Bowa majeremusi monga kuopseza zomera mbewu

Waukulu mafangasi matenda a zomera ndi monga chimanga mitundu tizilombo monga ergot, mwaye ndi dzimbiri.

Development akuyamba ergot maluwa rye pa siteji ya n'kuwasanganiza, imene idzachotse tirigu khutu m'malo anapanga sclerotia wa bowa, tiziromboti, imbaenda zokolola kuchepetsa. Komanso, kukanirira mu sclerotia tirigu (amene ali poizoni) ndipo kenako naye milled kupangitsa poizoni anthu ndi nyama. Komanso, bowa izi ndi majeremusi akhoza kukhala mtundu wa udzu wa kuthengo ndi balere.

Ustilaginales majeremusi akhoza kukhala mu thumba losunga mazira a maluwa. Iwo bwanji umatheka ndi kukula mfundo, zomwe aumbike mwa khutu yokha, kuchepetsa zokolola kuposa kuwononga kwambiri kuti ulimi. Izi mbewu parasitic bowa vozdeystuyut pa mitundu yonse ya zakudya zachimanga, koma chikhalidwe cha zikuchitika matenda ndi osiyana pa mtundu wa zakudya zachimanga. Tiziromboti wamkulu ankaona lotayirira mwaye, kuwonongeka zimenezi peresenti khumi la mbeu. Komanso, izi mtundu wa majeremusi mafangasi a zomera kuthetsa ndi udzu wa kuthengo.

Kodi kubala bowa zitsanzo parasitic pamaso panu.

Fungal mycelium, osauka, pa limba akhudzidwa, amaola mu mikangano ndi zipolopolo pafupifupi wakuda, umene tsinde (earing) Bzalani Parasitic bowa angagwirizanitse maonekedwe charred.

Itamva balere lotayirira mwaye kukwera ndipamene kupsyinjika amphamvu ndi mdima misa duwalo spores m'malo maluwa ndi spikelets, ndi mwaye kuti ndipamene spores ake mwa njere.

majeremusi Ustilaginales zomera rye mapesi bwanji chikhalidwe.

Mapila pansi pa mitundu iwiri ya matenda: fumbi ndi bunt (yafumbi anagawira zambiri).

Tirigu chomwecho parasitic bowa bwanji ndi mwaye.

bowa Parasitic amene amayambitsa dzimbiri, anagunda mapesi ndi masamba a zomera, kuoneka ngati n'kupanga mtundu bulauni kapena lalanje, kenako kusintha mu zakuda kapena zofiirira. Dzimbiri amakhudza mbewu ndiponso udzu wa kuthengo, komanso mitundu ina ya mbewu. Ngakhale kuwonongeka mwachindunji kwa zakudya zachimanga weevil izi bowa majeremusi musati kubweretsa zimathandiza kuti maonekedwe a bwino wodzazidwa, mbewu mphwephwa ndi zokolola m'munsi. Dzimbiri bowa, majeremusi akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu:

- liniya dzimbiri (amene munalandira yogawa wamkulu mtundu);

- bulauni dzimbiri (zokhudza makamaka tirigu ndi rye);

- Korona dzimbiri (amakonda kukhala pa Mapila).

Dzimbiri bowa, tizilombo bwanji zomera zina, monga clover, fulakesi, Timoteo. Ngakhale monga foxtail ndi wheatgrass, kwambiri, simungathe kuwaletsa.

Koopsa imayambitsa matenda a bowa pamwamba, majeremusi wa masamba a m'tchire nakulitsa kuti iwo adzakhale chakupha ndi osayenera woweta nkhosa. Chitsanzo cha mavuto omwe bowa, tizilombo Tingaone chakuti peresenti theka la zomera matenda munali udzu ndi zovuta n'ngochiritsika matenda ziweto zina kutsiriziratu imfa nyama.

Bzalani parasitic bowa kupatsira ndi mbewu yozizira (bowa Sclerotinia). Kwa linanena bungwe la zomera kuchokera chisanu umatheka ndi masamba yokutidwa ndi grayish kale anamva ulusi mafangasi yemwe akanati kenako kukula mu m'chimake masamba ndi zimayambira mkati mu mdima, ang'ono (kuchokera millimeters wina sikisi) sclerotia. Kenako, zomera pambuyo chisanu kutembenukira chikasu, kufota ndi kufa.

mbewu Zima ongoyendayenda ndi vuto lina, yomwe ibwela iwo mu mawonekedwe a mmene kutentha. Chifukwa cha mmene kutentha ndi damping wolemera, limodzi ndi chitukuko munthawi yomweyo parasitic chisanu nkhungu, imene vuto kumachitika, ndi bowa Fusarium.

Ndi bowa parasitic muyenera kuchita wotsimikizika kulimbana, mwinamwake kukhala opanda chakudya, popanda nyama.