Nyimbo. njira rifmovok

Mawu akuti "nyimbo" ali etymology zovuta. Amabwerera ku Old French mfundo kutanthauza "ndondomeko". Koma mwina mawu French kwambiri ndi chivundi anaitenga ku Latin ndi Latin chizindikiro, nayenso, amabwerera m'Chigiriki chakale.

Zipinda ophunzira Modern tikuuzidwa kuti mfundo monga nyimbo, rhyming njira Komabe, nkhani imeneyi stihovedcheskaya kwambiri waphindu ndi gawo lonse la mafunso ali chidwi kusukulu ndi wophunzira.

Mbiri ya nyimbo

Mulimonsemo, tanthauzo la poyamba akuti sizinali choncho, ngati izo ziri tsopano. Izo sizinali za kufanana phonetic mizere mapeto a ndakatulo, ndi zonse rhythmic. Apo ayi, izo sizikanakhoza kukhala monga ndakatulo wakale, mfundo, sanali rhymed, njira rifmovok anaonekera zokha zokha Mwachitsanzo, iwo nthawi zambiri kulowerera ndakatulo ya Catullus.

Koma kumvetsa ongolankhula ndi moyenera, zofunika za nyimbo kunali kutali kwambiri. Ndakatulo, kuphatikizapo Russian, anabwera amafananirako pang'onopang'ono bwino kuwonjezera chiwerengero rhymed mizere.

Nyimbo mu Russian ndakatulo zamakono

Masiku ano, nyimbo ndi khalidwe losadziwika wa kulankhula ndakatulo Komabe, ndakatulo, makamaka West European, kuoneka bwino ndipo pamsana kachitidwe - kukana ndime rhymed. N'zovuta kuneneratu amphamvu zidzakhala, pamene muona kuti lero tikulalikira kulimbana a mbali ndi adani a "chakale" rhymed ndime.

Mu Russian ndakatulo ano, iye anali umalamulira, ntchito ndi tingachipeze powerenga, ndi njira kusinthidwa rifmovok, ndi zolembalemba cholowa cha zaka zapitazi m'njira kachulukidwe ya vesili ndi rhymes sapambana woyera anali kutikonda.

Yosayambitsa kuti aziona nyimbo

Pokambirana za nyimbo ya basi kupewa ochepa zolakwa wamba. Choyamba, m'pofunika kusiya chotero tanthauzo zoipa, monga "nyimbo zoipa." Palokha izo si zabwino kapena zoipa, zidalira pa ndakatulo ya ntchito ndi wachiweruzo chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma XVIII Trediakovskii adamfunsa za olemba a chi yekha rhymes chikazi (ka pa syllable penultimate mu mzere), ndipo amuna a nyimbo (ka pa syllable lomaliza) imatengedwa chizindikiro cha kukoma zoipa.

Lero, muyezo ichi, kuziyika izo modekha, sachiza, ndi mzera, komanso kuwunika mwamwambo chabe zimene rifmovok ntchito njira wolemba si chizindikiro kudziwa tikunena kuya ntchito.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII "zabwino" ankatengedwa mwapadera kawiri rhymes kalembedwe, kuti ntchito yekha chimodzimodzi mbali ya kulankhula ndi mitundu kalembedwe. Ndipo lero, andakatulo ambiri amayesetsa kupewa monga chizindikiro cha mawu osauka ndakatulo. Izi, poyamba, ndi kulakwitsa, chifukwa nthawi zina ndi ordinariness a nyimbo ndi chofunika zimakhudzanso zokongoletsa. Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo ana ma zosayembekezeka ndi zochititsa chidwi zambiri safuna malingaliro mwanayo kuzindikira iwo sanali okonzeka, amamva bwino njira muyezo kwambiri. Ndipo si ndakatulo okha ana.

Mu wotchuka ballad a Anna Akhmatova "Gray-eyed King" Tsoka la kutaya wokondedwa ndi nyamukani ndi humdrum zimene zikuchitika. Ndipo n'kofunika osati kuchita ndi zochita za anthu ena, koma muyezo rhymes kalembedwe (anapeza - kwatha, dzukani - ndikuona, etc.) ndi mmene rifmovok.

Mayakovsky Komabe, ananena kuti nyimbo akhale zosayembekezeka, kuti akope tcheru wowerenga, koma si chofunika mtheradi. Izi ndi zoona mu ubale ku ndakatulo ya Mayakovsky ndi maganizo amodzi anthu ake amene mizu yolimba kwambiri m'mavesi constructivist, motero, udindo wa ingestion mwadala.

Koma nkhani yolembedwa ichi ndi olakwika poyerekezera ndi ndakatulo wonse. Zonse zimadalira ntchito luso. Mwachitsanzo, njira amafananirako "golide yakhalapo" S.Yesenin mwambo, ichi ndi tingachipeze powerenga mtanda nyimbo, mawu oyamba ndi wachitatu - akazi, ndipo lachiwiri ndi wachinayi - amuna.

Pa lonse, ndakatulo alibe rhymes aliyense yowala. Koma nthawi yomweyo palibe angatsutse ndakatulo mwaluso.

Malire zomverera amafananirako

The Russian chikhalidwe maganizo a nyimbo chitakwaniritsidwa, monga ulamuliro, pamene otsiriza chomwecho anatsindika za mawu ndi kuima pambali pake akalola. Mu English ndi miyambo German mokwanira anatsindika mawu. Ndiko kuti, ife sitimva ndi nyimbo Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "zenera" ndi "ndowa", koma asazindikire monga nyimbo "zenera - chilema" kapena dzina "Oknov -. Chidebe" Komabe, zoona zake n'zakuti pali ndakatulo ndi zambiri milandu zovuta zofanana ndi mzere mathero. Mwachitsanzo, Choncho ntchito rhymes dissonant pamene machesi mzere mathero si mwangozi, koma otsiriza anatsindika za mawu chabe osiyana. Kuti Mwachitsanzo, A. nditaona ndakatulo Chebyshev khalidwe dzina "dissonance" motsimikizira zikusonyeza randomness wa phwando:

Podzikongoletsa m'maso adagulung'undisa kutsogolo kwa inu kulapa,

Makamaka mwezi -

Kodi uchimo chitetezo,

Ndipo kubwera mtima kwambiri.

mkazi onse yomweyo zalaskat,

Mawere ake zableskany misozi.

Kusowa tulo buku zalistany ...

Ngakhale mbewu ndi zaluzgany.

Ndiyeno inu moyo Ott,

Ngakhale, ndithudi, mwachilungamo chiopsezo,

Chifukwa mwina thukuta,

Ndipo inu kuchitika kwa angina.

Kodi ife timachitcha ndakatulo imeneyi rhyming? Kumbali ya muyezo tanthauzo la nyimbo - ayi, chifukwa i nyimbo zisakuyenda. Ku maganizo a "kraesoglasiya", monga ntchito kutchedwa nyimbo, - palibe chikaiko chifukwa pamaso pathu ndi bwino woganiza phwando nonrandom pachilichonse za mzere mathero.

mzera

Ambiri, malinga ndi anaulandira "muyeso" gulu nyimbo zambiri anafotokoza kuti zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, chikhalidwe cha mzera (EOL). M'mawu ena, ndi njira pomwe pali ka lomaliza. Ngati malo otsiriza, nyimbo wotchedwa wamwamuna (kachiwiri - magazi), ngati pa penultimate - wamkazi (narόdy - svobόdy), ngati pa syllable wachitatu kuchokera kumapeto - dactylic (hόlodno - gόlodno). kawirikawiri, koma pali komanso otchedwa giperdaktilicheskie nyimbo, pamene ka lomaliza ili pa wachinayi ndi zina syllable ku mapeto (Chilling - wokongola).

Malo Vesi ndi

Kuti ndi udindo mu vesili kwenikweni kuti ophunzira m'kalasi pamene kuphunzira mutu wa "nyimbo. rhyming "njira. 5 kalasi ya sekondale sukulu sikumangotanthauza kuphunzira, komanso mfundo zothandiza.

Ndi malo Vesi ndi (nthawi zambiri ichi ndi funso la quatrains) nyimbo akhoza kukhala olimba (AAAA), mtanda (ABAB) - kuwoloka njira ya rhyming odziwika mu mawu a maphunziro othandiza pa kusanthula rhymes, nthunzi (AABB) ndi mphete (AWA).

Mu ndime zina ma amafananirako, mwachitsanzo, chakale octave mavesi yomanga adzakhala: AVAVAVSS.

zifukwa zina gulu la

Nthawi zambiri rhymes anawagawira ndi malo ena (phonetically wolemera, ndiye, sonorous, ndi phonetically osauka; yeniyeni ndi pafupifupi; monosyllabic ndi zigawo, amene wapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza mawu awiri, monga "zaka zana kuti adzakalamba popanda ife").

Single kuvomerezedwa muyezo nyimbo kulibe classifications akufotokozedwa yekha wotchuka kwambiri m'munsi.