Russian zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya

Zochitika zam'mbuyomu zikusonyeza kuti kusintha zina zina mphamvu chofunika kwa zaka. Choncho, mtengo linasintha ndi khala, khala - mafuta, mafuta - mpweya, ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya chafika m'malo utsi mankhwala. Poyambira a mbiri yakale lophunzira mtundu atsopano a mphamvu zikhoza kuonedwa kuti 1939, pamene iwo anatsegula fission wa ureniamu. Zinali ndiye kuti I. V. Kurchatovym analungamitsidwa kufunika kafukufuku zokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya.

Patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mu Rho SMAI anamanga ndi anapezerapo woyamba riyakitala nyukiliya akali experimental. Anayamba chitukuko cha mafakitale ureniamu migodi, cholinga chimene anali kupanga nyukiliyazo basi-239 ndi ureniamu-235 (mafuta nyukiliya omwe amafunika nyukiliya zomera mphamvu).

Mu 1954 iye anayambitsa nyukiliya magetsi mu Obninsk. Mfundo zimenezi nyukiliya zomera mphamvu, dziko linayamba kudziwika.

Patatha zaka zitatu, wakhala anapezerapo pa lodziwika bwino Chombo "Lenin", omwe anakhala woyamba chombo nyukiliya dziko.

Iwo anatenga yekha khumi ndi theka pa chitukuko zikuluzikulu kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya. Tsopano zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya anamanga padziko lonse.

Mphamvu - injini, mwala wapangodya. Pafupifupi onse ndi ubwino wa chitukuko ku pulayimale kuti adzabweretse babu, danga kafukufuku, amafuna wina kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Ndipo kwambiri wotchipa mphamvu kotunga lero mphamvu za nyukiliya. Mphamvu ya atomu kenako ntchito mwamtheradi m'magulu onse a chuma masiku ano. Ndi ntchito zamoyo, mankhwala, ulimi, kupanga zitsulo, luso lopanga, ndi zina zotero.

Pafupifupi onse nyukiliya zomera mphamvu Russia zikumangidwa m'madera amene kuli anthu. Mu ntchito zomera mphamvu tsopano 10 (mphamvu wagawo 32, mu dongosolo - yomanga mathanki wina 26, awiri - akuyandama). Mu zone 30 kilometre, pafupi izo, ndi kunyumba kwa mozungulira 5 miliyoni. Man.

Mphamvu ya ubwino angatsutse zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya kwambiri, koma sitingakane ndi minuses.

Kuti ntchito kumafuna chilengedwe cha Madamu lalikulu hydropower yomwe inandikuta timapepala malo aakulu achonde ku mabanki mtsinje. madzi patsogolo wotaya ubwino wake, kulimbikitsa, nayenso mavuto ena okhudzana ndi madzi, nsomba, makampani yopuma. Koma chinthu chachikulu apa pambuyo pa zonse - mavuto a zachilengedwe. Matenthedwe mphamvu okwerera pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuwononga chilengedwe padziko lapansi achilengedwe, biosphere. Mwakuwoneka vuto lililonse ntchito NPP akatsimikizire yosiyanasiyana kuipitsa. Koma mwanjira musatero pa moto, komanso ali ngati kuipitsa. Padziko lonse, anamanga pa zana zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndipo% 10 okha kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya - mu Russia, aliyense amagetsi - mathanki kwambiri. mankhwala ntchito makina amene - zinyalala za nyukiliya kukumana ndi mavuto. Kumene, kuchuluka zinyansi ndi laling'ono, awasungira "kukonza" mu muli wapadera, monga akuletsa kutayikira. Ndipo mayiko ena (Russia kuphatikiza ..) Ngakhale akonzanso zinyansi izi, koma chiopsezo Zatsala, kotero - akhala kalipokalipo.

Popeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa woyamba nyukiliya magetsi anali oposa zana zosiyanasiyana zochitika mwamphamvu. Ngakhale kuti mawu akuti "kusinthasintha kuopsa" mwina zosayenera, - zotsatira sizingasinthe akhoza kukhala aliyense, ngakhale pang'ono wonongeka NPP ...