Moyo ndi ntchito ya Bulgakov

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich anabadwa mu 1891, 3 (15) a May. Iye anabadwa mu Kiev. Makolo a wolemba tsogolo - Barbara M. (nee Kupemphera), mphunzitsi, pambuyo - Woyang'anira pa maphunziro akazi. Atate - monga mphunzitsi, iye anagwira ntchito pa Kiev Theological Academy. Michael anali mwana wamkulu mu banja lalikulu limene panali miyambo amphamvu kwambiri. Zilandiridwenso Bulgakov ndi mbiri yake, tidzakhala kufotokoza m'nkhani ino.

Phunziro sekondale, kumulakalaka zisudzo, mabuku, ukwati

Education unachitikira woyamba zake Kiev zolimbitsa thupi. Wolemba m'tsogolo maphunziro awiri okha zizindikiro kwambiri - malinga ndi chilamulo cha Mulungu, ndi madera. Pa nthawiyi ndi chidwi zisudzo (kudziwika Mwachitsanzo, mwa mtima "Aida" ndi "Faust") imati "nsangala" Saltykov- Shchedrina ndi Gogol tione mankhwala woyamba, umene ntchito Bulgakov taonera.

Mu 1907, bambo ake anamwalira. Mu 1913, Bulgakov anakwatira TN Lappe.

ntchito dokotala

Zapakati pa 1916 1917 - mapeto a University Kiev, kumene anaphunzitsidwa ndi luso of Medicine. Atamasulidwa kuitana kwa matenda, ndife chidwi wolemba zimapita kwa Zemstvo ku chipatala komwe. Malowa inali m'mudzi wa Nikolskoye (chigawo Smolensk). Ndipo patapita kanthawi iye anapita Vyazma. "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" zinalembedwa zimene zimachitikadi analandira nthawi imeneyi.

Khalani mu Kiev

Mu 1918 Bulgakov anabwerera ku Kiev, kumene akufuna kuchita yochizira matenda (payekha - mmene volnopraktikuyuschy matenda venereal). Panthawi imeneyi, malinga ndi wolemba, ankatchedwa monga dokotala utumiki zonse ndi akuluakulu onse amene wotanganidwa mzinda. Koma Bulgakov anathawa ndi Red Army, ndi ku Petliura, "chitani iye."

Asilikali utumiki, ntchito buku

Mu 1919-1920 zochitika izi zimachitika mu moyo wa wolemba. Bulgakov anali "asonkhanitsidwa" Denikin ndipo anatumizidwa ku North Caucasus ndi echelon lapansi. Apa iye anachita mabuku akatswiri: panthawi imeneyi panali nkhani yoyamba mu nyuzipepala ya Vladikavkaz ndi Grozny, zomwe zimasonyeza gulu la chifundo woyera, maganizo ngati "tsokali mbiri," ndi abdication a Nicholas II, etc. Iye wachita monga dokotala nkhondoyo. Denikin, kuthawa pozunzidwa mwankhanza wa Red Army, anaponya Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi Bulgakov kudzisamalira okha, amene anali ngati maziko kukhumudwa mu "comrades-mu-manja." Mr Mikhail akuyamba ndi kubera wofiira ntchito boma magawano paluso. Ntchito yake inali zokhudza Chekhov ndi Pushkin polemba masewero m'dera zisudzo, mmodzi amene, wotchedwa "Paris kuyanjana", iye anapita ku Moscow, modalira bwino malonda mu mzinda wa mpikisano.

Kusamukira ku Moscow

Mu 1921, Mr Mikhail anafika ku Moscow, kumene adapita kukagwira ntchito ku positi mlembi wa mu Dipatimenti zolembalemba pa Commissariat la Anthu. Kukafunafuna ntchito kumayambiliro a NEP, iye kawirikawiri zimasintha malo ake a ntchito: mkonzi mu Nkhani ya m'modzi wa mseri manyuzipepala, asangalatsi, akatswiri, etc. Pa nthawi yomweyo izo zikukhazikitsa pa minda, ndi limodzi nyumba, chimene kamodzi a Mlengi fodya. Nthawi zambiri mores nyumba №50 zidzachitika zosiyanasiyana ntchito zimene amapanga ntchito Bulgakov.

Mu 1922, Mr Mikhail kusindikizidwa mwachangu atolankhani - m'magazini monga "nyanga", "Ntchito", "Red magazini onse", "njanji", "Krasnaya Niva" ndi ena.

Cooperation mu "oyimba kamvekedwe" ntchito yatsopano ndi banja latsopano

Zapakati pa 1922 mpaka 1926 - mogwirizana ndi nyuzipepala pansi pa dzina "mluzu" ndi kusindikizidwa "Hava" mu Berlin Russian nyuzipepala, amene mkonzi - AN Tolstoy, panthawiyo anali sizinathe anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Bulgakov mu zaka 1923-1924 kupereka zotsatirazi awiri zochitika zazikulu. Mu 1923 limapezeka buku "Buku pa cuffs lapansi." Chaka chotsatira, Mr Mikhail akukumana L. E. Belozerskoy, atabwerera ku ukapolo ku Paris, akwatira.

Mu 1925, ntchito Bulgakov ukupitiriza. Zikuoneka "Diaboliad" - m'chigawo choyamba, wopangidwa mwa nkhani satirical. Ndiye iye akupita kunja ndi lanyimbo wotchedwa "The Dzitetezeni Mazira". chaka chino chinali chilengedwe cha zolembedwa "Mtima wa Dog" - nchito zaka pokhapokha 60 linasindikizidwa.

Fufuzani Bulgakov

Mu May 1926, Bulgakov kunachitidwa ndi OGPU kufufuza, kutenga pamanja pamwamba, komanso zolemba. Wolemba, kunena mobwerezabwereza anamupempha kuti abwerere zinthuzi ndipo si kupeza zopempha anthu, ayi, ananena posachedwapa kukakamizidwa mwa Soviet Russian wa Writers anakana. Pambuyo pepala ili, kuphatikizapo pamanja wa "Mtima wa Dog ndi" Bulgakov anabwerera.

Ntchito ya zaka 1925-1928

Mu zaka 1925-1926 pakubwera mkombero "Nkhani", komanso lanyimbo lalifupi lotchedwa "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala."

Pakuti nthawi mu zaka 1925 kuti 1927 ndi zochitika zotsatirazi. buku "The White Alonda" analengedwa. Pofotokoza za sewerolo "Masiku a Turbin" linalembedwa ndi kuperekedwa mu 1926, lomwe linayamba kuonetsedwa pa Moscow Art Theatre unachitikira pa nthawi yomweyo.

Kuyambira 1926 mpaka 1928 Mikhail Bulgakov, amene ndi ntchito kuperekedwa mu pepala ili, analemba kusewera amatchedwa "Kuthamanga" okha mu 1957, pakuwona omvera.

Mu 1926 komanso kusewera "Zoyka nyumba" analengedwa, amene anali ankachitika pa Vakhtangov Theatre. Pamodzi ndi "Masiku a Turbin," posakhalitsa kudzipatula chifukwa tendentious kutsutsa anzawo.

Mu 1928 - chidutswa chimodzi kwambiri kwa zisudzo ( "kapezi Island"). Adaperekedwa kwa Komiti Theatre m'chaka Komabe, ndi nthawi iyi pasanapite nthawi sewerolo inaletsedwa.

Kufufuza mozama Bulgakov zolembalemba kutsutsa

Zolembalemba kutsutsa mochedwa 1920s Akuti ntchito Mikhail Bulgakov a zikuchepa negative. ntchito zake zinali lofalitsidwa, simumasewera pa siteji. Mwachitsanzo, yodziwika ndemanga zoipa za sewero "Kuthamanga" Stalin, amene, mu maganizo ake, ndi "odana Soviet chodabwitsa." "Pepala Zinyalala" anaitana mtsogoleri wa "kapezi Island". The chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa - Bulgakov mbiri ndi zinthu za kale ankagwiritsa amalembedwa ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi maulamuliro Soviet, akhala wopanda ntchito choncho popanda njira, analemba "Boma la USSR," kalata anatumiza kwa maadiresi asanu ndi awiri a mabungwe osiyanasiyana a mphamvu. Pofuna kumvetsa zotsatira zawo, iye anafotokoza mu kalata yake malo wolemba, kuti iye ankakonda Great utasintha a Great Evolution, ndiko kwambiri zachilengedwe, mu maganizo ake, njira mwapang'onopang'ono mbiri. Pakuti nyumba Mihailu Afanasevichu mu 1930 April 18 otchedwa Stalin yekha, ndi chifukwa cha nkhaniyi, wolemba analonjeza kupereka ntchito mu Moscow Art Theatre. Tacit chikhalidwe cha pangano anali chilengedwe kutamanda ntchito ya mtsogoleri. Kenako mu 1939, kusewera linalembedwa wakuti "Batum", limafotokoza nkhani ya "mtsogoleri Young." Komabe, ngakhale zili ake kapena kamvekedwe ka mphamvu Nkhani sunawakhutitse.

Ntchito mu Moscow Art Theater

Chiyambireni cha ntchito mu moyo Moscow Art Theatre Bulgakov ndi ntchito zasintha kwambiri. Bulgakov kuyambira chiyambi cha 1930 bwalo lamasewera watumikira monga wotsogolera wothandizira. Ndi limatchula nthawi imeneyi moyo wake chilakolako Shilovskaya Elena Sergeevna (1929), amene anadzakhala mkazi wake.

Ndimasewera "Adamu ndi Hava" amapezeka mu 1931. Pa ichi ndi chaka chotsatira, iye analemba staging wa Tolstoy a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi dongosolo la Bolshoi Drama Theatre. Komabe, ntchito ili sanaukitsidwe.

Mu 1932, panali siteji anatengera Gogol ndi "Mtima Akufa". Anabwerera ku wowerenga za (pa dongosolo lenileni la Stalin) "Masiku a turbines."

sewero wotchedwa "The Cabal wa Onyenga" analengedwa mu zaka 1930-1936, kukhala mu 1943. Izi anali yoyamba ntchito pa "The Life of Monsieur de A Moliere," nkhani mbiri, mu 1932-1933. Inasindikizidwa mu 1962.

Chidutswa china, "yamtendere", linatuluka mu 1934 (osati lofalitsidwa mpaka 1966).

Mu 1934-1935 gg. kunja sewero lotchedwa "The M'masiku Otsiriza", n'kukolowekakoloweka mu 1943. Poyamba cholandiridwa mwa mgwirizano ndi V. V. Veresaevym.

Bulgakov akukana "rework"

Zapakati pa 1934 mpaka 1936 ikusonyezedwa ndi zochitika zotsatirazi. Pali sewero Bulgakov "Ivan Vasilievich". Zimenezi zinacititsa kuti rehearsals kavalidwe muholo ya Zotengera ntchito anali kudzipatula kusanachitike kuyamba ndi. Wolemba kuti kuchokera mu 1928 mpaka 1936, palibe chinthu chimodzi sanali lofalitsidwa, komanso pa siteji osati chidutswa wosakwatiwa, chomwe chimayimira choyambirira ntchito MA Bulgakov. Mr Mikhail amakana akukana "limasinthira", wamuuza (mwachitsanzo, "reforge" Wapolisi woyera aliyense kuchokera mankhwala "Kuthamanga" kutsiriza kunachitika choral nyimbo "kapezi Island," etc.).

ntchito Recent

M'zaka 1936-1937 "ed buku" lisanalengedwe (yosatha ntchito). Inasindikizidwa mu 1965.

Bulgakov mu 1938, amalenga kusewera amatchedwa "Don Quixote." Chiyambireni cha 1930 mpaka mapeto a moyo wake ndinapitiriza ntchito pa ntchito yake wotchuka, amene yofotokozedwapo lero mu malo oyamba, kuphunzira ntchito za Bulgakov - "The Master ndi Margarita".

Bulgakov mu 1940, anamwalira mu Moscow ku matenda a impso, kuti banja lake kumtundu (Adutsa atate wolemba).

Izi anamaliza moyo ndi ntchito ya Mikhail Bulgakov - tsopano anazindikira kuti tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Russian.