Chirasha Japanese nkhondo 1904-1905: zifukwa ndi zotsatira

Chimodzi mwa mavuto lalikulu imatengedwa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ya 1904-1905. Zifukwa ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Chifukwa cha nkhondo akhala ntchito Nkhondo mfuti losatha zida zankhondo, ofunkha.

Akamanena za nkhondo imeneyi inali zomwe wa awiriwo chikumenyana maufumu adzam'lamulira Far East. Russian Mfumu Nicholas II ankaona zikulu- kulimbikitsa chikoka cha mphamvu zake mu Asia East. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Mfumu Meiji la Japan anafuna kuti apeze mphamvu zonse Korea. Nkhondo anakhala mosalephera.

nkhondo ANAKULIRA

Iwo ankadziwa kuti Chirasha Japanese nkhondo 1904-1905 (zifukwa ogwirizana ndi Far East) sanayambitse yomweyo. Iye anali nawo maziko ake.

Russia kwapita ku Central Asia kumalire ndi Afghanistan ndi Perisiya, amene bwanji zofuna za UK. Osati kukhala tiwonjezere umenewu, ufumu ankatembenukira kwa East. Panali China, omwe ndi chifukwa kumaliza kutopa mu za Opium nkhondo ndi Taiping Kupanduka anakakamizika kusamutsa imodzi ya gawo lawo Russian. Choncho iye anafika ulamuliro wa Primorye (m'dera la Vladivostok amakono) Islands Kuril, mbali ya chilumba cha Sakhalin. Kulumikiza malire lakutali analengedwa Trans-Siberia Railway, ndilo njanji anapereka kugwirizana pakati Chelyabinsk ndipo Vladivostok. Kuwonjezera sitima ya, Russia anakonza malonda pa Nyanja Yellow mwa ayezi Port Arthur.

Mu Japan, nthawi yomweyo iwo amaika kutembenuka mtima kwawo. Kamodzi mphamvu, Mfumu Meiji kusiya malamulo a kudziletsa kudzipatula ndipo anayamba wamakono wa boma. kusintha zake zonse zinali bwino kuti pambuyo kotala m'zaka chiyambi cha Ufumu anatha kuganiza mozama za kuwonjezeka asilikali m'maboma ena. zolinga zake poyamba anali China ndi Korea. chigonjetso Japan pa China anamupatsa kuti mu 1895, ufulu Korea, chisumbu cha Taiwan, ndi mayiko ena.

Akamayamba mkangano maufumu awiri amphamvu ulamuliro mu Asia East. Zotsatira zake zinali Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ya 1904-1905. Zimayambitsa nkhondo ndi zothandiza mwatsatanetsatane.

Zimayambitsa chachikulu cha nkhondo

Pakuti mphamvu zonse zinali zofunika kusonyeza zipambano zawo karate Choncho zinachitika Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ya 1904-1905. Zimayambitsa nkhondo imeneyi kugona osati zonena pa dera la China, komanso zinthu zoweta, lomwe nthawi imeneyi yapangidwa maufumu onse. Ndawala bwino nkhondo, osati limangopereka wopambana ubwino chuma, komanso timapitiriza udindo wake pa siteji dziko ndi amatontholetsa adani alipo mu mphamvu yake. Iwo ankayembekezera mayiko awiri pankhondo imeneyi? Kodi chikuchititsa mavuto a Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905? Gome m'munsimu mwachidule mayankho a mafunso amenewa.

Ndi chifukwa chakuti mphamvu onse adafunafuna kuthetsa nkhondo, zokambirana zonse zamtendere musati kubweretsa zotsatira.

The bwino mphamvu pansi

Zimayambitsa Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905 anali onse chuma ndi ndale. Pa kutsogolo East 23 zida zankhondo Brigade anatumizidwa ku Russia. Poganizira kuti n'zosangalatsa kumva ntchito asilikali, utsogoleri a Russia. Komabe, mu East, asilikali okha anthu 150 sauzande. Komabe, anamwazikana gawo lalikulu.

• Vladivostok - anthu 45.000.
• Manzhouli - anthu 28,000.
• Port Arthur - anthu 22000.
• Chitetezo cha CER - anthu 35,000.
• Zida zankhondo, zomangamanga asilikali - kwa anthu 8000.

Vuto lalikulu la asilikali Russian anali remoteness ku gawo European. Communication ikuchitika ndi wanthambo, ndi yobereka - mzere CEL. Komabe, zii kuombola owerengeka katundu. Komanso, utsogoleri analibe mapu molondola m'dera lomwe lili ndi zoyipa pa nthawi ya nkhondo imeneyi.

Japan nkhondo isanayambe anali ndi khamu la anthu 375 sauzande. Iwo bwino kuphunzira malo, anali mapu chake molondola. asilikali wakhala akweza ndi akatswiri English ndi asilikali okhulupirika kwa Mfumu imfa.

The bwino mphamvu pa madzi

Kuwonjezera chotchedwa sushi, ndi nkhondo kunachitika pa madzi (pa Yellow Sea). Japan anatsogolera mndandanda wa asilikali Togo Heyhatiro. Ntchito yake inali kutchinga squadron mdani pafupi Port Arthur. Mu wina nyanja (Japan) squadron la Japan anatsutsa Vladivostok cruisers gulu.

Kumvetsa zimayambitsa Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905, ufumu Meiji akusasanyira pa madzi bwinobwino. zombo zikuluzikulu zombo ake ophatikizana anapangidwa England, France, Germany, ndipo kwambiri kuposa chotengera Russian.

The zochitika zazikulu za nkhondo

Pamene, mu February 1904, asilikali a ku Japan anayamba kuwoloka ku Korea, lamulo Russian sanali angagwirizanitse zimenezo, ngakhale kuti anali ndi zifukwa momveka kwa Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905.

Mwachidule za chochitika chachikulu.

• 02.09.1904. Yakale nkhondo cruiser "Varyag" ndi squadron Japanese pafupi Chemulpo.
• 02.27.1904. Japanese Navy anaukira Russian asilikali m'munsi mu Port Arthur, popanda atchedwe nkhondo. The Japanese ntchito koyamba torpedoes ndi kugonja 90% ya Pacific zombo.
• April 1904. The zipolowe wa makamu pansi, omwe anasonyeza kusafuna la Russia kunkhondo (mismatch mawonekedwe, kupanda mapu asilikali, amalephera mpanda). Chifukwa pamaso pa akazembe Russian mu malaya woyera, asilikali a ku Japan mosavuta masamu ndi kuphedwa.
• Meyi 1904. Kukwera doko Japanese za m'tsogolo.
• August 1904. Kutetezedwa Russian Port Arthur bwino.
• January 1905. Kutumiza Port Arthur Stoessel.
• Meyi 1905. Nyanja Battle pa Tsushima anawononga Russian zombo (Vladivostok anabwerera ngalawa imodzi), pamene palibe ngalawa Japanese anavulala.
• July 1905. The nkhondo ya asilikali Japanese pa Sakhalin.

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ya 1904-1905., Kumatanthauza chikuchititsa zimenezi ndi chuma chikhalidwe, zachititsa kuti zikutha m'mayiko mphamvu zonse. Japan anayamba kufunafuna njira kuthetsa mkangano. Iye ankayesetsa thandizo la United Kingdom ndi United States.

Nkhondo ya Chemulpo

Wotchuka nkhondo kunachitika ku gombe la Korea 9/2/1904 (mzinda Chemulpo). Awiri Russian zombo analamula Captain Vsevolod Rudnev. Amenewa anali cruiser "Varyag" ndi bwato "Korea". Japan squadron analamula Sotokiti Uriu armadillo inkakhala 2, 4 cruisers, 8 owononga. Iwo oletsedwa zombo Russian kukhonda nkhondo.

M'mawa pa tsiku bwino "Varyag" ndi "Korea" kulemedwa nangula ndipo anayesa kutuluka Bay lapansi. Polemekeza kuchoka ku doko nyimbo zawo anayamba kusewera, koma mphindi zisanu pa sitimayo anakantha Alamu. Rose nkhondo mbendera.

The Japanese sanayembekezere zimenezi ndipo ankafuna kuononga zombo Russian pa doko. The squadron cha mdani mofulumira kulera nangula, nkhondo mbendera ndipo anayamba kukonzekera nkhondo. nkhondo inayambika ndi kuwombera wa "Asama". Pomwepo adadza nkhondo ndi zida kuboola ndi zipolopolo mkulu-zachiwawa kuchokera ku mbali zonse.

Mphamvu wosiyana "Varyag" anali wolemera owonongeka ndipo Rudnev anaganiza kubwerera kwa yamphamvu ya. Apo, Japanese sangathe kupitiriza kuwombera pa chiopsezo kuwonongeka kwa zombo za limati zina.

Kutsitsa nangula, gulu la "Varyag" anayamba kuphunzira boma la chombo. Rudnev, azungu anapita kwa kusamvana pa chiwonongeko cha cruiser ndi kusandulika kwa gulu lake pa zombo ndale. Osati akapitawo onse anasangalala ndi Rudnev, koma patapita maola awiri timu anali anasamutsidwa. "Varyag" anaganiza kumira kutsegula zipata zake. Matupi a panyanjawa akufa pa nthawi yomweyo anasiya cruiser.

Bwato "Korea", anaganiza kuti aphulitsa, evacuating pamaso lamulo limeneli. Zonse anachoka pa chombo, ndipo anatentha zikalata chinsinsi.

panyanjawa unatengedwa pa zombo French, British ndi Chitaliyana. Pambuyo pochita ndondomeko zonse zofunika anawatengera ku Odessa ndi Sevastopol, kumene inasokonekera zombo. Iwo anali mu mgwirizano kunali kosatheka kuti apitirize kuchita nawo nkhondo Chirasha Japanese, kotero iwo sankaloledwa pa Pacific zombo.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Mgwirizanowu mtendere, Japan anagwirizana kusaina ndi capitulation lathunthu la Russia, amene kale anayamba kusintha. Malinga Portsmunskomu pangano mtendere (23/08/1905) Russia anayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Zinyalala amadzinenera Manchuria.
2. Kuzisiya Japan pa Islands Kuril ndi theka la Sakhalin Island.
3. Kuti ufulu Japan ku Korea.
4. Ku Japan ufulu pangano Port Arthur.
5. Japan kulipira indemnity kuti "yokonza akaidi."

Komanso, kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo Russia ndi mavuto obwera ku mawu a zachuma. Iwo anayamba stagnation m'mafakitale ena chifukwa cha kuchepa kukongoza awo ndi mabanki akunja. Kukhala m'dziko wauka kwambiri. Industrialists anaumirira mapeto othamanga wa mtendere.

Ngakhale mayiko amene poyamba anathandiza Japan (UK ndi US), anazindikira nkobvuta zinthu ku Russia. nkhondo payenera kutsekedwa kuti atsogolere magulu onse nkhondo yolimbana ndi zisinthe, omwe ankaopa kuti mofanana amphamvu boma lonse.

Anayamba kuyenda misa mwa ogwira ntchito ndi asilikali. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi kugalukira pa nkhondo "Potemkin".

Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905 anamvetsa. Mpaka kupeza zomwe zinali zomvetsa mmene anthu. Russia wataya 270 zikwi, amene 50,000 anaphedwa. Japan anataya nambalayi wa asilikali, koma anaphedwa oposa 80 zikwi.

Ubwino maweruzo

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ya zaka 1904-1905 limatanthauza chikuchititsa zimenezi zachuma ndi chikhalidwe ndale, zasonyeza mavuto aakulu mkati Russian Ufumu. Yemweyo linalembedwa ndi General Kuropatkin. Nkhondo anawulula mavuto a asilikali, armament ake, lamulo, komanso kulephera zokambirana.

Japan sanali akakwaniritsa ndi zotsatira za zokambirana. boma wataya kwambiri polimbana ndi mdani European. Iye anayembekeza kupeza gawo lalikulu, koma US kuti ake sagwirizana. Mkati m'dzikoli akamayamba kusakhutira ndi Japan adzapitiriza njira ya nkhondo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo 1904-1905 zifukwa ankaona njira, anabweretsa zambiri stratagems:

• ntchito projectors;
• ntchito waya waminga pansi mavuto mkulu panopa;
• munda khitchini;
• Mafoni kwa nthawi yoyamba analola kuti mukulephera kusintha sitima patali;
• kusintha pofuna nkhuni mafuta, zomwe si kubala utsi ndi kupanga zombo zochepa kuonekera;
• maonekedwe a zombo - zigawo anga, omwe anapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mabomba;
• flamethrowers.

Mmodzi wa nkhondo zozizwitsa za nkhondo ndi Japan ndi nkhondo cruiser "Varyag" pa Chemulpo (1904). Ndi ngalawa "Korea" kukalankhula ndi squadron lonse la mdani. Nkhondo mwachionekere, koma amalinyero akadali anapanga pofuna kubooleza. Izo zinalephereka, ndi kuti si kuti adzipereke, adalira kutsogoleredwa ndi Rudnev kumizidwa chombo wake. Pakuti mtima ndi ungwazi anapatsidwa matamando a Nicholas II. The Japanese ndi chidwi chikhalidwe ndi sichisinthasinthanso Rudnev ndi amalinyero ake kuti mu 1907 kupereka iye Order ya Kutuluka Sun. Mkulu wa cruiser olowa analandira mphoto, koma anali asanamvepo kuvala.

Pali chiphunzitso malinga ndi zimene Japanese anagonja Stoessel Port Arthur kwa amalipiritsa. Monga momwe Baibulo ndi zolondola, cheke n'zosatheka. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, chifukwa cha nkhondo yake kanthu udzatha basi. Pa izi amupezadi ndi m'ndende kwa zaka 10 mu malo otetezedwa bwino, koma anali atakhululukidwa chaka ukapolo. Iye mosatsata maudindo onse ndi mphoto, kusiya penshioni ya.