwanira zida za nkhondo, amene tazokotedwa mau zosiyanasiyana Arabic. Ndipo onse zida awa sali linalandidwa, zinachitika kaya mwa ambuye Asilavo, kapena analandira monga mphatso. Koma chiwerengero cha zinthu izi chabe chodabwitsa.

Akatswiri ambiri ngakhale atapereka ndithu kungoganizira molimba mtima kuti ntchito ngati mpingo mu Arabic akale. Izi zikusonyeza mipango la bishopu, amene ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali wokongola ndi Arabic lolembedwa. Similar amapeza zinthu zakale anachita kwambiri.

Kumene, mwambo wapadera dziko la sayansi, Mpingo kapena Orthodox alibe kuzindikira mfundo imeneyi, chifukwa akhoza kwathunthu kusintha chifanizo cha mbiri Russian.

Pomaliza

Koma nanga chisoti weniweni Aleksandra Nevskogo? Ali? Mwina zingakhale Takulakwirani, koma osati yapezeka. Choncho, archeologists akhala mwayi zonse konse kuligwira chisoti ili a mwana wamkulu wa Yaroslav Fedorovich.