Kupuma chomera masamba zikuchitika ... The ndondomeko ya kuwombola mpweya

Mpweya - ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa aliyense wamoyo. Mpweya amafuna onse - ndi nsomba ndi anthu ndi nyama. Zingaoneke, n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera nsomba mpweya, chifukwa iye amakhala pansi pa madzi? madzi ladzala ndi mpweya, zomwe zingamuthandize zolengedwa m'madzi. Tsopano tikambirana momwe mpweya mu masamba a zomera amapezeka. Nkofunika kudziwa komanso kuti mu ndondomeko ya kupuma zomera sikumangotanthauza masamba komanso zimayambira, ndi mizu. Zonsezi adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

Kupuma mbewu masamba ndi dzuwa amapezeka. zomera, mosiyana ndi zina zamoyo kwagona kuti mitengo kuwaphunzira zinyalala mpweya, ndiko kuti, carbon dioxide, ndi kubwerera kutipatsa zimene tiyenera. Tiyeni chitani kuganizira tsatanetsatane wa nkhaniyi.

mpweya

Mukupuma masamba a zomera chikuchitika padziko koloko, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zimatenga mpweya wa mumlengalenga, koma ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatso za ntchito zawo, ndiyo mpweya popangidwa ndi dzuwa (zomwe zingamuthandize kupuma anthu ndi zamoyo zina). mankhwala photosynthesis kudziunjikira mu malo intercellular, m'pofunika kupuma usiku.

Kupuma usiku isiyana ndi tsiku? Ndikufuna kupuma tsiku lonse ndi usiku. Atmospheric mpweya masana mwachangu wolowera stomata ndi mphukira, mizu ndi tsinde. Koma zoyenera kuchita pa usiku pamene stomata atsekedwa nthawi zambiri? Apa pakubwera katundu wa anasonkhana masana, limene lili mu malo intercellular. Kuyambira pamenepo, mankhwala a dzuwa umaperekedwa kwa maselo onse a mbewu, kupereka ntchito kwambiri. Choncho ndikofunikira kumbukirani kuti kupuma masamba zonse zikadzachitika, ndondomeko angakhale osiyana pang'ono mu kuwala ndi mdima.

cholemba wina, ndi kuti kupuma ndi dzuwa - izo si ndondomeko zosiyana. Pamene kupuma zomera kuyamwa mpweya, koma ayenera kukhala zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuti imabereka zomera panthaŵi photosynthesis. Iyi ndi ndondomeko mwachilungamo zovuta zimatenga mpweya oxidizes (ankasinthana) zovuta zinthu zomera mu zigawo ziwiri:

• madzi;
• mpweya.

Kodi mtundu wa zinthu zovuta mu funso? Choyamba, izo nkhawa shuga ndi. kupuma ndondomeko amamasula wambirimbiri mphamvu zimene anagwiritsa ntchito pa dzuwa. Pa ndondomekoyi, monga ife tanenera kale, mpweya woipa ndi inakhazikitsanso, achotsedwa kupyolera:

• stomata;
• lenticels;
• mizu.

Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti mpweya woipa ndi kwenikweni amapangidwa ndi zomera, koma zedi ochepa.

kuwombola mpweya

Choncho, masamba mpweya amapezeka maselo a ziwalo ili yonse padziko, koma maselo zimenezi zilinso padziko tsinde la, mizu, ndi zina zotero. Koma m'pofunika kudziwa kuti yaikulu makope mpweya kumachitika mwa masamba a chomera. Mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, mpweya woipa akudyetsedwa kudzera kagawo maselo a stomatal zina, anatentha wotchedwa chlorophyll zimakhala. Mapangidwe mpweya, okhoza kubwera pamwamba, mu chilengedwe otizungulira. Ndipo pamene kupuma siziri chomwecho, mbewu amadya mpweya, monga pamwamba zimatulutsa mpweya.

Koma m'pofunika kudziwa zimene zili mu ndondomeko ya dzuwa kulenga lalikulu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndiwo zokwanira osati kwa kupuma zomera, komanso patsogolo chilengedwe. Monga momwe taonera, njira izi ndi zosiyana, koma mwamphamvu inakula. Zomera zobiriwira amatha zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi ayenera oxygen.

Kuwonjezera mpweya, zomera kumasula nthunzi ya madzi ndi amenenso kudutsa stomata lapansi. Zimenezi amatchedwa transpiration. njira yonse kuwombola mpweya ndi malamulo ndi kutsegula kapena kutseka stomatal kudula.

aerobic kupuma

Tsopano m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse kuti mpweya wa pepala ndi kwathunthu mbewu akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri: aerobic ndi anaerobic. A pang'ono mtundu woyamba. Thupi kupuma kumachitika mwa njira makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Amadziwika kuti pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zinyalala oxygen. Zimenezi zikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri:

• anoxic;
• oxygen.

Mu gawo loyamba, amasulidwe wa hydrogen ndi pogawanikana pamawere a gawo lapansi ndi. Chachiwiri pogawanikana pamawere maatomu ndi zina.

anaerobic kupuma

Kupuma zomera tsamba zikachitika, monga tanena kale, magawo awiri. mawu Tsopano ochepa kunena za kupuma anaerobic. Umene uli m'kati makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa hydrogen maselo. Chifukwa cha ichi amuzolengedwa ndondomeko zimatulutsa mphamvu, ndiwo malire kwa kaphatikizidwe wa ATP.