Buku "Mtima wa Dog ndi" mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi tsogolo

Buku "Mtima wa Dog", mbiri ya chilengedwe cha chomwe chili m'nkhani ino - mmodzi wa ntchito otchuka olemba Russian ya chiyambi cha XX m'ma Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Nkhani olembedwa mu zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet, molondola kwambiri kuonetsa maganizo kuti zinkachitika mu dziko latsopano. Choncho chimodzimodzi chomwe analetsedwa kusindikiza mpaka perestroika.

Mbiri ya kulemba ntchito

Buku "Mtima wa galu," nkhani ya chilengedwe chimene unachokera mu 1925, linalembedwa ndi Bulgakov kwa kanthawi kochepa. Basi pa miyezi itatu. Mwachibadwa, ngati munthu woganiza, iye anali ndi chikhulupiriro pang'ono mu choona kuti mankhwala akhoza kusindikizidwa. Choncho, chimadyedwa yekha mu mndandanda ndipo zodziwika kokha kwa mabwenzi ake a pamtima ndi anzake.

M'manja mwa boma la Soviet oyamba anadza mu 1926, buku "Mtima wa galu." Mu mbiri ya galasi ili oyambirira Soviet kwenikweni ankaimba udindo wa GPU, amene napeza pa Kufufuza wolemba 7 May. Mpukutu ndi analandidwa. zochitika za "Mtima wa Dog" wakhala akhala kumagwirizana ku Soviet yachokera apolisi. Onse opezeka akonzi lemba tsopano zikupezeka ofufuza ndi otsutsa zolembalemba. Angapezeke mu Russian State Library. Iwo zasungidwa mu dipatimenti pamanja. Ngati iwo amapenda mbiri ya "Mtima wa Dog" ndi Bulgakov kudzuka kutsogolo kwa inuyo panokha.

Tsoka ntchito mu West

Mwalamulo kuwerenga ntchito mu Soviet Union anali zenizeni. Mu USSR, iwo anagawira okha basi samizdat. Mbiri ya "Mtima wa Dog" anadziwa aliyense, choncho ambiri ndinayesera kuti ndiwerenge izo, kuti nsembe tulo tawo. Pambuyo zolembedwa zapita kwa nthawi yochepa (zambiri yekha usiku wina), m'mawa kuti anali kupereka kwa munthu wina.

Kuyesa kusindikiza nkhani Bulgakov mu West unatengedwa mobwerezabwereza. Mbiri ya buku "Mtima wa Dog" kunja inayamba mu 1967. Koma izo zinachitika wopanda chilema. lemba unalembedwa msanga, mosasamala. Wolembayo wamasiye Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova sanali konse amadziwa zimenezi. Apo ayi, izo zikanakhoza fufuzani ndi lolondola nkhani malemba "Mtima wa galu." Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ntchito mu Western nyumba akulengeza kuti iwo ali zolakwika kwambiri pamanja.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba inasindikizidwa mwalamulo mu 1968 mu German magazini "Faces", ozikidwa ku Frankfurt. Komanso magazini "Student" omwe amapangidwa Alek Flegon mu London. Masiku amenewo, panali ulamuliro osalembedwa malinga ndi zomwe zinachitikira buku luso kunja kufalitsidwa mu dziko lakwawo basi kumakhala kovuta. Chinali mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi "Mtima wa Dog ndi" ndi Bulgakov. Kupezeka mu yofalitsa Soviet ndiye anali chabe zenizeni.

Buku loyamba kudzikolakwathu

Only kuyamika perestroika ndi glasnost Russian owerenga anakhala zilipo zambiri za ntchito chifungulo cha m'ma XX. Kuphatikizapo "Mtima wa galu." Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi mapeto a nkhani ndi chotero kuti kunyumba ntchito, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1987. Izo zinachitika mu magazini "Star".

Komabe, maziko watumikira chimodzimodzi zolakwika buku zonse zimene nkhani linasindikizidwa kunja. Kenako ofufuza Akuti munali musanyalanyaze osachepera chikwi ndi misstatements. Komabe, mu mawonekedwe mpaka 1989 linasindikizidwa "Mtima wa galu." Mbiri ya lalifupi inkatha pa masamba angapo. Ndipotu, zaka zapita patsogolo nkhani anadza kwa owerenga.

malemba a pachiyambi

Ine kukonza Kalanga inaccuracy kudziwika kafukufuku uyu wa zilandiridwenso Bulgakov, kalembedwe ndi zolembalemba wotsutsa Lidiya Yankovskaya.

The awiri a buku kope la anasankha ntchito za Bulgakov , iye choyamba lofalitsidwa malemba oyambirira monga ife tikudziwira izo lero. Choncho linalembedwa ndi Bulgakov iyeyo "Mtima wa galu." Mbiri ya nkhani, monga taonera, sizinali zophweka.

Chiwembu cha nkhani

ntchito za kanthu udzachitika ku likulu la dziko mu 1924. Pakati - dokotala wotchuka, sayansi nyale Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky. kafukufuku chachikulu chimanena rejuvenation za thupi. Izi iye anakwaniritsa bwino kuposa kale lonse. Pakuti zokambiranazo ndi ntchito kuti kwalembedwa pafupifupi munthu woyamba wa dziko.

Mu kuwonjezera maphunziro, iye anaganiza kuyesera kufika. Kumuika munthu galu pituitary. Monga nyama experimental amasankha ochiritsira pabwalo galu mpira yomwe mwanjira kukhomedwa pa kunja. Zotsatira kukhala kwenikweni ozunguza. A nthawi yochepa mpira anayamba kuwasandutsa munthu weniweni. Komabe, chikhalidwe ndi chikumbumtima iye anapeza osati yochokera kwa galu, ndipo pa oledzera ndi snapper Klima Chugunkina, amene anali ndi pituitary England.

Poyamba nkhani anagawa yekha mu mabwalo maphunziro pakati pa aphunzitsi, koma posakhalitsa zinawukhira kuti atolankhani. Ndinaphunzira za izo mzinda wonse. Chiwalitsiro anzake kuti amasirira ndi Mpira amasonyeza madokotala ochokera m'dziko lomweli. Koma Filipp Filippovich kuzindikira zotsatira zake zidzakhala zoopsa opaleshoni.

Chiwalitsiro Mpira

Komabe, pa mpira, amene inasanduka wathunthu wokhalapo, iwo amayamba kungasokoneze pa chikominisi womenyera ufulu Shvonder dzina. Kwa icho Mzimu, kuti proletarian, amene akamenyane ndi bourgeoisie, kudzera mwa Professor Preobrazhensky. Izo ziri chimodzimodzi zomwe zikuchitika, zomwe nkhondo October kuukira boma.

Iwo amapereka ngwazi Shvonder zikalata. Sanalinso Mpira ndi Polygraph Polygraphovich mipira. Anakonza ntchito yothandiza kwa adani ndi chiwonongeko cha nyama yosokera. Choyamba, ndi, ndithudi, chidwi amphaka.

Kutengera Shvonder ndi chikominisi propaganda mabuku mikanda wayamba mwano pulofesa. Amafuna kulembetsa okha. Pamapeto pake analemba chidzudzulo madokotala amene anam'pereka kwa galu mu munthu. Onse itha choyalutsa. Preobrazhenisky amene sangakhoze kulekerera izo, ndi zina, achita m'Mphamvu n'zosiyana, kubwerera galu Sharik pituitary. Patapita nthawi, iye wotaya nkhope yake anthu ndipo anabwerera brutishness lapansi.

Zotengera andale

Izi mankhwala - chitsanzo wabwino wa lakuthwa Zotengera ndale. Kutanthauzira ambiri amagwirizana ndi maganizo proletarian chikumbumtima kudzutsidwa chifukwa cha October kuukira boma. Mipira ndi fano ophiphiritsa a lumpenproletariat chakale, amene, atalandira nambala mosayembekezeka lalikulu la ufulu ndi kumasulika, izo wayamba kusonyeza zinthu dyera.

Tsoka chomaliza cha ndiAmene nkhani Sharikova zikuwoneka zosachita mapeto. Malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri, Bulgakov ananeneratu misa repressions tsogolo la 30s lapansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iwo anazunzidwa ambiri okhulupirika achikomyunizimu opha mchigonjetso zisinthe. Chifukwa cha infighting wa iwo anawomberedwa, ndipo ena anatengedwa kupita ku m'misasa.

Pamapeto pake komanso anatulukira Bulgakov, anthu ambiri amaoneka yokumba.

Mipira - ndi Stalin

Pali kutanthauzira ina ya nkhaniyo. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti linali lakuthwa Zotengera ndale utsogoleri dziko, limene ntchito mu 20s m'ma.

Sharikova zinachitika mu moyo weniweni Iosif Stalin. Osati mwangozi kuti "Iron" dzina banja. Kumbukirani kuti dzina la pachiyambi la munthu kuziika galu pituitary - Klim Chugunkin. Malinga ndi mabuku izi, zinachitika kwa pulofesa Chiwalitsiro anali mtsogoleri wa zisinthe, Vladimir Lenin. Ndipo wachiwiri wake Dr. Bormental kuti nthawi zonse sizigwirizana ndi mpira - ndi Trotsky, dzina lenileni - Bronstein. Ndipo Bormental ndi Bronstein - mayina Ayuda.

Kodi prototypes kwa anthu ena. Wothandizira Preobrazhenskogo Zina - ndi Zinoviev, Shvonder - Stone ndi Daria - Dzerzhinsky.

Soviet kufufuza

Yofunika mu zochitika za chilengedwe cha chidutswa ankaimba ndi censors Union. Mu Baibulo loyambirira la buku ali maumboni mwachindunji ndi lipoti la ndale za nthawi.

Bulgakov mu mtima wake ankafuna kuzilengeza. Ndipo ngakhale anatenga kwa Almanac "Nadra". Koma kuchokera apo izo anaganiza kutumiza kwa owerenga zofunika kukonza mu Glavlit, amene anali kuvomereza zili wa magaziniyo. Kotero kudakondweretsa akonzi osadalirika.

Mmodzi Mabaibulo a pamanja anagwa m'manja a Kamenev, amene woyikidwa loletsa okhwima pa buku la buku la, anawatcha "kapepala koopsa lero." The ntchito samizdat anayamba kufalitsa pa manja yekha kuyambira 30s lapansi. Kutchuka ngati dziko lonse chapeza patapita nthawi yaitali - pa perestroika