Chimene chinayambitsa kufunika kwa dongosolo kusintha mandative? The kuipa chachikulu cha ulamuliro kalaliki

Malemba boma - wapadera chodabwitsa m'mbiri ya statehood Russian. dongosolo lino kusanduka zaka mazana awiri ndipo anali ndi udindo waukulu kwambiri kulimbitsa wa statehood Russian. Chimene chinayambitsa kufunika kwa kusintha a dongosolo mandative chake wataya tanthauzo lake - kuwerenga m'munsimu.

Zikamera wa madongosolo

Education kasamalidwe dongosolo mandative ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 15. Kupanda kugwirizana pakati Makonsolo sanathe kupereka zonse boma kulamulira madera ambiri ndipo akumidzi. Anthu ndi mabungwe amene kale anapanga pa nthawi imeneyo, analibe achindunji ntchito. Pakati anamwazikana ndipo infrequent ubale madera osiyana fiefdoms kanthawi panali "malamulo", mwinamwake amatchedwa "makhoti" kapena "kwake". ntchito awo sachoka kuphedwa kwa dongosolo la mphamvu wamkulu. Akalonga zambiri apatsidwa dongosolo makamaka - "kuti" - boyars wake kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwunika. Mawu akuti "kukhala kuti" m'masiku amenewo anatanthauza kuti kuyang'anira malangizo mwachindunji kalonga ndi kuwayang'anira kukhazikitsa.

udindo madongosolo

chakuti ntchito za malamulo poyamba amaona kwambiri, malinga ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

- kucoka kupando madongosolo osiyana wa yochepa kanthu;

- zikalata ukubwera wopita kwa anthu ena osati bungwe lililonse;

- njira malamulo kuphedwa zochokera otchedwa "malamulo wamba", choncho panalibe wamba malamulo maziko ofunika kuti aphedwe womveka malamulo, choncho - utachepa mphamvu ya boma.

Izi ndi zifukwa zimene zinabwera chifukwa cha kufunika kwa kusintha dongosolo mandative.

Madongosolo loyamba

Mabungwe woyamba ndi ntchito kwambiri kapena zochepa zodziwika bwino anthu adanyamuka cha m'ma 16. dongosolo Malemba kasamalidwe mu Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV-XVII. Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi ndi zinchito kapena zigawo malo malo.

gulu la malamulo

Gulu loyamba akhoza zimachitika malamulo, anali kuyang'anira nyumba yachifumu ndiponso zochita ndalama. Izi kwenikweni kuti Palace, umene unali udindo kukhala chuma cha Prince, analamulira mayiko ndi anthu amene anali ndi udindo kwa n'zodalirika wa Palace Kalonga wa. Dongosolo la Great Zachuma anali kuyang'anira kutolera misonkho mwachindunji ndi ndalama kupangidwa, Huntsman analamula woyang'anira nkhokwe ndi malo kupha Prince ndi ena.

Gulu lachiwiri ndi kuyang'anira makonzedwe a asilikali ndi kuonetsetsa retinue a kalonga. Fletcher analenga malamulo, zida, Pushkarsky ndi mlendo ndi zina.

Gulu lachitatu malamulo apadera ntchito advantageously kwa milandu. Order Local ankachita nawo milandu katundu, lackeys, wopanda khalidwe (kenako - Ofufuza) anali woyang'anira ndende ndi zinthu apolisi chigawenga, ndi Zemsky malamulo kuti apolisi ndi kuyang'aniridwa milandu pa anthu Moscow.

Wachinayi gulu - makonsolo. chiwerengero cha madongosolo akuzigawo ndi dera lawo linakula pamodzi ndi chiwerengero Ufumuyo ku madera Russian. Choncho, pali malamulo quaternary - Ryazan, Vladimir, Dmitrov, ndipo kenako - Siberia, Little Russia, ndi ena.

Gulu chachisanu Chili wapadera amazilamulira. Mwachitsanzo, panali lamulo Stone, yemwe ankayang'anira ntchito yomanga nyumba mwala, Yamskaya, udindo wotumizira. Popeza panali malamulo nthawi typographic, Apothecary, Akazembe ndi ena.

Gulu chimodzi cha malamulo anali kuyang'anira zochitika mpingo. Izi zikhoza monga dongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke, khoti Mkulu wa Mabishopu ndi ena.

Kugwirizana pakati pa malamulo osiyana inakhazikitsidwa zokha, ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka bwino maudindo sichinayambe zinayenda. Ena malamulo sakanakhoza mayendedwe ena. Kusintha maubwenzi amenewa inakhazikitsidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe malamulo, amene akhoza kugawidwa mu malamulo zikuluzikulu ndi mphoto. Choncho, kuti Ambassadorial kuti 70s kwa zaka za m'ma 17 anayamba kutsogolera pa Little Russian ndi Novgorod. Kuchotsa mphamvu za lamulo sanali chomaliza - m'kupita kwa nthawi iye akanakhoza adzabadwanso monga bungwe loziyimila palokha chili ndi yeniyeni ya ntchito.

Ndalama za madongosolo

Malemba kasamalidwe dongosolo ndalama kwakukulukulu kochitika mwachisawawa. Pakuti panopa ndalama malonda anatengedwa kuchoka malo ena, omwe anasonkhana misonkho wokhudza munthu angathe ankatembenukira ndalama ku zipani zina, kapena kulenga misonkho wapadera. Lamulo utuluke ndalama zinachitikadi malamulo monga analangizidwa kuti chuma, kuti deta ndi mafunso a ndalama ndi zina zotero. yankho lina kwa funso la chimene chinachititsa kufunika dongosolo kusintha mandative amakhala kwambiri chisokonezo utuluke ndalama ndi umboni mwa malamulo osiyanasiyana.

kusintha Petulo

M'kupita kwa nthawi, dongosolo malemba kasamalidwe ku Russia kuyamba kugwira ntchito "pansi pa iye," udzafunidwa zinthu zambiri, ndipo zonse ndi kukhudza zochepa. Kusintha kwa Peter Ine m'malo malamulo chakale matabwa kuti aonetse zinthu zapadera, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malamulo, mabwana mphamvu milandu. Zonse chifukwa cha kufunika kwa kusintha dongosolo mandative ayenera kuti anapita ku zapitazi, pamodzi ndi oyamba a mitundu yatsopano ya kasamalidwe, amene anabwera Russia ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa mfumu-wokonzanso.