Chidziwitso - chidziwitso ichi ... School. Knowledge m'deralo. Kuyesa nzeru zanu

Chidziwitso - izi ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana kuti ali ndi matanthauzo angapo, akalumikidzidwa osiyana, milingo ndi makhalidwe. ndi amadziwika chifukwa cha nzeru kusukulu? m'madera Kodi iwo kuphimba? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kufufuza chidziwitso? Tiyeni tiyambe ndi Cholinga chenicheni.

chidziwitso

Nawa anayi matanthauzo zofunika:

1. Chidziwitso - mitundu imene pali zotsatira za ntchito anthu, umalimbana chidziwitso.
2. Mu yotakata, tinganene kuti, chidziwitso amatchedwa munthu, zotengera malingaliridwe view zenizeni munthu, unazunguliridwa mu mawonekedwe mfundo ndi matanthauzo.
3. Makamaka, yopapatiza tanthauzo la chidziwitso - ndi mfundo zodalirika kuti amathandiza kuthetsa vutoli.
4. Chidziwitso cha chinthu chilichonse - dongosolo la zokhudza izo, kumakuthandizani ntchito katunduyo kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira ankafuna.

Knowledge sindiye ikukhudzana bwanji ndi sayansi, chinthu chovuta kuphunzira ndi kuzindikira. njira zimene mukufuna kugwira supuni, inu mukudziwa.

mawonekedwe a chidziwitso

Pali njira zitatu za nzeru; cilamulo, wophiphiritsa, luso ndi chitsanzo.

The yoyamba m'mbiri kwa nzeru za anthu imatengedwa masewera chidziwitso. Iwo ali kuphunzitsa ndi chikhalidwe cha inathandiza kudziwa makhalidwe a anthu munthuyo.

Mitundu ya chidziwitso ndi alipo ena ochepa:

• sayansi;
• chidziwitso sanali sayansi;
• lolingalira (wamba chidziwitso);
• mwachilengedwe;
• chidziwitso achipembedzo.

sayansi kufuna kumvetsa choonadi, fotokozani, kufotokoza ndi kumvetsa mfundo zosiyanasiyana, njira ndi zochitika. chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu - lonse, Kudziwa ndi n'loonadi.

chidziwitso Non-sayansi alipo anthu onse, nkhani kuti mfundo zake, malamulo, kunyamula olakwika a gulu lino la anthu. Kupanda kutero, amatchedwa esotericism.

Tsiku ndi tsiku chidziwitso - zofunika munthu amasankha bwanji munthu zake khalidwe Kodi kumuthandiza kuyenda zenizeni. Izi mtundu wa kudziwa anali kale mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha anthu.

Chikhalidwe cha chidziwitso

Mwa chibadwa, nzeru zimakhala procedural ndi declarative.

The choyamba - yogwira, iwo Kuganizira kupeza zinthu zatsopano, ndi njira, ma aligorivimu, dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya wokambirana mwakuya.

Chachiwiri - titero, chabe, ndi dongosolo la malingaliro za chinachake, mfundo, mfundo chinenero. Mwachitsanzo, pa kuwala magalimoto mitundu itatu: wofiira, wachikasu ndi wobiriwira.

Koma kudziŵa lagawidwa sayansi ndipo sanali sayansi. sayansi - zimenezi ndi nzeru wazotsatira apindulira pa anthu kapena ongolankhula - umboni ziphunzitso, mfundo.

m'dera Non-sayansi ukatswiri chikuphatikizapo kudziŵa monga:

• parascientific (gnosiological atakwatirana ndi muyezo wogwila);
• pseudoscientific (kukula munda wa nkhambakamwa, nthano, tsankho);
• quasi-sayansi (zikuchitika pa nthawi imene okhwima mfundo Ulamuliro akutsamira pa njira ziwawa);
• sikugwirizana ndi sayansi (mwadala kupotoza kudziwa wogwila, enaake chopezera kukhala mu nthawi Kusakhazikika chikhalidwe);
• pseudoscientific (zochokera odziwika bwino ziphunzitso ndi nthano);
• wamba tsiku ndi tsiku (kudziwa mfundo zikuluzikulu za umunthu chabe zonse kudzadza);
• umunthu (zimadalira luso payekha).

chidziwitso sukulu

Mu ndondomeko ya kuphunzitsa olamulira mwana chidziwitso, kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito iwo kuchita (luso) ndi automates ndondomeko iyi (luso).

Chidziwitso m'munsi ophunzira analandira ndi dongosolo, akonzedwa a luso lomwe anapeza pa maphunziro.

Monga mbali ya sukulu ya chidziwitso - ndi malamulo a mbali ina ya dziko lenileni (ankalamulira), imene imathandiza wophunzirayo kuthetsa mavuto enieni pamaso pake. Kuti ndi chidziwitso inu monga mawu amenewa ndi mfundo monga;

• Mfundo;
• lingaliro;
• chiweruzo;
• chithunzi;
• chibwenzi;
• kuwunika;
• zambiri;
• aligorivimu;
• heuristics.

chidziwitso Structured - izi zikutanthauza kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa iwo, zimaonetsa mlingo wa kumvetsa malamulo ndiponso mfundo zofunika kwa webusayitiyi.

Iwo anatanthauzira, ndiye iwo akhoza kuzifotokoza, kutsimikizira wolungamitsidwa.

Knowledge cholukanalukana mu midadada zosiyanasiyana za luso, ntchito, ndi zina zotero. D.

Iwo alinso yogwira - iwo amapanga zinthu zatsopano.

Munthu akhoza kusunga nzeru (kumbukirani), kubereka, kutsimikizira, pomwe, kusandutsa, kutanthauzira.

Afunika kudziŵa kuti munthu kuthetsa ntchito yapadera, kupirira vuto, kuti ali, iye ayenera kudziwa zoyenera kuchita kuti tipeze yankho, zotsatira.

maluso

Substantive ntchito chidziwitso mchitidwe - luso. Apo ayi, ndi chitukuko cha njira zochitira zinthu, amene anapereka, mothandizidwa ndi mtundu wina wa nzeru. munthu wawo (wophunzira) amagwiritsa, otembenuka, analemba, revises kutero.

maluso

Izi luso wophunzira, pagalimoto automatism. Pamene zochita anasankha mwadala kuthetsa mavuto oterewa mobwerezabwereza mobwerezabwereza, ndipo zotsatira zawo ndi zolondola, bwino, opangidwa ngati reflex.

Wophunzira, kupenda ntchito, kusankha njira yothetsera izo posachedwapa.

Kuyesa nzeru zanu

mphunzitsi ayenera kudziwa bwino ana aphunzira phunziro chuma, kukapitiriza maphunziro awo mopitirira.

Izi zimafuna macheke zonse chidziwitso. ntchito yake yaikulu - kulera mlingo wa chidziwitso wophunzira, osati manyazi iye, kuti akamkole pa umbuli wa zinthu, palibe luso. kafukufuku ayenera kuthandiza mphunzitsi kuti adziwe mmene ana kuphunzira nzeru kusukulu.

Mu mbiri ya maphunziro mu Russia panali ambiri zinalephereka akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa mayeso kumvetsa ndondomeko kotero iwo zochokera manyazi, mwamantha, anali zotengera malingaliridwe.

Tsopano tili ndi zisanu mfundo lonse ziyenera a chidziwitso.

Lingaliro ambiri a chigawo chino - control: Chizindikirocho muyeso, ziyenera a nzeru; cheke awo - mbali chabe ya ulamuliro wa.

Komanso mu "ulamuliro" ali ndi lingaliro la 'kuwunikira "- njira yotithandiza munthu aliyense' kuwunikira" - ndondomeko kuzindikira mlingo.

Kuwunika kuyenera kukhala cholinga, mwadongosolo, momveka ndi zigwirizana:

• chisanadze mayeso kumayambiriro kwa chaka;
• onani nthawi iliyonse mitu anaphunzira (panopa);
• retransmission, kuthetsa kuchuluka chifukwa cha nzeru;
• macheke pa zigawo Maphunzirowa (nthawi);
• komaliza;
• zovuta.

Afufuze ayenera ntchito zitatu:

• kulamulira (yachinsinsi cha nzeru pamaso pa siteji yotsatira maphunziro);
• kuphunzira (akuyendera pamene zikugwira ntchito mu gulu);
• kuphunzitsa (kumapangitsa kudziletsa, ntchito, azidzidalira).

zilankhulo

Zilankhulo maiko ena, anthu adatengedwa ndi munthuyo, nthaŵi zonse panali kuphatikiza. Munthu amene amadziwa chinenero n'kopanda enawo. Izi zimathandiza kumanga ntchito yapamwamba, kuyenda, kukhala pamtima, ndi zina zotero N..

Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi zoyenereza osiyana, madigiri maphunziro, koma chidziwitso cha awiri (zisanu, khumi ndi ziwiri) zinenero nthawi zonse adzakhala osiyana mzere item mu mndandanda wa regalia wake ndi kuitanira ulemu wapadera.

Pa nthawi zosiyana mu Russia konsekonse kuwalandira chidziwitso cha French, German, English ndi Chinese (tsopano).

Kuphunzira zilankhulo kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala m'gulu dongosolo la maphunziro. Mwana kusankha chinenero (s), amene akufuna kuphunzira pachiyambi kumene ndi kulidziwa bwino okhulupirika.

Nawonso mwakhama kwambiri osauka zibonga payekha ndi masukulu amene akuphunzira zosiyanasiyana (kuchokera pamwamba mpaka kawirikawiri ndipo aiwala) zinenero. Ena maphunziro imachitika ndi kuchigwiritsa, ndi maholide kudzacheza masukulu "kumiza". Pa zochitika zimenezi, sizikutanthauza mu Russian, kulankhula basi pogwiritsa chandamale.

chilankhulo kudziwa mlingo

Pali padziko lonse, amene amasankha mlingo wa chidziwitso cha ophunzira chinenero.

• Wamkulukulu - Phunzirani mu chinenero kulemba, kuyankhula - mlingo bwino.
• Pamene munthu ali womasuka kulankhula, kuwerenga ndi kulemba, kupewa zolakwa kakang'ono - motere mwaukadauloZida.
• Kukhala mawu lalikulu, luso kulowa kungokangana, kuwerenga malemba alionse bwinobwino ndi kumvetsetsa zili zina zolakwika, munthu anakonzeka Upper Zokhwimirapo mlingo.
• Pamene ine katswiri mawu zofunika, koma kale pali wabwino kumvetsera kumvetsa, kuwerenga ndi kulemba luso sizovuta mkulu, - Zokhwimirapo.
• Ngati munthu amatha kumvetsa, amene iwo amalankhula kwa iye (pang'onopang'ono komanso momveka bwino), nthawi yambiri kumanga mawu kalembedwe, mawu komanso kukhala kosatheka kulankhula momasuka - ndi mlingo Pre-Zokhwimirapo.
• Pamene Kudziŵako, zoyambirira zokha kalembedwe mawonekedwe, mawu zochepa, aphunzire kuwerenga ndi kulemba ali sunayambe - pamaso pathu munthu kudziwa mlingo pulaimale.
• Pamene wophunzira anakulirakulirabe timudziwe bwino chinenero, koma alibe kumvetsa bwino mitundu kalembedwe ndi kudziwa chabe mawu angapo - Woyambitsa.

Nthawi zambiri gulu umenewu akunena yekha English.