Macrolides: mndandanda wa mankhwala, kulongosola

Mu gulu monga macrolides, mndandanda wa mankhwala mkulu, osonyeza kuti kupingasa okwanira ntchito achire. Mankhwalawa amakhala otetezeka ndi ntchito matenda ambiri a chikhalidwe matenda, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha tizilombo okhudza maselo ambiri ndi mabakiteriya. Iwo kuchiza matenda a khungu, mafupa, dongosolo kupuma, kuphatikizapo matenda ndi chibayo osiyanasiyana mwamphamvu.

Mu chibayo aakulu komanso ndi ntchito macrolides, mndandanda wa zinthu zimene zinatchulidwa mu ndondomeko muyezo chithandizo. Komabe, iwo ali ndi mfundo za kufunika kuphatikiza ndi zina wothandizila antimicrobial. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi cephalosporins. kuphatikiza amalola matanthauzo kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya mankhwala onse popanda kuwonjezera kawopsedwe awo.

gulu la macrolides

Kwambiri woyenera ndi yabwino gulu la gulu la mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Zikusonyezanso kusiyana mu kapangidwe ndi chiyambi cha gulu la mankhwala otchedwa "macrolides". Mndandanda wa mankhwala ali pansipa, ndi kudzisiyanitsa nkhaniyi:

1. 14 ziwalo macrolides:

• achilengedwe chiyambi - mankhwalawa ndi oleandomycin;
• theka - clarithromycin ndi roxithromycin, dirithromycin ndi fluritromitsin, telithromycin.

2. azalide (15 mer) Macrolides: Azithromycin.

3. 16-ziwalo macrolides:

• achilengedwe chiyambi - midecamycin, spiramycin ndi dzhosamitsin;
• semisynthetic - midecamycin nthochi.

Gawo ili limangonyezimiritsa mbali structural wa gulu la mankhwala. Mndandanda wa mayina malonda anapatsidwa pansipa.

mndandanda wa mankhwala

Macrolides - mankhwala omwe mndandanda ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Okwana monga 2015 pali 12 mankhwala mu kalasi. chiwerengero cha mankhwala okhala ndi zakudya zimenezi ntchito, ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Ambiri a iwo angapezeke mu maukonde mankhwala ndi kutenga kuchitira angapo matenda. Ndipo ena mankhwala likupezeka mu CIS, ngati si mayina a Pharmacopoeia. Zitsanzo za mayina malonda formulations munali macrolides, zotsatirazi:

• Mankhwalawa kawirikawiri opangidwa mu formulations wa dzina chomwecho ndipo ali m'gulu la mankhwala ovuta "Zener" ndi "Izotreksin".
• Oleandomycin - chiphunzitso mankhwala "oletetrin".
• Clarithromycin: "Klabaks" ndi "Klarikar", "Klerimed" ndi "Klatsid", "Kleron" ndi "Lekoklar", "Pilobakt" ndi "Fromilid", "Ekozitrin" ndi "Erasid", "Zimbaktar" ndi "Arvitsin" "Kispar" ndi "Klarbakt", "Klaritrosin" ndi "Klaritsin", "Klasine" ndi "coaters", "Klerimed" ndi "Romiklar", "Seydon" ndi "CP Clara."
• Roxithromycin nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a dzina malonda generic, komanso gawo la mankhwala zotsatirazi: "Ksitrotsin" ndi "Romik," "Elroks" ndi "Rulitsin", "Esparoksi".
• Azithromycin: "azivok" ndi "Azidrop", "Azimitsin" ndi "Azitral", "Azitroks" ndi "Azitrus", "Zetamaks" ndi "Z-Factor", "Zitnob" ndi "Zitrolid", "Zitratsin" ndi "Sumaklid "" Sumamed "ndi" Sumamoks "," Sumatrolid "ndi" TREMAKS-Sanovel "," Hemomitsin "ndi" Ecomed "," safocid ".
• Midecamycin zilipo ngati mankhwala "Macropen".
• Spiramycin chikupezeka monga "Rovamycinum" ndi "spiramycin Vero".
• Dirithromycin, fluritromitsin ndi telithromycin ndi dzhosamitsin osati lopangidwa mu CIS.

Limagwirira cha zochita za macrolides

Izi yeniyeni pharmacological gulu - macrolides - ochitachita zotsatira bacteriostatic pa foni atengeke tizilomboto matenda opatsirana. Only mu woipa mkulu amapereka zotsatira bactericidal, ngakhale anatsimikizira okha maphunziro zasayansi. Yekha limagwirira cha zochita za macrolides - ichi chopinga mapuloteni kupanga selo bakiteriya. Izi linaphwanya njira zonse za ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya chosakaza chamoyo, kuchititsa kuti afe patapita kanthawi.

braking limagwirira wa kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana 50S-kagawo kakang'ono wa ribosomes bakiteriya. Ali ndi udindo omanga unyolo polypeptide pa DNA kaphatikizidwe. Motero anawawidwa kaphatikizidwe mapulotini structural ndi zinthu virulence akanika. Pankhaniyi, ndi kulunjika mkulu kwa ribosome bakiteriya amachititsa bata wa macrolides kwa thupi.

Kuyerekezera macrolides ndi makalasi zina za mankhwala

Macrolides ofanana katundu ku tetracyclines, koma otetezeka. Iwo sakutsutsana ndi chitukuko cha mafupa a mwana. Mofanana ndi fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides (mndandanda wa mankhwala anapatsidwa pamwamba) angathe ozama mu khungu ndi kutulutsa woipa achire ku zipinda zitatu za thupi. Izi ndi zofunika mankhwalawa mycoplasma chibayo, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis ndi matenda chlamydial. Pankhaniyi, macrolides - fluoroquinolones otetezeka koma sakhala ogwira.

macrolides onse poizoni kuposa penicillin, koma otetezeka mu mawu a mosavuta osauka chifuwa. Pankhaniyi, Penicillin mankhwala ndi chitetezo akatswiri, koma ayenera kuti chifukwa chifuwa. Choncho, pokhala ndi sipekitiramu chimodzimodzi ntchito antimicrobial, macrolides mwina m'malo aminopenicillins ku matenda a dongosolo kupuma. Komanso, zasayansi Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti macrolides kuchepetsa mphamvu ya penicillin mu chikuonetseratu olowa, ngakhale mankhwala panopa ndondomeko kulola osakaniza awo.

Macrolides mimba ndi chisamaliro khanda

Macrolides mankhwala otetezedwa pa ndime ndi cephalosporins ndi penicillin. Ichi chizathandiza ntchito zawo pa mimba ndi matenda a ana. Iwo musandisokoneze njira ya chitukuko cha fupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe mafupa, ndi katundu teratogenic. Only azithromycin ayenera zocheperapo ntchito mu trimester wachitatu wa mimba. Mu mankhwala Dokotala ndi penicillin ndi cephalosporins, ndi macrolides, zalembedwa mu ndondomeko muyezo mankhwala matenda, angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda chiopsezo kulephera poizoni chamoyo.

Kumasulira kwa ena macrolides

Macrolides (mankhwala mndandanda ife pamwambawo) kuchita matenda chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo mu CIS. The zambiri ntchito 4 nthumwi zawo: clarithromycin ndi azithromycin, mankhwalawa ndi midecamycin. Kuli ntchito spiramycin. Mwachangu macrolides ndi pafupi zofanana, ngakhale zimatheka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, clarithromycin, midecamycin, ndi kukwaniritsa zotsatira matenda ayenera kumwedwa kawiri pa tsiku, pamene azithromycin ukugwira ntchito maola 24. Dongosolo chimodzi chokha tsiku zochizira matenda opatsirana.

Mankhwalawa - ichi ndi yochepa macrolides onse. Iwo ayenera kumwedwa nthawi 4-6 tsiku. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu m'dera zochizira ziphuphu zakumaso ndipo khungu matenda. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti macrolides ali bwino ana, koma akhoza kutsekula.