Erne

mbalame amatchedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: Steller a nyanja mphungu, ndipo serovaten ndi nyanja mphungu, koma zambiri amadziwika ornithologists pansi pa dzina Mphungu. Kamodzi mbalame zolusa anawatengera onse pa malo m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja zikuluzikulu, mu chete, malo m'chipululu, mu coniferous, deciduous ndi nkhalango losanganikirana.

malo awo achilengedwe ndilophanuka: kuchokera kozizira ku chipululu kum'mwera. M'chigawo cha adani amenewa amasankha m'madambo. Mu Ukraine serovateney anamuona pa Danube, Dnieper ndi Dniester anasefukira m'madera mu 50 ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza, mpakana m'dera sanasinthe kupitirira kuzindikira chifukwa cha ntchito yomanga okwerera hydropower ndi madamu.

Tsopano woyera tailed mphungu ali m'gulu la International Red Book, komanso mitundu Red Mabuku a m'mayiko ambiri. Koma ngakhale kutetezedwa ndi lamulo sindingathe kuthandiza mbalame wokongola kupulumuka: popeza mbalame kukaikira mazira unsociable kusankha malo zakutchire - wandiweyani m'nkhalango moti m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena nyanja. Ndipo pali malo padziko lathuli wayamba ang'onoang'ono ndi zing'onozing'ono, kotero kuti munthu mmodzi yekha kusaka chiletso silingakhale chipulumutso kwa pang'ono kutheratu. Masiku ano, mbalame akadali ikupezeka kulikonse monga gombe la nyanja ya Arctic, pa nyanja, pa Caspian ndipo Azov Sea. M'madera ena, n'kovuta kupeza, kupatula mu malo mbalame ndi tiakachisi (Kumpoto Black Sea Coast, Askania Nova ndi ena).

Koma m'mayiko chitetezo cha chibadwa unakhazikitsidwa mu ngodya pamwamba pa Raptors angathe anapeza zambiri. Mu US, mtundu amakonda mbiri wapadera. Zoona, mbalame zimenezi zikusonyeza pa malaya dziko la manja la dziko .... Malaya a manja a m'mayiko ambiri pali mbalame heraldic (mwachitsanzo, mphungu ku Russia, kapena kiwi ku New Zealand), koma woyera tailed mphungu - woyamba "dziko" mbalame dziko. Iye graced ndi United States odula manja mu 1782. Mwa njira, mu North America, moyo mitundu isanu chabe a mphungu, koma tailed litazindikiridwa monga kwambiri woyenera zikukhala dziko.

kunyada mtundu kuchereza chakuti Russian woyera-tailed mphungu ndi yokulirapo kuposa mnzake awo kunja. Ngati US ndi owayimilira Canada ya kutalika kwa thupi - pafupifupi 75 masentimita amuna ndi mita imodzi akazi, wingspan - wina ndi mamita theka, ndi kulemera - za 4 makilogalamu, kenako Mbalame yathu wingspan zimene zimatengera - zingakhale awiri ndi mamita theka, ndi kulemera - kuchokera makilogalamu anayi ndi asanu ndi awiri. Yaikulu m'mayiko athu zitha kukhala phiri mphungu.

Kuona mmene izi zikuwoneka wokongola nthenga, sikokwanira amangotiyang'ana chovala mikono ya United States - pali akufotokozedwa mphungu stylized. Koma koyamba Kodi kumunyenga: Ndipotu, ngati Griffin mbalame kuposa chiwombankhanga, chifukwa cha mlomo yakusatetezeka lalikulu waung'ono elongated mutu ndi khosi, ngati n'kudzagona ndi chopukutira choyera. Wamkulu woyera-tailed mphungu ndi kumbuyo woderapo, kuwalira m'mimba ndi khosi, chikasu mulomo ndi miyendo, maso Amber ndi wakuda-bulauni phiko nthenga. The chizindikiro chachikulu ndi mtundu wa moyera-mchira, imene nyama kungakhale nsangalabwi kapena kuwala bulauni kulocha. Ndi chizindikiro cha wamng'ono ka mlomo wa mbalame ndi mdima ndi imvi kapena miyendo kuwala chikasu. Onse amuna ndi akazi ndi mitundu chomwecho.

Mu Titafika pamalo ndi kumpoto m'nkhalango za zoyera tailed mphungu m'chaka aonekera, zouluka kum'mwera m'dzinja ndi kum'mwera Ukraine, sakhoza kukhala moyo wongokhala. Mbalame kumanga zikuluzikulu (mamita awiri awiri!) Awo Nest pa mtengo kwambiri ndi wamphamvu pafupi dziwe. M'chaka iwo kusaka kwa nsomba, akwatule izo kwa chiombankhanga wa madzi Komabe, pali milandu pamene ogwirira kuyenda pansi pa madzi kwa akuya ake. Ndipo nyamazo ndi waterfowl - abakha, eiders. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene dziwe chidafundidwa ndi ayezi, woyera mukam'bisalire mu kamakumba una wa marmots, agologolo pansi, ndipo mwinanso kumenya kalulu. Koma sanyoza zovunda. Kawirikawiri chisa anapiye awiri amene amatha kuuluka August. A angapo mbalame anali limodzi kwa zaka zingapo ndipo kubwerera ku una wawo, mwa njira iliyonse kunalimbikitsa ndi kukodzedwa.