Chipilala cha Constantine ku Rome: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Mzinda wa Roma uli wodzaza zokopa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe. Aliyense mwaluso mapulani limafotokoza nkhani ya zochitika zofunika za kale likulu Italy. Chimodzi cha zolengedwa apadera a zomangamanga heyday Ufumu wa Roma lili pafupi m'bwalo lalikulu la maseŵera zazikulu.

Arches polemekeza opambana

asilikali amphamvu amene anabwera ndi chigonjetso patapita nkhondo yaitali, nthawi zonse anakumana unsembe kachetechete. Ancient Rome anali nazonso. Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala anamangidwa mu ulemu wa opambana nyumba mwala wapadera, zomwe perpetuates ft awo. asilikali ankhondo olimba mtima monyadira amatchedwa mumzindawo kudzera arches anamangapo, kumene mwakachetechete moni ulemu ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi.

Komabe, Chipilala cha Constantine, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino siinamalizidwe pa nthawi ya wopambana mfumu adzabweranso. Ndi nyumba yokhayo ku Roma anamanga pambuyo kupambana kwake ku nkhondo yapachiweniweni, chifukwa ambiri a nyumba izi zinalengedwa ulemu wa kupambana pa adani awo.

Mfumu Constantine ndi zimene anachita

Molimba mtima wofuna Constantine ku ubwana ankafuna kukhala mfumu ndipo chifukwa cha ichi iye anapita zonse, kuchotsa osafunika ndi kumamusokoneza iye ku njira yake. Bambo a mnyamatayo - mtsogoleri wotchuka - asanafe, Zosintha mphamvu zake kwa mwana wake, ndi asilikali achiroma patsogolo Constantine analengeza mfumu yawo.

Ali Rome malamulo a wankhanza Maxentius, amene ankadana ndi anthu okhala m'mizinda. Kulota la mpando wachifumu wa wankhondo wolimba mtima amene anasankha chipembedzo chawo, Christianity, atumiza asilikali ake polimbana ndi adani kudutsa Alps. Podziwa kuti mphamvu Maxentius kuposa ankhondo ake, Constantine yaitali kupemphera, kuyembekezera chizindikiro wakumwamba.

lowani pa

Mu mbiri, palibe kutchula kwa chozizwitsa chimene anapha asilikali a adani ndi kudabwa Constantine kwambiri. Pambuyo amapempha thandizo mu nkhondo adziwitse kumwamba limapezeka mtanda kwa dzuŵa, ndipo ankati m'mitambo kumaoneka akuti "Mu likagonjetsa ichi chizindikiro." Mfumu tsogolo osokonezeka, osadziwa choti achite, koma pa usiku abwera kwa Khristu mu maloto, kukudandaulirani kuti tipite kukamenyana ndi anthu akunja ndi kubwezeretsa Chikhristu mu ufumu waukulu.

30 wazaka Konstantin, motsogozedwa ndi zizindikiro, akuyima kulimbana ndi kugonjetsa khamu lalikulu la wolamulira wankhanza. Mu 312 Maxentius mutu anabweretsedwa ku Rome, anthu onse anayang'ana pa despot wagwa, ndi Constantine yekha wakukhala pa mpando wachifumu kwambiri mwachidwi, lachifumu.

Kupita likulu

2 Only Patapita zaka, pali laperekedwa kwa chigonjetso cha Chipilala cha Constantine. Rome analipira chotero kudikira nthawi yaitali kwa mfumu kuti likulu anali kupita ku mzinda wa Byzantium (Constantinople, Istanbul), amene anakhala Mkristu likulu, ndipo wolamulirayo anali canonized. Ngakhale kuti kutchulidwa anamanganso zonse manja pa Chipilala chachikulu sanaleke achinyamata mfumu, osati oveteredwa monga tcheru overdue.

The Chipilala yaikulu

Chipilala cha Constantine, anamanga mu nyumba ya Senate ndi anthu kutolera ndalama - ndi "wamng'ono" wa nyumba mtundu uwu. Kapangidwe yaikulu imakhala 3 utali, yaikulu mu - chapakati - ndipo mwalamulo kulowa wopambana pa galeta chokongoletsedwa. Kukula chachikulu ndi makulidwe a arches ndi nsangalabwi kupanga izo imodzi yaikulu kwambiri mu dziko. Pa mbali zonse za ntchito yomanga akuzinga wamphamvu mizati, makomawo chokongoletsedwa ndi kudzikondweretsa anatsalira-ziboliboli zosonyeza zochitika za kupambana kwa mfumu ngwazi.

Pobwereka ku malo ena

Amadziwika kuti ulemerero wa arches ntchito ikuchitika pa nyumba zina ziboliboli kukongoletsa ndi medallions. The anatsalira-reliefs wodzipereka kwa chigonjetso cha Constantine zoona, zachotsedwa ku chipilala mbiri anamangidwa mu ulemu wa chigonjetso cha mkulu wina ulemerero - Marcus Aurelius. Dvuhmetrovye medallions, inali pakati pa mizati, kulongosola zochitika yogwirizana ndi mfumu ina, kokha mutu wa kazembe wa Roma Adrian linasintha kukhala fano la wopambana mantha.

zinthu zoterozo ngongole kwa zipilala zina za mbiri yakale chifukwa Chipilala cha Constantine ku Rome anamangidwa mu kanthawi kakafupi nthawi. Ngakhale ambiri samagwirizana ndi buku ili, kuwonjezera pa zachilendo "Akasakaniza" kupanda yosavuta ndalama. Ofufuza ankaphunzira zikalata a nthawi imeneyo, amavomereza kuti kapangidwe yaikulu chofunika zinthu zimene zingakhale udindo, choncho kapangidwe Chipilala zinachitikadi moteromo zachilendo. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, chipilala wokongola kwambiri Ndimagoma mphamvu ndi ulemerero wa amoyo.

Azigometsa chaluso

Chipilala cha Constantine ku Rome Kamangidwe umene unalembedwa ku maofesi ofanana wodzipereka kwa Septimius Severus, anamanga m'njira yakuti zonse zikuwoneka ngati ndi chokhazikika pa mizati amphamvu. Awo molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli zosonyeza zithunzi adani a akunjawo zakutchire asilikali achiroma. Pamwamba pa chikhato chapakati Chipilala waima chiboliboli cha mulungu wamkazi wa kupambana chithunzi - Victoria. Izi zokongoletsera kukongoletsa a nthawi ya ulamuliro wa wopambana achikunja.

Pa mbali Chipilala Constantine chokongoletsedwa medallions, amene mulungu Moon ndi Sun mtundu magaleta. kali mkati ndi kunja kwa chipilala wodzipereka ku chigonjetso chachikulu cha mfumu, wodzazidwa ndi ntchito sculptural.

Kuyenda pansi pa madzi mu mbiri yakale

Chipilala cha Constantine ndi unazunguliridwa ndi mpanda aatali, kotero kuti alendo ochokera lonse sanatengedwe kupita alendo mwaluso wakale wa chikhalidwe dziko. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti nsangalabwi chikasu ndi kudwala kwambiri nyengo ndi utsi fumes.

Zikwi alendo tsiku imatengedwa zithunzi chodabwitsa, zimalowera mbiri yakale ku nthawi za nkhondo ndi yowala, chidwi chigonjetso. Kapangidwe chidwi amalola aliyense kukhudza muyaya, iwalani za zachabechabe za dziko lakufa.