Australia (dziko). Kupezeka kwa Australia. Map of Australia. chizindikiro Australia

Australia - Dziko limene ife kuwerenga ndi chisangalalo ngati mwana ndi kukula, kuyesera kupeza aliyense zotheka - onse amene akanakhalapo ndi kuchita zosaneneka - njira kamodzi pa moyo wawo kukaona dera limeneli. Only pano mungapeze nyama zobisika kuima pa mitengo zoseketsa, kusambira mu nyanja, kuonera amangokhala ali pikitipikiti nsomba utawaleza m'madzi.

Ndipo tikudziwa zotani zokhudza kontinenti izi chake, nyengo, mbiri, zizindikiro, miyambo ndi chikhalidwe? Ngati iwe uyang'ana, likukhalira kuti si kwambiri. Sukulu mabuku pa madera amatiuza choyamba Australia - Dziko kuti akhoza kukhala popanda vuto zimapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa mapu. Ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti mavuto ndi kuzindikira siziri chimodzimodzi kumeneko. Koma izi, inu mukuona, kotero pang'ono kwa Africa lalikulu.

Nkhaniyi si kuti dziŵani owerenga ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri NDIDZAKHALA kukonda dziko zokwanira kuyamba ndalama paulendowu.

Gawo 1. kufotokoza General:

Kukatenga lonse zindikirani mosamala. Monga mukudziwa, Australia - America, ili mu mmunsi mwa mawonekedwe dziko, pafupifupi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa likulu Russian. Mbali zonse kusamba ndi madzi ofunda kuti chisomo amakhudza onse mmene chuma chikuyendera ndi chilengedwe ku dziko. Mwa njira, osanenapo chakuti dziko lanu mozungulira Australia ndi amateteza osati mkazi amayesetsa kuti munjira ina iliyonse kuchulukana, kupanga zinthu pafupifupi wapadera nyama ndi zomera.

Mu zaka makumi ochepa chabe linakhalapo osadalira pa boma, monga iwo amati, tinapezanso mphamvu, ndipo tsopano amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu dziko. Muyezo wa amoyo m'chigawo kuti anali mmodzi wa apamwamba mu dziko, ndipo chifukwa kuyeretsa mpweya, ndi mitsinje ya anthu kuno kawirikawiri poyera matenda bronchial.

Gawo 2 la Australia Open

Pakali pano, timakhulupirira mbiri, tikhoza kunena kuti anthu oyambirira anaonekera pa Africa zaka 40-60 zikwi zapitazo, ndi. E. Pa nthawi imene Tasmania ndi New Guinea, akadali gawo la Chile.

Kutsegula boma zinachitika mu Australia mu 1606, pamene wofufuza wotchuka Willem Janszoon anabwera m'mphepete mwake sitima wake wotchedwa "Dayfken". Pa nthawi yomweyo, Australia walandira dzina la Chatsopano Holland, ndi kwa nthawi yadutsa pansi pa Netherlands. Ndipotu Dutch madera awa konse katswiri.

Kenako Africa anathamangira mndandanda wonse wa kafukufuku. Pakati pawo wotchuka kwambiri amaonedwa Luis Vaz de Torres (1606), Dirk Hartog (1616), Frederick de A Houtman (1619), Abel Tasman (1644) ndi Dzheyms Kuk (1770. Chifukwa cha zimenezi mayiko yokopa mapu mwatsatanetsatane wakhala wasenza ndi kutsegula zisumbu Australia.

Kuyambira 1788 mpaka 1901 Africa anali pafupi kwathunthu amadalira British Ufumu. Azungu anapanga njuchi, nyumba, akhazikitsa kupanga analamulira yomanga njanji mwa Africa lonse. Ngati anasinthira ndi zoonekeratu, moyo ndi kukhala osangalala, ndi anthu a m'dziko akufabe, inachepetseratu manambala. The zifukwa anali angapo. Choyamba, ndithudi, izo zinachitika chifukwa zosiyanasiyana miliri mwadzidzidzi linaphulika lonse la Afrika chifukwa cha azungu matenda amene tisavutike m'deralo, motero, sanali.

Komabe, m'madera ena a dziko kotheka kuona zochitika zomwe tsopano mosavuta kugwa pansi gulu fuko am'deralo. chakuti iye anabwera Australia woyera zambiri kukakamiza ana anasankhidwa mwa mbadwa za. Zolinga anathamangitsa ndi osiyana kwambiri: wina ayesa kuti, malinga ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi, amene anatengera mwana wakuda ndiye kudzamtsitsa naye kwawo. Ena chabe anaphunzitsidwa kuyambira ana ubwana zidule onse a kasamalidwe banja zoona, adapotolokera kwa atumiki, ndi kuwamana moyo wathunthu.

Final kulamulidwa ndi UK Australia anakwanitsa kufika ndi m'zaka za m'ma 20.

Gawo 3. Australia lero

Pakali pano, boma akufotokozera chaka ndi chaka, kukhala ndi kukhazikitsa asapita onse zamtendere ndiponso zachuma ndi mayiko onse a dziko, komabe poika patsogolo mayiko a m'dera Pacific.

M'chinenero cha boma cha Australia - English, zikuoneka, kotero mavuto kulankhulana pa mlingo wa mayiko ku am'deralo basi chiyani osadzuka. The ubale malonda wapafupi ikutsatiridwa ndi US, New Zealand ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Australia komanso yogwira ntchito yopereka thandizo m'mayiko osauka.

Gawo 4. zizindikiro boma la dziko

Aliyense chizindikiro chimodzi cha Australia kusankha, ndithudi, zosatheka. Monga mu dziko lathu, pali osachepera atatu: mbendera, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo. Aliyense wa iwo adzayesa kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane.

Mbendera ndi gulu anayi. Wamphamvu mtundu - mdima buluu. Osati aliyense akudziwa kuti ambiri chizindikiro Australia tichipeza zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu, wovomerezeka pa mlingo malamulo, - mbendera United Kingdom, the Commonwealth Star ndi a Southern Cross kuwundana.

Nyenyezi za chiwerengero cha limanena kuti amapanga boma. Nawa asanu ndi limodzi: Victoria, Australia Western, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania ndi Australia South.

Odula manja - ndi mtundu wa chikopa, zimene alternately anasonyeza zizindikiro za aliyense limati. Tigawire basi pansipa nyenyezi Commonwealth. chishango imayendetsedwa ndi nyama ziwiri lililonse m'dzikoli - ndi kangaroo ndi emu.

The fuko la dziko ndi dzina lophiphiritsira kwambiri - Zonena Australia Fair, amene m'chinenero kwathu Russian kumatanthauza "adzaphuka, Australia wanga wokongola." Mu 1878, nyimbo inaperekedwa wotchuka ndiwe Petro McCormick. Iye anavomereza pa umboni wa Boma, pamaso pa nduna nyimbo Australia ankaona nyimbo "Mulungu Pulumutsani Mfumukazi."

Gawo 5. The nyengo ndi malo mbali

Australia - Africa kuti atha kudzitama pamaso pa nyengo zosiyana kwathunthu. Pano, monga ife tikudziwira, pali zipululu naini. Mmodzi wa driest ndi yaikulu m'chipululu cha dziko - Victoria - komanso a gawo ili la dziko. Kukhala pano ndi kovuta - mwina tonse ndife m'madera omwe kumene mu mawonekedwe a mvula mpweya pa mphamvu ya chaka 10-15 nyengo, ndi chisanu ndi sizinachitike. Masiku ano si kupulumuka, koma mabanja a anthu wamba Aborigine, makamaka Kogarah ndi mirning mukukhulupirira Victoria kwawo.

Komabe, makhalidwe lawolawo la Australia sikuthetsa kumeneko. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti chisanu kuno ku Alps ku Australia, kugwa kwambiri kuposa pogwiritsa otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ski ku Switzerland. N'chifukwa chake m'madera monga Queensland, South Wales ndi Victoria, yozizira masewera kwa zaka zambiri m'gulu la anthu otchuka.

Nyanja kutsuka Australia, nayenso, zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe nyengo m'deralo, chaka kubweretsa zambiri pa gombe la mvula ndi mphepo ya mwera.

Gawo 6. Mpumulo ndi zachilengedwe

Ambiri, tisaiwale kuti ambiri m'dzikoli ali mchipululu, yosiyanasiyana maganizo. Ndipo kokha pa kum'mawa kwa dziko , muli mapiri, limene, mogwirizana ndi akatswiri, tinganene kuti osati otsika, komanso dilapidated. Dongosolo ili Hercynian chikudziwika ngati Great kugawa osiyanasiyana. Akafika mlingo wake pazipita kum'mwera, midadada ya mapiri nsonga monga Kosciuszko ndi Townsend, amene kutalika sadzachitanso kuposa mamita 2,200 amene anafunsidwa.

Mfundo wotsikitsitsa m'dzikoli amaona kuti Nyanja Eyre, ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo panali pa akuya mamita -15 poyerekezera pa nyanja.

Nkomwe aliyense angakane chakuti chuma chachikulu cha dziko tinganene kuti zake chuma mchere. Ndipotu, poyerekeza ndi dziko pafupifupi chizindikiro cha dziko anawapatsa nthawi 20. Iwo ali ndi udindo waukulu mu dziko chiwerengero cha zikuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, Australia muli malo 2 mu bauxite ndi zirconium, 1 - nkhokwe ureniamu. Lero mwachangu migodi manganese, diamondi ndi golide.

Ndi dziko lawo ndi miyala ya mafuta ndi mafuta. Kumene, iwo ali bwino sikokwanira kukhazikitsa kotunga malonda ku madera ena a dziko, koma amafunanso boma sayenera.

Gawo 7. zomera m'dzikoli

Chikhalidwe wapadera - Ndithu chimodzi mwa zifukwa kukaona dziko. Koyamba, N'zovuta kulingalira kuti mu Australia lero kunyumba kwa mitundu za 380 osiyana nyama, za 830 mitundu ya mbalame, mitundu zoposa 4,000 nsomba, komanso akatswiri apeza mitundu 140 njoka ndi mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya abuluzi. Mwa njira, ndipo pali nyama nyanja zambiri - 50 mitundu.

Mwina pafupifupi Wamkulu m'nyanja anamva lililonse. Ndipo zimenezi si zodabwitsa, chifukwa kusukulu timakumbukira kuti ndi dongosolo lalikulu kwambiri kwa mtundu umenewu wa chirengedwe chonse prostroennyh Padziko Lapansi. organic mawonekedwe kutalika ndi 2000 Km ndipo ili pafupi ndi gombe la Queensland ku Nyanja Miyala.

N'kosatheka kuona chakuti 80% ya zinyama inu sadzapeza kwina kulikonse pa dziko. Ngakhale wotchi koalas, dingoes, kangaroos, impish, platypus, nyama ndi wallabies kuthengo ndi chodziwikiratu. Aliyense chidwi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti apite ku imodzi ya nkhokwe zambiri zachilengedwe, anthu otchuka amene amaona paki otentha (Port Douglas) otetezedwa "Healesville" (Victoria) ndi paki zinyama "Cleland" (Australia South).

Gawo 8. Nyama Africa ndi pa dziko lonse mavuto

Inde, chidwi kwambiri Alendo ndi ndendende marsupials la Australia. Chifukwa chiyani? Chinthu ndi anthu a mtundu wa zinthu zamoyo zimapezeka kokha pa dziko lino, choncho aliyense wa iwo akhoza kuonedwa wapadera.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti ayesetsa zonse zotentha ndi boma ndi mabungwe zogwirizana, chiwerengero chawo chaka ndi chaka, akupitirizabe apitirira zoopsa. Choyamba, vuto la chinthu anthu. Chifukwa chodula mitengo, kusowa malo achilengedwe, nyama ambiri akuphedwa ndi galimoto kapena anaukira ndi agalu Pet.

Koma pali nthawi zina pamene akatswiri sangathe kudziwiratu kudziwa chifukwa cha imfa ya nyama wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, koalas imvera matenda osowa chlamydia, ndipo panthawi imeneyi, asayansi mwina koma katemera nyama limodzi. Kuti tichite zimenezi kawiri pa chaka mu nkhalango anatumiza mazana a magulu mongodzipereka.

Australia limakula ndalama yaikulu kulima poppy ayamba zisakuyenda kwambiri ndi liwiro lalikulu. Kumene, mtundu uwu wa malonda kumakhudza opindulitsa pa chuma, koma pa nthawi yomweyo amayambitsa nkhonya kwambiri kwa nyama zakutchire. chakuti mamembala ena a zomera m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu zimakonda kudya zipatso za poppy, ndipo pamapeto pake amagwa wathunthu kudalira kwawo, kukhala otchedwa osokoneza mu amati nyama. Monga lero, konsekonse mu dziko, anaganiza chitetezo cha dziko motsutsa ingress wa kangaroos ndipo nthawi zina.

Kodi ikupita patsogolo ndi kumanga chipatala kwa nyama zakutchire. Tsopano, ngati n'kofunika, kuyitanira wapadera msonkho-free chiwerengero kudziŵitsa akatswiri za akudwala kapena kuvulazidwa. bedolage thandizo adzakhala anapereka pafupifupi pomwepo. zipatala izi tinamdandaulira ochiritsira ndi mafoni, ndi zolipirira ku chikwama anthu. Ndipo monga chinenero cha boma cha English Australia, pafupifupi konse ndi mavuto ndi kupeza othandizira komanso ogula kuchokera konsekonse lonse.

Gawo 9. The zomera la Africa kum'mwera

Africa palokha, ndipo ndithu chilumba cha Australia, ali ndi zomera chochititsa. Pakali pano, pali pafupifupi oposa 27 000 mitundu ya zomera, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zilipo ndi zomera ochepa, toyesa chidwi kwambiri umene angatchedwe chipululu zokoma mtola Sturt, telopeyu, banksia ndi kangaroo mphamvu.

Apaulendo nthawi zambiri kudabwa ndi mthethe m'deralo, yotchuka wotchedwa Mimosa Australia, bulugamu, paini paini, mitengo tiyi ndi nkhalango.

Komabe, mwina chomera kwambiri zachilendo angatchedwe duckbill maluwa. Munthu wa mtundu mu kalasi zidzasintha nthumwi mbewu akufanana ndi ang'ono ndi nthabwala bakha. Koma mwamuna sawfly wawaona wamkazi, choncho nthawi yomweyo kuuluka kwa mlendo mwachinsinsi. Chifukwa, ndi mwa mbewu ndi maluwa mamina umatheka ndi tsinde. Ngakhale tizilombo osauka kuyesera lichotse olimbikira maluwa kukumbatira platypus, iye, nayenso, mowolowa manja lavishes mungu wake. Thawirani ufulu, aamuna ntchentche kwa zomera zotsatirazi, mungu, motero zimathandiza kuti kufala zina.

Gawo 10. Likulu Australia - chidwi kwambiri pa dziko

Only kwambiri, monga iwo amati, mwachirengedwe anthu savvy athanso kuyankha kuti mudzi waukulu mu dziko si Sydney kapena Melbourne, mmene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, ndipo wodzichepetsa Canberra. N'chifukwa chiyani tikutero?

Mafotokozedwe zikumveka wosavuta: Australia Mumalemekeza motalika kupereka kanjedza mmodzi wa mizinda iwiri yaikulu mu dziko, kuti pamapeto pake anaganiza kusamutsa kuti gulu lachitatu. Canberra komanso asankhidwa kale mwangozi, kamodzi midzi inali pafupifupi Midway pakati pa metropolises awiri.

Gawo 10. mizinda yaikulu ya dziko

Australia ... Mwachidule, longosolani dziko n'zokayikitsa bwino, ndi midzi yace, ndipo ngakhale koposa choncho. Chinthu chimodzi motsimikiza - aliyense wa iwo tinganene kuti ngodya lapadera la dziko lathuli.

Sydney - malo chikhalidwe kwambiri ndipo mwina ndi inextricably zapiringizana ndi luso ndi zipilala za chilengedwe. Chizindikiro cha mzinda, kaya mfundo ndi dziko lonse, ndi Sydney Quay akuyenda omwe, ngati am'deralo ndi alendo ambiri akhoza amasirira maganizo a Opera House ndi Mlatho wa pa doko.

Melbourne wotchuka zounjikika ake masitolo, masitolo kachikumbutso, malo omwera ndi odyera. Ndipo apa mungasangalale chakudya cha anawakonzera oyang'anira zophika amachokera pafupifupi m'madera onse a dziko lapansi.

Mu Brisbane mu malo oyamba ndi kupita kwa anthu onse okonda zinyama, kumalo osungira makamaka. Zikuoneka kuti chifukwa chake pali apaulendo ambiri ndi ana.

Adelaide - ndi tauni achisangalalo, padziko lonse amakopa alendo okonda magombe moyera-, azure pamwamba pa nyanja ndi wofatsa dzuwa.

Gawo 11. Zachilendo mfundo za Australia

• Australia - Dziko kuti ali mpanda yaitali mu dziko. Linamangidwa kuteteza nthaka yachonde ku tizirombo kuthekera, dingoes zakutchire. Kutalika kwa dongosolo mu nambala yaikulu kwambiri makilomita 5614. bajeti dziko amenewa tchinga mtengo, ndithudi, monga iwo amati, ndalama zambiri, koma njira yokhayo kotheka kusunga ng'ombe kwa adani wamkulu pano.
• Kodi inadza ngati mapu Australia? Ngati ndi choncho, mwina munaona ndi yaikulu Africa izi. Komabe, boma akuyesera kuchita zonse zotheka ndi zina zosatheka kwa anthu am'deralo apa anali omasuka ndiponso ndi zotetezedwa. Ndicho chimene anasankha pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa otchedwa "Kuuluka Madokotala". Tsopano, ngati n'koyenera, akatswiri angabwere thandizo, ngakhale ku ngodya kutali kwambiri m'dzikoli.
• Anthu Australia ndi zambiri monga kulima waukulu utakhala osankhidwa. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa mu Africa lero ndi yaikulu dziko ziweto limene msipu tsiku nkhosa pafupifupi 100 miliyoni ndi ng'ombe 16,000.
• zaka zambiri zapitazo, Australia anakhala malo m'ndende anthu 160,000 ku UK. Australia Open chinachitika, ndipo pasanapite nthawi anakoka pano zombo othodwa ndi akaidi. Osati aliyense angathe kufika kumtunda, ambiri anafa pa njira, osati kudikira dziko pafupi. Ndipotu, tsiku, pafupifupi 25% ya anthu wamba mwina amakhulupirira kuti makolo awo anali olakwa.
• Australia - kudziko limene ali ndi mbali yaikulu ya Antarctic, anasamutsira naye ku UK pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, mu 1933. Kudera limeneli miliyoni 5.6 Km ^2.
• Iwo likukhalira kuti kangaroos wotchuka moyo osati Australia. Angapezeke mu zam'tchire Scotland. Kodi iwo kumeneko? Chinthu ndi makolo awo kamodzi anabweretsa kwa Europe monga nthawi chifukwa kumalo osungira payekha, kuwaletsa kuti boma changotsala pang'ono anaponyedwa nyama zosowa pa msewu. Gwirizanani, ndi chodziwikiratu wina ganyu zoyendera kubwerera kangaroo mu dziko mbadwa. Iwo likukhalira kuti ambiri anali chabe anamasulidwa m'tchire.