Chifukwa cha zimene Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi chakumene, liti? The zotsatira za Chernobyl kuphulika

The Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu kwa iwo. V. I. Lenina - Chiyukireniya NPP anasiya ntchito yake mogwirizana ndi kuphulika pa Unit chiwerengero 4. yomanga Zake anayamba m'chaka cha 1970, ndipo patapita zaka 7, iye anayikidwa mu ntchito. Ndi 1986, siteshoni munali midadada anayi, amene anamaliza awiri. Pamene Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi chakumene, kapena kani, mmodzi wa fakitaleyo, ntchito yake anali saletsa. Panopa tikukonza wa sarcophagus, amene zikakwaniritsidwa ndi 2015.

Kufotokozera siteshoni

1970-1981 gg. - pakali pano, ndi mayunitsi asanu awiri amene analibe nthawi kuthamanga mpaka 1986 chifukwa yozizira turbines ndi kuzizira kutentha pakati pa mtsinje Pripyat ndi Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu inamangidwa kudzaza dziwe inamangidwa.

Pamaso ngozi, opangira magetsi ikuyambitsa anali 6,000 MW. Panopa ntchito yofuna kusintha Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera ndi kumanga zachilengedwe otetezeka.

Yambani ntchito yomanga

Kuti musankhe malo oyenera pomanga woyamba nyukiliya magetsi anayambitsa kapangidwe anafufuza likulu Chiyukireniya Kyiv, Zhytomyr ndi Vinnytsia dera. Malo yabwino kwambiri kudera kumanja ya pa Pripyat Mtsinje. m'dziko limene anayamba kumanga ndi wosabereka, koma amafuna kuti ntchito yokonza nyukiliya magetsi ndi kwathunthu zogwirizana. Kudera limeneli kwavomelezedwa ndi Commission State zaumisiri wa USSR ndi Utumiki wa Mphamvu Chiyukireniya.

February 1970 chinali chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga Pripyat. mzindawu polenga kwa makampani mphamvu. mfundo ndi yakuti zaka zoyambirira za atumiki siteshoni ankakhala m'zipinda zogona ndi nyumba lendi ku midzi yapafupi kuti Chernobyl. Kuti nchito ya mabanja awo Pripyat, anamanga zosiyanasiyana makampani. Choncho, zaka 16 wa kuli mumzinda anali okonzeka ndi zonse zofunikira pa moyo wabwino anthu.

kuwonongeka 1986

Pa 01:23 usiku pa April 26 1986 , izo anayamba mayeso ntchito turbogenerator 4 mphamvu, chifukwa cha zomwe Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi chakumene. Chifukwa cha nyumba anakomoka, panali oposa 30 moto. Akuvutika woyamba anali V. Hodemchuk - woyendetsa mwa mapampu kufalitsa, ndipo B. Shashenok - wantchito wa kampani kutumidwa.

mphindi A Patatha zimene zinachitika pa Chernobyl ntchito Protection Kudziwitsidwa kuphulika lapansi. Posachedwapa kusiteshoni ya moto anafika. Kucotsa mtsogoleri wasankhidwa V. Pravik. Mu ntchito mwaluso iyo inaleka kufala kwa moto.

Pamene Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi chakumene chilengedwe wakhala zakhudzana ndi zinthu nyukiliya monga:

- nyukiliyazo basi, ureniamu, ayodini-131 (theka moyo kumatenga za 8 masiku);

- cesium 134 (theka moyo - zaka 2);

- cesium 137 (zaka 17 mpaka 30);

- strontium-90 (zaka 28).

The chodabwitsa lonse la tsokalo kwagona kuti anthu a Pripyat, Chernobyl, komanso Soviet Union kwa nthawi yaitali obisika chifukwa chakumene Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi ndi ndani.

ngozi Gwero

April 25 4 TH riyakitala ankayenera kuti tsekani chifukwa tikukonza zonse, koma m'malo anaganiza kuchita mayeso. Anali kuchita chilengedwe cha zochitika mwadzidzidzi imene siteshoni udzalefuka kuthana ndi vutolo. Zikatero panthawiyo anali kale anayi, koma izi chinachake nthawi chalakwika ...

Chifukwa choyamba ndi chachikulu kuphulika kwa Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu - ndi kunyalanyaza ndi unprofessional maganizo ndodo kwa kuyesera yowopsa. Antchito amapereka mphamvu mphamvu 200 MW, zimene zinachititsa kuti kudziletsa poizoni.

Ngati kanthu zinachitika, ndodo adayang'anisisa powonekera, osati mupewe ulamuliro ndodo ntchito ndi dinani A3-5 - kuchipatala kupha riyakitala. Chifukwa chilichonse mu Unit anayamba ndi kusalankhula unyolo anachita, nchifukwa chake chakumene Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu.

Madzulo (padziko 20.00) mu holo chapakati pakhala moto kwambiri. Kuti kuzimitsa moto anthu pa nthawi ino si anakopeka. inathetsedwa mothandizidwa a ndege za helikoputala.

Pakuti nthawi zonse, kupatula ogwira moto ndi mbewu, pafupifupi 600 zikwi. Anthu anali nawo ntchito yopulumutsa.

Chifukwa cha zimene chakumene Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu? Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zachititsa kuti izi:

- kuyesera anali kuonedwa kuti zivute zitani, kaya kusintha mwadzidzidzi mu khalidwe la riyakitala ndi;

- decommissioning chitetezo njira zamakono ogwira ntchito, zimene kupanga mphamvu kusiya ndi kupewa ngozi;

- kasamalidwe asiye chomera lonse tsoka, komanso zifukwa chifukwa chimene Chernobyl nyukiliya magetsi chakumene.

zotsatira

Chifukwa cha kuchotsa zotsatira za kufala kwa zinthu nyukiliya ku firefighters 134 ndi antchito siteshoni anayamba matenda poizoni 28 a iwo anafa mu mwezi kuchokera ngozi.

Zizindikiro cheza anali kusanza ndi kufooka. Choyamba, thandizo anawamasulira madokotala siteshoni, ndipo pambuyo kuti anthuwo kuwapititsa ku zipatala za Moscow.

Pa mtengo wa opulumutsa moyo wake sankaloledwa moto kusintha kwa unit lachitatu. Chifukwa kufala ichi cha moto kupewa mu midadada oyandikana. Ngati Kuthetsa si kwambiri, kuphulika lachiwiri olumpha mphamvu woyamba nthawi 10!

Ngozi September 9, 1982

Kufikira tsiku limene linaphulika Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera, analembedwa mu nkhani ya kuwonongedwa pa Unit №1. Pa mayeso kutha kwa mmodzi wa mathanki pa mphamvu ya 700 MW zinachitika ngati kuphulika kwa msonkhano mafuta ndi njira № 62-44. Zimenezi zinachititsa mapindikidwe wa graphite okwana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa lalikulu zedi zinthu nyukiliya.

Pofotokoza cifukwa Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu linaphulika mu 1982, ndi zotsatirazi:

- aakulu kuyan'anila za ndodo shopu mu lamulo la madzi mu mitsinje;

- zotsalira za maganizo mkati mwa mpanda wa njira ya zirconium chubu, chifukwa kusintha sayansi mmera umene akadaulula.

Boma la Soviet Union, mwachizolowezi, anasankha kudziŵitsa anthu ambiri a dziko, chifukwa Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu chakumene. Photos wa ngozi woyamba sanakhale ndi moyo. N'zothekanso kuti sanakhaleko.

siteshoni oimira

Kenako m'nkhani mayina a ogwira ntchito ndi maudindo unachitikira isanayambe ndi pambuyo pa tsokalo. Mkulu wa siteshoni mu 1986 anali Bryuhanov Viktor Petrovich. Patapita miyezi iwiri, bwana anakhala Pozdyshev EN

Sorokin NM ankagwira ntchito zomangamanga Wachiwiri kwa nthawi 1987-1994 gg. Gramotkin II kuchokera 1988 mpaka 1995, anali mtsogoleri wa riyakitala shopu. Panopa iye ali CEO wa SSE "Chornobyl NPP".

Dyatlov Anatoliy Stepanovich - Wachiwiri kwa Wamkulu injiniya kwa ntchito ndi mmodzi mwa amene amachititsa ngozi. Chifukwa kuphulika kwa Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera anali kuchititsa kuyesera yowopsa zomwe zinachititsa injiniya imeneyi.

kupatulana zone panopa

Mavuto aang'ono Pripyat lero zakhudzana ndi zinthu nyukiliya. Mkanemayu zambiri mu nthaka, nyumba, kunkhondo, ndipo zamkati ena. M'tauni ya maofesi alipo tabadwa siteshoni ya fluoridation madzi, ndi wapadera chipinda zovala, garaja ndi PPC malonda. Pambuyo ngozi, Pripyat, oddly mokwanira, sanataye udindo mzinda.

Ndi Chernobyl zinthu n'zosiyana kwambiri. Ndi bwino kuti moyo, pali anthu woyang'anira siteshoni, ndi otchedwa ankakhala. Town lero - ndi utsogoleri kupatulana zone pakati kasamalidwe. Chernobyl limafotokoza palokha ndi ogwira ntchito amene amathandiza mu chikhalidwe zachilengedwe-otetezeka madera ozungulira. Olimba za vuto lagona mu ulamuliro wa radionuclides mu mtsinje Pripyat ndi airspace. mzinda ndi ntchito ya Utumiki wa Affairs Internal, amene ali ndi udindo kuteteza zone chowasiyanitsa ku kulowerera oletsedwa.