Membala ogwira ntchito ndi ndani? Oyendetsa ndege zonyamula: zikuchokera, chithunzi

Adalira - lingaliro ndithu ambiri. Tinganene, kumaphatikizapo osati gulu limene limatuluka kumwamba, komanso anthu amene ali ndi udindo ndi ntchito yokonza ya bolodi pansi. Apaulendo saona zapitazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachita ngakhale kudziwa mmene anthu ambiri ntchito kuti akwere bwinobwino anawatulutsa kuti kopita kwawo.

yonyamula

Mbiri ya ndege zonyamula inayamba mu 1913 ku Russia. M'chakachi, bwinobwino anawayesa yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu ndege "Ilya Muromets", analengedwa ndi Igorem Ivanovichem Sikorskim. The ndege ankanyamula okwera komanso katundu natumikira monga yoponya mabomba.

Kuyambira pamenepo, zinthu zambiri zasintha mderali. Ndege onyamula anthu, kukhala zotakasika, ena zitsanzo imachititsa mtunda wa makilomita oposa 6000. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chingasinthe kapangidwe ndi chiwerengero cha mamembala adalira.

Ndodo kutumikira mwakwera ndege

ndodo zonse zimene makamaka zimatenga kuthawa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu ziwiri:

1. Ndodo "mseri", womwenso akatswiri luso pansi, Ngopambana kuyang'anira ndege pabwalo la ndege, Mabwana ndi antchito ena.
2. adalira. zikuchokera umadalira pa mtundu wa ndege. Zikuphatikizapo mkulu, co-woyendetsa, zomangamanga ndi ndege anyamata.

Adalira analola kuuluka, ayenera kwambiri oyenerera. Maluso a anthu awa ndi luso bwino kukwaniritsa zofunika chitetezo zimadalira moyo wa okwera pa bolodi bata ndi apamwamba a utumiki ndege.

chitetezo cha ndege lonse zimadalira Luso aliyense wogwira ntchito ndi mwamtheradi zofunika, izo limatuluka mu mpweya kapena kuthamanga pansi.

Zimafunika anthu oyendetsa ndege

Sankhani amene ali chiwalo cha ogwira ntchito, taganizirani ukachenjede mwatsatanetsatane.

Mu nthawi ya Soviet yomweyo pambuyo ndege akukumana anthu atatu kapena anayi adalira. Today ntchito kusamalira anthu awiri kapena atatu adalira. Kudzera chitukuko cha njira luso kwathunthu m'malo mwa ntchito kuyenda panyanja ya anthu oyendetsa ndege. Komanso mu cockpits lamakono ndege zonyamula zikutanthauza kuti pali kawirikawiri malo othawirako injiniya. Tinganene, zikuchokera adalira imakhala yokha ya woyendetsa sitima Co-woyendetsa, osati kuphatikizapo atumiki a ndege.

The chofunika kwa oyendetsa kuwayika otchedwa "zolengeza". Mawu amenewa amatanthauza chiwerengero cha maola mu mlengalenga. The apamwamba a "zolengeza", m'pamenenso anakumana iye ankaona. Pakuti mkulu wa ndege ntchito osachepera zidzatanthauza 4,000 maola chakuwuluka. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa manja ake kwenikweni ayenera kukhala chomveka woyendetsa satifiketi. Mkulu ndege ali basi udindo chitetezo cha mbali zosakhudzana ndi kutenga zochita yaikulu.

Zofunika pa ntchentche mu ndege yapachiweniweni ntchito kwa woyendetsa chachiwiri. udindo wake umatchedwanso mkulu wothandizira a ogwira ntchito. Pankhani ya ndime ya kuwaphunzitsa pa bolodi, izo sizingakhoze kutchedwa Co-woyendetsa. Nthawi zambiri Co-woyendetsa mu cockpit ndi ili mu mpando lamanja, ndi kapitawo - mu kumanzere. ntchito pakati pa akatswiri awiriwo zodziwika bwino. Aliyense amachita mbali chabe ya vutoli.

ndege atumiki

Flight atumiki nthawizonse zakhala amanyadira Civil Aviation. Today adalira ngati ndodo akuphatikizapo osati kokha atsikana komanso anyamata. Ntchito ndege atumiki zinthu zambiri:

• Zonse polojekiti ya kanyumba ncholinga kuyankha yake kuti zochitika nthenda.
• Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu.
• Achoke komanso mmene yake mwadzidzidzi, kuphatikizapo mantha pa bolodi ndi kugwedezekagwedezeka amphamvu, utsi, ndi ena.
• utumiki anthu.

Malinga mtundu wa ndege, okhalamo ake akhoza kuthamanga kwa munthu khumi ndi zinayi atumiki ndege. woyang'anira utumiki zambiri gawo la oyendetsa ndege anthu. kapangidwe kake anatsimikiza ndi malamulo, mtundu wa ndege ndi zofunika zina ndege.

Mu mpikisano ano yapachiweniweni ndege alipo mu gulu la ntchito zoyendera anthu. Choncho, si zachilendo kupeza m'ngalawa bartender ndi wophika ophunzitsidwa. Iwo ali gawo la ogwira ntchito.

Maphunziro ndi retraining ogwira

Monga ulamuliro, konse amafuna chiphaso kwa kanyumba adalira mu dziko. Kodi maphunziro kuvomerezedwa ndi chitetezo briefing. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuona kuti kusambira, mwamsanga mwadzidzidzi, kuphunzitsa mfundo chitetezo. maphunziro ikuchitika pansi kwa miyezi ingapo, kenako mudzaona. ndege ambiri kwambiri kuunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dokotala limafufuza thanzi la antchito, anthu a ogwira ntchito. Zikuchokera (chithunzi wasonyeza), umene Commission ndege, onetsetsani kuti monga akatswiri momuyesa oyendetsa ndi ndege anyamata. Madokotala Popanda mwambo umenewu bungwe sikuloledwa.

Ndi oyendetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iwo ayenera kukayezetsa chaka ndi chaka kukonzanso choyenereza womwenso:

1. Flight mayeso (amataya kamodzi pachaka).
2. pulogalamu yoyeseza mayeso ndege (lendi kawiri pa chaka).
3. njira refresher pansi.

Ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa oyendetsa ndi kufufuza mankhwala. Lamulo N'chimodzimodzinso ndi akatswiri ndege. Kwa zaka zoposa 40 za ntchito zachipatala chikuchitika pa miyezi 6 anthu osaposa zaka 40 - kamodzi pa chaka.

Adalira ntchito maola

Ntchito mu mlengalenga nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi nkhawa. N'chifukwa chake amene ali m'gulu la ogwira ntchito onse, awulule cha kusagona tulo ndi kutopa. Funso la nthawi yochuluka bwanji anthu am'gululo ayenera kukhala kuntchito malamulo payokha aliyense ndege, ozikidwa pa malamulo dzikolo.

Komabe, funso n'lakuti pachimake. Zilibe ntchito kwa ndege pa mtunda waufupi. Koma ndi ndege imatenga maola 10-16, vutoli anathana payekha. malamulo Common pa maola yachibadwa ya ndege yapachiweniweni akadali palibe.