Chilinganizo polypropylene. Katundu ndi ntchito polypropylene

Ndipo ma polima zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo izi, katundu wa m'nyumba ndi Chalk - ichi ndi mbali yofunika ya makampani ndi moyo wa anthu ambiri. zachilengedwe, mwatsoka, kwambiri zatha pa ntchito zawo. Choncho, anthu kuphunzira lithe zipangizo yokumba kuti pali zinthu zingapo makhalidwe ofunika luso. Mmodzi wa awa ndi polypropylene. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi pawiri, makamaka katundu ndi kapangidwe ka molekyulu adzakhala m'nkhani.

Ma polima - ikulongosola ambiri a

Gulu la mankhwala ndi anthu amene ali ndi mtengo wapatali kwambiri wa kulemera maselo. Chifukwa ma polima - ndi mankhwala zovuta organic kuti zigwirizana mayunitsi angapo mobwerezabwereza monomer, zimenezi kuchokera makumi angapo mazana, zikwi kapena mamiliyoni.

magulu otsatirawa akhoza kusiyana pakati pa ma polima zonse:

1. Natural chiyambi - mapuloteni, mkati tinthu asidi wa ATP, ndi zina zotero.
2. Amapanga - amene zochokera achilengedwe, koma akhala mankhwala kusinthidwa kuti bwino ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, yokumba rubbers.
3. Kupanga - amene analengedwa yekha chifukwa cha zochita mankhwala, kaphatikizidwe mu zasayansi ndi kupanga mbewu. Apa zitsanzo nsalu angapange ndi ulusi, polyethylene, rubbers kupanga, polyvinyl enaake, polypropylene ndi ena.

minda zonse zomwe zinali ndi gulu la ma polima - yofunika mafakitale yaiwisi zipangizo ntchito yokonza ndi kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana, ziwiya za panyumba, glassware, zidole, mipando ndi zinthu zina.

Oyimira a ma polima zofunika kwambiri kupanga

Chilinganizo mmodzi wa oimira chofunika kwambiri ma polima kupanga mankhwala kwalembedwa monga (-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -) _N. polyethylene izi. malo ake a ntchito amadziwika. Izi zosowa banja (kugula filimu), ndi mafakitale ndi makampani chakudya (atanyamula zinthu). Komabe, ngakhale kuti ambiri, koma osati woimira yekha n'kofunika kwa anthu. Mwina mulinso ma polima monga:

• PVC;
• polypropylene;
• polyisobutylene;
• polystyrene;
• Teflon;
• polyvinyl nthochi, ndi ena.

Ndi mu ntchito yomanga, ndi kupanga cookware umachita zinthu yofunika monga polypropylene. Choncho, zina zimene zili ake ku mfundo mankhwala view.

polypropylene chilinganizo

Kwa zasayansi sayansi, zikuchokera thunthu tingasonyezere osiyanasiyana mitunduyi. Njira yoyamba ndi mawonekedwe maselo kulemba. Pankhaniyi chilinganizo ndi monga polypropylene (C ₃ H _{6) N.} Last polimerazatsii N ndi digiri, i.e. chiwerengero cha mayunitsi structural mu macrochain koyamba.

nkhani imeneyi zikusonyeza kuti munthu Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe zikuchokera molekyulu ndi. Polypropene tichipeza mpweya ndi wa hydrogen maatomu, ndipo chiwerengero chawo mu unit monomer ndi ankalemekeza wofanana 3/6, ndi unyolo okwana zimadalira index N. Ngati ife kulankhula za dongosolo la pawiri, pa dongosolo la atomu mu molekyulu, ndiye muyenera mtundu wina zakuthupi kujambula.

Polypropylene: structural chilinganizo

Lembani mtundu, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kumangidwa atomiki mu molekyulu, otchedwa structural chilinganizo. Pakuti zinthu panopa adzakula mawonekedwe: (CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _N. N'zoonekeratu valence maatomu wamba mu umagwirira organic ndipo anapitiriza nkhaniyi. Chilinganizo polypropylene kapena polypropene zimasonyeza monomer wagawo magwero pawiri. Iwo anapanga kuchokera ndi unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene) propene kapena propene. chilinganizo ake wazotsatira: C ₃ H _8.

The monomer koyamba

Tikutsata ndondomeko za apeze polypropylene monomer motere: (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -). Ngati mpukutu uwu akubwerezedwa maulendo, timachotsa macromolecule lonse, ndi polima kupanga, amene wofunika. Komanso, ife kale ananena kuti onse poyambira mfundo za polymerization anachita tiyenera kuziganizira yachibadwa alkene - propene. Iye ndi polypropylene monomer. chilinganizo kandalama adzalembedwa monga CH ₃ -CH = CH _2. Pa yopuma anakhumba awiri chomangira moiety inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka polymerization lapansi. Chomwecho monomer wagawo, amene kubwereza ndipamene polima macromolecule.

thupi katundu ndi mankhwala

Polypropylene chilinganizo (-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₃ -) _N apereka umboni wa makhalidwe thupi ndi mankhwala. Tikungotchula ofunikira kwambiri.

1. thupi katundu wa polima: 0,91 g / masentimita ^3, molimba, kumva kuwawa kugonjetsedwa, kosamugonjera dzimbiri. White, opaque. No fungo. Mu madzi, organic solvents pa kutentha wamba insoluble. Pamene index pamwamba 100 ⁰ C uli kusungunuka mu mankhwala hydrocarbon. Umayamba kufewetsa pambuyo 140 ⁰ C, pa 170 ⁰ C chimasungunula. Iwo ali kutentha ndi kukana ozizira.
2. Chemical katundu. Amazionera kuchita polypropene akhoza zimachitika zakuthupi zayamba inert. Iwo amatha yatikhudza yekha ndi oxidants pacimake: Fuming asidi nitric, asidi chlorosulfonic, oleum, halogens yogwira (fluorine, chlorine). Popeza madzi si kucheza konse, ngakhale pa kutentha okwera. Popeza kuti mpweya amachitira pa walitsa ndi kuwala, izo limodzi ndi kunyoza polima lapansi. The mankhwala ndiponso ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha kutupikana ndi dissolves.

Ena katundu akhoza zimachitika ndi makhalidwe a nkhani zimene ntchito makampani. Komabe, si onse a polypropylene chomwecho. Pali zina zapadera stabilizers, amene analengedwa ntchito sukulu zosiyanasiyana polima pansi kulingalira.

Zofunika zofunika

N'zotheka tisonyezeni katundu zingapo zofunika nacho chuma polypropylene. Makhalidwe zotsatirazi ake:

1. Pamene Kutentha amatha kusungunula, kufewetsa kale.
2. Payenera conduction katundu.
3. Udarostoek, cholimba avale.
4. Kugonjetsedwa ndi kumva kuwawa.
5. Okalamba pamene dzuŵa ndi mpweya, koma ndondomeko ndi mokwanira pang'onopang'ono.
6. Monga polima ali wamng'ono maselo kulemera.
7. Ali woyera, translucent, alibe kukoma kapena fungo.
8. Ngati kuyaka si zimatulutsa zinthu zoipa limatulutsa kuwala zamaluwa fungo.
9. Ndi kusintha, cholimba, kugonjetsedwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuipitsa.
10. Iwo ali kutentha ndi chisanu.

minda zonse zomwe zinali ndi polypropylene ngati katundu chuma kupanga izo oyenera zosiyanasiyana zofunika. N'zosavuta ntchito, zosavuta kusamalira ndi ntchito ya kumapeto kwa gawo lirilonse la chuma.

Okwana pali mitundu itatu chachikulu cha nkhaniyi:

• attaktichesky;
• syndiotactic;
• isotactic.

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pawo - ndi kapangidwe okhudza malo a molekyulu ndi. Mwachindunji - magulu methyl mu unyolo. Komanso specifications Chilimbikitso zina, chiwerengero cha mayunitsi monomer mu macrostructure lapansi.

Ndisonyezeni chuma kaya mawonekedwe a granular dongosolo crystalline kapena mu mawonekedwe a ulusi, mapepala.

Madera a ntchito

Zofunika polypropylene ntchito yopanga mafilimu osiyanasiyana, ma CD muli, muli chakudya. Ndi chifukwa Nthawi zambiri makapu pulasitiki ndi zinthu zina za tableware disposable. Zinthu zimenezi ndi ntchito kupangira cholimba, kugonjetsedwa ndi wothandizila mankhwala polypropylene mipope kuikira.

Izo ntchito polenga zipangizo shumonepronitsaemyh. Zomatira tepi - komanso ndi imodzi mwa mitundu polypropylene.

zakuthupi Attaktichesky ntchito kuti:

• mastics;
• kumatira;
• caulking;
• matepi zomatira;
• pavements ndi zina zotero.

A ambiri mapepala polypropylene, ulusi, masamba kupanga zidole, malo, katundu wa m'nyumba ndi katundu m'nyumba.