n'kofunika kwambiri zimene - kamangidwe kapena okhutira? Izi okonda buku kukangana kwa nthawi makedzana. Tayang'anani pa zidutswa kwambiri zachilendo ndi chidwi yosindikiza mwa kuchezera chionetsero thematic. Today m'dziko lathu pali owonetsera zakale wapadera wa buku kapena zina dipatimenti buku. chopereka zachilendo ali anasonyeza mu nyumba ya Russian State Library (poyamba Lenin Library) mu Moscow.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha zosonkhanitsira wapadera mabuku
Mu 1918 anaonekera mu Rumyantsev Museum mabuku dipatimenti osowa. Malinga ndi lingaliro pachiyambi, m'chigawo linapangidwa mabuku akale ndi wapadera. Poyamba, zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anali kusungidwa mu Rumyantsev Museum ndi nthawi anasonyeza yoyendayenda zisudzo mtundu. Ndiye, potengera mndandanda wa m'nyumbayi anasonkhanitsa mabuku pa Bukhu Komiti linatsegulidwa. Patapita nthawi, m'nyumbayi onse anayikidwa mu phiko la State Library. Lenin. Lero, ndi Russian State Library. nyumbayi atakutidwa mu chipinda lokongoletsedwa mwapadera. M'zipinda chionetsero cha zinkakhalira 50s lapansi. Chachikulu makabati mtedza, mwakemu, ndipo nyali kukongoletsa - zonsezi amalenga m'mlengalenga wapadera. Books sangakhale kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga mu mawonekedwe kukodzedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, kukhudzana ndi zikusintha, ndi zina ngakhale inakhazikitsa mu chipinda kuwerenga. Mu nyumbayi anali kwambiri zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa tikuonera mawindo. Ogwira ntchito mowirikiza kasinthidwe komanso kukhudzana asangalatse alendo kusankha mabuku ku nthawi osiyana ndi mitundu.
Mpukutu kuti malamulo bukuli
Akuchezeredwa alendo m'nyumbayi angaphunzire mbiri yonse ya buku monga njira yosungira ndipo akupereka mauthenga. Part chionetserocho laperekedwa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha luso pepala yosindikiza. mabuku ndi kufalitsa Russian Museum ali mu deta yake toyesa wapadera. Awa ndi mabuku olembedwa pa masamba a kanjedza, amtunduwu mipukutu ndi wakale. Siteji yotsatira kusanduka mu dziko buku - Code (kuchokera codex Latin - bukhu). Izi dzina la buku loyamba, linali la masamba angapo, ndi zinachitika wa lero. Paulendo, inu mukhoza kuyang'ana pa nyuzipepala, wopangidwa mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Buku Museum akhoza kudzitama dzanja olembedwa, ndi facsimile kubereka, ndipo makope loyamba kusindikizidwa. kusonyezedwa Special kumuuza za chitukuko cha luso pepala kupanga ndi zipangizo ntchito kulenga mabuku mu nthawi ya kale. Pali magulu zinthu zosonyeza zamoyo wa ulemerero wa masamba buku ndi chitukuko cha luso chosema.
mabuku apadera
Mu zosonkhanitsira wake mabuku ndi mabuku yosindikiza Museum ali ndi mbiri zachilendo. Bukuli za thupi kanjedza wotchuka m'mbiri. Ndi pachionetsero gulu lalikulu la mabuku, amene anali anthu a banja lachifumu. Mu nyumbayi mutha kuona kope loyambirira la ntchito otchuka zapamwamba losadziwika. Izi ndi mndandanda wa olemba kwambiri monga N. V. Gogol, AS Pushkin, WANGA Lermontov, ndi ena ambiri. Kunyada cha nyumbayi - zing'onozing'ono ndi buku lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Aliyense chionetsero ali ndi khadi ndi kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, kulola kuphunzira kwambiri mfundo zatsopano ndiponso zosangalatsa za lililonse mlendo.
Information alendo
Buku Museum adilesi ili motere: msewu Vozdvizhenka, 3. chionetsero ili pansi pa wa 4 wa nyumba ya Russian State Library. Pakhomo kudzera pakhomo lachitatu, mungathe kuyenda kwa kasupe ndi dolphin a. The pokwerera masitima okwerera sitima - "Library iwo. VI Lenin "," Arbat "," Borovitskaya "ndi" Alexander Garden. " Museum ntchito alendo payekha pa mlungu kwa 10,00 kuti 17.00, Loweruka - kuchokera 10,00 kuti 16,00. Tsiku kutali - Sunday. motsogozedwa maulendo alendo wamkulu, ophunzira ndi ophunzira sekondale sukulu mwa maikidwe. ulendowu amalipiritsa utumiki wa 1200 gulu la ana (15 ndi 1 m'munsili) ndi 2400 magulu a alendo wamkulu (anthu 15). Khomo nyumbayi kwaulere alendo munthu nthawi zonse ntchito. Ulendo utumiki chilipo pokhapokha magulu. Buku Museum zikusintha padzuwa, n'zomveka kukaona kangapo.