Chikhure: zimayambitsa ndi pathogenesis

Zilonda zapakhosi, kapena pharyngitis, akufotokozera chifukwa mmene mavairasi streptococcal matenda. The ndondomeko yotupa kutengela mucosa wa pharynx, ndi m'kamwa zofewa, tonsils, komanso minofu retropharyngeal lymph mfundo. Limited kutupa zofewa m'kamwa ndi tonsils pharyngeal lymphoid mphete otchedwa angina.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha kugonjetsedwa kwa zilonda zapakhosi anawagawira mu: catarrhal, croupous, diphtheria, chilonda, phlegmonous. Ndi chiyambi - pa pulayimale ndi sekondale, ndi otaya - pachimake ndi aakulu. Pulayimale pachimake pharyngitis kumachitika makamaka chifukwa subcooling okwana thupi kapena m'dera zotsatira za ozizira pa za mucosa wa pharynx, kawirikawiri m'dzinja ndi masika, i.e. nyengo ndi kusinthasintha lalikulu kutentha mpweya. Zilonda zapakhosi zingachitikenso pa inhalation ya mpweya woipa, irritants mankhwala (zidulo, alkalis, amadzimadzi amoniya njira, formalin). The etiology wa pharyngitis unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo. akutukuka zilonda zapakhosi ndi vuto la matenda monga stomatitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis.

Communication pakati pharyngitis ndi kutupa kwa nembanemba mucous wa mphuno, m'phuno ndi trachea ali pafupi kuti, nthawi zambiri, njira akakufunsani za hayala sangakhale kwenikweni akhudzidwa limba. Choncho, mu milandu okha ndi matenda a "catarrh wa kapepalako chapamwamba kupuma." Pharyngitis monga matenda nosological amawapeza kokha pamene zizindikiro matenda ndi kuwonetseredwa makamaka pakhosi.

pathogenesis

The pharynx isanafalikire formations ambiri lymphoid. Tonsils (kudzikundikira minofu lymphoid mu mucosa wa pharynx ndi) mbali yofunika kuteteza thupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tonsils pharyngeal mphete "kudziŵitsa" chitetezo cha m'thupi pa chikhalidwe cha Antigen kuti ingested ndi chakudya, madzi ndi mpweya. Komanso, izi Antigen kupita zosiyanasiyana za lymphocytes maselo awo effector amene amayambitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kotero dongosolo pharyngeal lymphoid anali mbali yaikulu ya pathogenesis matenda opatsirana. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mucosa wa tonsils ndi lymphoid pharyngeal mphete ali indentations ambiri (crypts) ndi makutu, amene ali saprophytic ndi tizilombo microflora: streptococci ndi staphylococci, sartsiny, actinomycetes, Pasteurella, bowa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, ndipo mabakiteriya ena. Koma microflora m'madera amenewa si zimaswana chifukwa kukhudzana ndi zinthu ma ndi humoral wa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Izi zimasunga bwino pakati macro- ndi yaying'ono-zamoyo. Komabe, kuchepetsa kulimbikira yaikulu ya thupi lake ndi zimagwirira wotetezera pa pharynx mchikakamizo cha zinthu etiological amalenga pa chitukuko cha microflora ndi patsogolo ntchito zake tizilombo. Tizilombo ndi metabolites awo kagayidwe kachakudya limakhumudwitsa Kakhungu mucous, umalowa mu amygdala ndi chifukwa kutupa mu iwo. Zamgululi kutupa ndi poizoni tating'onoting'ono ali odzipereka mu magazi ndi chifukwa kuledzera, limene pali malungo, chatsika chikhalidwe ambiri, kuchuluka lymph mfundo dera. tonsils chofuna sanamvetse kutumikira ntchito ndi zoteteza ndipo akhoza gated kwa malowedwe a microflora, zomwe zimabweretsa chitukuko cha sepsis mu thupi.

Strep zapakhosi ana limodzi ndi zilonda zapakhosi, hyperthermia, kutupa kwa tonsils, lymph mfundo achuluke mwachikondi. The atengeke ambiri ana zaka 4-11 zakubadwa. Kutsimikiza matenda m'pofunika phunziro bacteriological.

Odwala ndi matenda a "kutupa pakhosi" chithandizo kutumikiridwa ntchito mankhwala antibacterial, enveloping njira, otonthoza sakumvetsa pakhosi ndi chofuna mucosa.