Crane ulamuliro ngolo ananyema: opaleshoni mfundo Kulumikiza

Standard ulamuliro ngolo vavu akutumikira kulamulira mabuleki wa semitrailer thalakitala pamene amayamba dongosolo ofanana. Komanso ndi udindo opaleshoni basi wa mabuleki mu nkhani ya dontho yovuta kuthamanga mu mzere. The actuator pa khamu ili - mtundu kuphatikiza (wina ndi awiri waya). Taganizirani kapangidwe, ndi chipangizo ndi chipangizo kugwirizana.

kufotokoza mwa chidule

Ngolo ananyema kulamulira vavu tichipeza zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Wophatikizidwa ulamuliro valavu ndi ofanana Gawo limodzi.
• Razobschitelnymi cranes awiri.
• A peyala ya mitu lumikiza.

vavu ndi udindo kulamulira mabuleki a semitrailer ndi, Amatsogolera wothinikizidwa mpweya wochokera konkuno athandizira ogula wotsatira zikugwira ntchito kapena synchronously kapena payekhapayekha. Ku malo awiri akulamulidwa kuonjezera mzere kuthamanga, ndipo umaperekedwa kwa munthu analogi kanthu n'zosiyana zokhudza dontho kuthamanga pa kumasulidwa osakaniza mpweya kudzera ndalezo dzanja.

A vavu cheke

ngolo ananyema kulamulira vavu okonzeka ndi valavu yaikuluyo, chomwe zigawo zitatu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono pistons akasupe. Avereji pisitoni membala ali ndi polowera valavu, mpando kupendekeretsa masika mwankhanza.

The zigawo zikuluzikulu otsala a mbali mu funso:

• Kabowo.
• The kumaliseche kutsegula.
• Stock.
• The kusintha wononga.

Mu disinhibited malo kubwereketsa gawo mosalekeza aziwapatsa wothinikizidwa mpweya. Chili pa zakulera ndi pisitoni, gwirani pamodzi ndi ndodo malo m'munsi. Zimenezi m'dera kuchuluka kwa chifundamtima. Pamwamba pisitoni gulu ili mu malo kwambiri chapamwamba ndi wosiyana mpando kubwereketsa valavu. Analogue polowera yotsekedwa ndi zochita za masika. Imodzi mwa mfundo za zikugwirizana mzere ulamuliro ananyema ndi linanena bungwe mumlengalenga mwa mipata kumaliseche ndi tsinde.

ntchito valavu pa braking

Ulamuliro ananyema valavu wa braking Kireni KamAZa ngolo amatenga mpweya wothinikizidwa ku zigawo unit ku malo a. Kuyambira wina linanena bungwe wothinikizidwa mpweya mosungiramo osakaniza kudyetsedwa kwa osachiritsika kulamulira, ndipo kenako zimatumizidwa kwa thunthu gawo. Pali zochita mpweya pa pisitoni bola ngati ndi pansi kuthamanga pamwamba moyenera pansipa. pisitoni Upper ukugwira pansi mpweya mphamvu kuthamanga ndi masika. Lilinso pofuna kukwaniritsa pisitoni pafupifupi mchikakamizo cha zinthu zofanana. Mfundo pali ambiri lodziwa kumene kuli kanthu.

Pamene disinhibition wothinikizidwa mpweya akatulutsidwa mwa dzenje mpopi ku zipinda mumlengalenga wodzazidwa. Pistons opanikizika kasupe ndi osakaniza mpweya angathe chapamwamba, ndi pisitoni ndodo anawamvera kunsi. vavu ndi amakadula ku una kulandira ndi zikugwirizana ndi mkati ndi kunja athandizira.

Oyenera mpweya wothinikizidwa amachititsa payokha makina ndi pisitoni ndodo oposa, ndi yaikuluikulu pisitoni mchitidwe pansi. Yotsatira ntchito mabuleki amapezeka mfundo zofanana.

Pamene adamulowetsa yopuma kapena dongosolo galimoto magalimoto nanyema, wothinikizidwa mpweya umaperekedwa mwa dzenje mumlengalenga pamanja ndikupeza kanthu n'zosiyana ndi kunja. Mlingo wa kuthamanga pa chifundamtima yafupika, kuchepetsa mphamvu yaikulu nyengo ntchito. Mpando apuma pa valavu kulekanitsa osachiritsika linanena bungwe kwa mlengalenga. Ndiye, vavu atsegula, anauza mzake ndi linanena bungwe lalikulu mzere.

Features

Ulamuliro ngolo Kireni Line Anzanu Nkhuntho mpaka nthawi imene mphamvu kuchita pisitoni m'munsi, ndi pa ndime ndi mmene ntchito kwa chifundamtima. Izi zimabweretsa servo vavu ntchito.

Pamene osakaniza wothinikizidwa mpweya imodzi kwa oyenera kuwalingalira ntchito, ndi kuthamanga mu chipinda olumikizidwa kwa zobwezedwa ndi mtengo kuthamanga kuposa phindu lokwanira ndendende a linanena bungwe ulamuliro (20-100 kPa) ikuchitika kuyembekeza mabuleki. Ukulu wa kufunika chizindikiro kuthamanga anatsekula ntchito wononga kusintha ndi screwing kapena chivindikiriro izo.

A umodzi chitetezo potulukira

mchitidwe zimawathandiza kukhala kuthamanga mu mlengalenga posungira wa thalakitala likhoza kuchepa kuweruza chizindikiro ichi mu kotunga mzere wa semitrailer lapansi. Komanso, kumathandiza kutayikira wa wothinikizidwa mpweya dongosolo pamene mwadzidzidzi kuchepetsa kuthamanga mu galimoto, potero popewa wosaloleka ngolo braking chipangizo.

Single vavu malamulo mpweya kulambalala pamene kubwereketsa kuthamanga ukufika 550 Pa. The osakaniza condensed umadutsa linanena bungwe mu kusiyana ntchito pa chifundamtima, ndiye - kutsogolo kwa valavu patsekeke. Kuchokera kumeneko umapita ku linanena bungwe la mzere waukulu. Ukulu wa chofunika kuthamanga chizindikiro anagwira kusintha wononga.

Razobschitelny Kireni

gawo ili nawo ntchito ya ngolo ananyema kulamulira Kireni motere:

• Iye ali ngati n'kotheka chimakwirira mizere pneumatic ndi aggregated thalakitala ndi towbar.
• Ngati inu anapereka chipangizo chogwirira pamodzi olamulira a Crane, ndi pusher angathe m'munsi, ndi vavu adzatsegulidwa. Mpweya mu wothinikizidwa boma therethrough ndi linanena bungwe logwirizana chitumidwa kwa galimoto kuti semitrailer lapansi.
• Pamene kuwayika cholembera kayendedwe amapezeka kudutsa ndodo pachimake ndi zakulera m'mwamba ndi mpweya ndi masika. vavu midadada anapezazo, atakhala Kwera. Air osakaniza uyenda kuchokela dongosolo kugwirizana kwa mlengalenga, ndipo zimenezi zimathandiza kuti disunite polumikiza mutu.

M'munsimu fanizo zojambula za Crane ndi, komanso zofunika kalembedwe ndi chigawo zinthu.

• ndi - chipangizo si yogwira;
• B - lotseguka tambala malo;
• 1-linanena bungwe la mpweya chikhodzodzo ndi ulamuliro vavu kudzera umodzi thalakitala vavu chitetezo
• II - chochuluka linanena bungwe dongosolo ngolo nanyema,
• III - mumlengalenga osachiritsika;
• 1 - limagwirira masika;
• 2 - valavu;
• 3 -diafragma ndi ndodo;
• 4 - kubwerera kasupe;
• 5 - plunger khasu.

mitu kugwirizana "Palm"

Awa ndi mbali ya ulamuliro ananyema Kireni ngolo Kamaz ntchito MAZ ndi "Ural" kachitidwe. Zochitika kutumikira kuphatikiza msewu kulambalala pneumatic galimoto ndi galimoto theka-ngolo. Iwo ali mutu valveless mtundu mphira chisindikizo ntchito kusindikiza mafupa. malo kapangidwe mulinso totsegulira kuti ali ndi udindo atagwira mbali mu malo chinkhoswe.

dongosolo Single-waya

Mosiyana ndi ziwiri waya mpopi ngolo ulamuliro nanyema, nyumba imeneyi imakhala vavu kulamulira, ndipo connective razobschitelnogo analogue L woboola pakati mutu.

Ananyema kulamulira vavu actuator ndi umodzi-waya umadutsa mzere umodzi, ntchito monga chakudya ndi ulamuliro dongosolo. Tikumbukenso kuti vavu ukugwira kuti ndichepe kuthamanga mu mzere waukulu, kuti n'zotheka kusintha chizindikiro kwa chizindikiro mumlengalenga. Ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuthamanga braking kumawonjezera Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta. Mbali zina za Kireni kumaphatikizapo: a pusher ndi mtundu zakulera analowa pisitoni mavavu (kudya ndi utsi). Pakati pa iwo ndi aggregated ndi ndodo kulumikiza. Komanso pali m'munsi pisitoni.

Jobs braked boma

Mu malo anafooka mpweya mu mawonekedwe wothinikizidwa amaperekedwa ku yamphamvu ya magalimoto nagawa dongosolo kuti linanena bungwe limene chikugwirizana ndi mpweya kudzera valavu kulamulira. Mothandizidwa kasupe mphamvu zakulera ndi plunger angathe pansi. Valavu utsi yotsekedwa ndi polowera analogi akuthamanga lotseguka kulola mpweya mfundo imene limaphatikiza msana ananyema kulamulira ndi umodzi-waya actuator.

Synchronously mpweya wothinikizidwa zimalowa ndi M'mimbamo apadera kuthamanga akhala ofanana. Popeza chakuti analowa pisitoni m'dera ndi zazikulu, limayenda kukamenyana siteji. Akafike zizindikiro kuthamanga mu chipinda cha ngolo ananyema mzere dongosolo la 500-520 Pa m'munsi pisitoni akupita pansi ndi valavu kudya ndi oletsedwa. Boma braked ali basi anakhalabe mu mlingo dongosolo mavuto 500 Pa, lomwe ndi pang'ono poyerekeza ndi chizindikiro chomwecho cha pneumatic actuator galimoto.

Kodi dongosolo braking?

Pamene adamulowetsa, ndi towing galimoto ananyema wothinikizidwa mpweya kuchokera kulambalala tambala umaperekedwa kwa vavu ulamuliro ananyema sali pabanja-waya mpopi MAZ ngolo. osakaniza chimadzaza ndege pansi pa chifundamtima. Pambuyo kugonjetsa mphamvu ya masika, chifundamtima akudyetsedwa m'mwamba pamodzi ndi pusher, ndi valavu polowera chatsekedwa, membala kubwereketsa chikuyamba. Mpweya akapulumuka kwa mlengalenga, anyalanyaza wapadera linanena bungwe tappet ndi kutsegula pa chivindikiro cha.

Analowa pisitoni amachita kutsatira ntchito. Ngati kukakamiza linanena bungwe ndipo anatsitsanso mu amachepetsa M'mimbamo ndi mphamvu wochititsa pansi pisitoni. Pamwamba pa chinthu ichi pansi pa kuthamanga kwa chogwirizana M'mimbamo zofanana mphamvu m'chipinda chachiwiri. Likulu, nayenso analandira mphamvu kwa M'mimbamo choyamba. Chifukwa cha kusiyana zoipazi pisitoni amasuntha downwards, nakoka plunger amene atseka a kumaliseche vavu mpando zenera ake. A kuwonjezeka wotsatira mu kuthamanga amachititsa mpweya osakaniza zonse kutulutsidwa kwa ananyema dongosolo waukulu semitrailer lapansi. Mmene pusher ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri m'munsi, doko polowera ali oletsedwa, amafotokozera kubwereketsa - lotseguka.

mode variable

Polumikiza ulamuliro ananyema Kireni ngolo zikutanthauza ntchito yachibadwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse za anatengera. Ndi limodzi-waya mpumulo zosinthika muyeso thalakitala ananyema interacts ndi mpweya mwa dzenje vavu anapatsa ziwiri waya actuator. Kuthamanga m'chipinda ntchito yafupika, ndi chifundamtima anagwidwa ndi pusher pamalo koyamba, kutchinga vavu utsi ndi kutsegula polowera. Mpweya boma wothinikizidwa kugwa pa linanena bungwe ndi kulumikiza dongosolo ngolo rastormazhivaya izo.

L woboola pakati kugwirizana mutu akaphatikiza limodzi pagalimoto msewu waya, basi kutseka dongosolo kugwirizana galimoto mu mwambo inadvertent disconnection mitu chomwe chingabweretse uncoupling ngolo. mutu ndi okonzeka ndi valavu, kutseka zochita za mchitidwe masika mu sakukhudzidwa ndi m'pamene otsegula mutu ndi singano.

Ngolo ananyema kulamulira vavu Wabco

Kuti nyumba zoterozo zili nyumba olumikiza makina Pangani "MUNTHU", "DAP", "Volvo". Pali zosintha angapo cranes. Taganizirani mfundo makamaka ndi kuthekera patsogolo.

braking zikugwira ntchito unit mpweya anadyetsedwa kudzera mutu kugwirizana. Mphamvu linanena bungwe umadutsa valavu mu wolandila wa semitrailer lapansi. Synchronously pisitoni opanikizika masika akupita pansi pamodzi ndi valavu. Inayambira ukhale amene olumikizidwa kwa pini opaleshoni. Pambuyo ntchito mabuleki thalakitala wothinikizidwa mpweya osakaniza wolowera kugwirizana mutu m'chipinda pisitoni.

ngolo ananyema vavu ulamuliro "MUNTHU" amatenga pambuyo kutseka kubwereketsa ku wolandila mpweya kudzera zotuluka kuti zonenepa ndi. Imodzi, osakaniza igwera mu m'chipinda chapadera, ndipamene mphamvu pa vavu. Pambuyo jekeseni kuthamanga vavu malire akutsegula cha psinjika masika. Chifukwa, mpweya amalowa yosungirako chipinda, m'munsi potsegula gawo la pisitoni lapansi. Pamene kuthamanga mwachidule m'zipinda zonse kufika amaika malire, pisitoni ndi akudyetsedwa m'mwamba.

zodziwikiratu braking

ngolo ulamuliro ananyema vavu "Volvo" pa yopuma kotunga mzere wolandira kuchepa lakuthwa mu kuthamanga, umene ndi katundu pisitoni atachotsedwa. Mu kasupe kukakamiza pisitoni amasuntha m'mwamba atseka valavu kubwereketsa. Pisitoni gawo ndi kayendedwe zina akumasula doko polowera.

Pambuyo mapeto a amalandira kuthamanga umaperekedwa kotheratu zonenepa gudumu. Pa breakage mzere ulamuliro ngolo ananyema vavu "DAF" ntchito mu amachitanso chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozazi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuthamanga mu dongosolo kotunga Kireni nazonso yafupika chifukwa kutayikira mfundo pambuyo chiyambi cha braking wa thalakitala.

malfunctions

Pali mavuto angapo omwe angathe kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mabuleki a. Kukonza zida ulamuliro ananyema Kireni ngolo ukafunidwe milandu zotsatirazi:

• Pambuyo kulekana kwa atsogoleri mu mzere waukulu ndi kutsegula wapampopi razobschitelnogo mpweya mwa zilibe kufika thalakitala.
• Poyera mpopi razobschitelnom osakaniza mpweya mutu wa mzere towing amapita, koma pambuyo zinthu mogwirizana wa thalakitala ndi mwa kundipatsako ngolo wogulitsa ndi kutsazikana.
• Pamene adamulowetsa, mabuleki ananyema pa galimoto ntchito, ndipo palibe ngolo.
• Ngati kumene mutu wa mpweya braking akapulumuka.
• Pa ananyema gudumu thalakitala chiyani, pa chipangizo towing kukhala mu chikhalidwe braked.