Moscow, DME - zomwe ndege?

Moscow, likulu la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndi mzinda waukulu ano, ili Dera la East European Plain, pafupifupi likulu, pa mtsinje wa dzina chomwecho. Chiwerengero cha mzindawo, malinga ndi kalembera otsiriza ikuchitika mu dongosolo la khumi ndi anthu miliyoni ndi theka.

Chiwerengero cha anthu odzacheza likulu tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikizapo anthu a Moscow agglomeration wa mabusa, nthawi zina miliyoni oposa khumi mu workdays lotanganidwa. Magalimoto utuluke mwa madera osiyana intersect pano, kuphatikizapo Airways ambiri.

DME - zomwe ndege inu mukuwadziwa?

Atatu aviahaba ano kutumikira matauni mpweya kulowera, ndi kuti si kuwerenga angapo ndege ya kopita dera, komanso runways payekha. SVO, VKO, DME - ndege nthawizonse ali mwini malamulo ake padziko lonse. Ndipo kuti imaonekera pa tikiti, yogonera komweko mipita, Tags katundu ndi zina ndege zolembedwa. Childs, deta izi zimakhala zokwanira mtima zolakwa-free mfundo zofunika za ndege. Komabe, ambiri aviaturistov pa chiphaso ulendo chiphaso kapena kumaliseche a tikiti pakompyuta ndi funso wololera: DME - ndege aliyense mu dera likulu ali ndi dzina?

A mbiri pang'ono

"Domodedovo" umatchedwanso kuti ndege DME Moscow, - wakale kwambiri dera aviahabov likulu. Kulengedwa ndi kumanga doko izi mpweya inayamba mu 1956. patatha zaka zisanu ndi msewu wonyamukira ndege ya ndege yatsopano anayamba woyamba katundu ndege imelo kopita, ndipo patatha chaka ndege anauka mu mtundu mpweya "Tupolev" ndi okwera pa bolodi.

"Domodedovo" ndege. udindo Current

Pakali pano, Domodedovo ndege (DME) ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zikuluzikulu kwambiri Russia. Mu 2013, iye anadutsa yekha za okwera makumi awiri miliyoni eyiti. runways awiri osiyana amakhala mu tima mode opareshoni, kutenga pa ambiri tsiku maziko a matabwa padziko lonse.

Iwo anakonza mu kufanana, makilomita awiri kuchoka kwa mzake, kulola takeoffs ndi landings pa chilichonse Mzere imodzi ndi autonomously, payekhapayekha mzake. Aliyense msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi kalata ICAO mayiko ndege gulu mphaka IIIA gulu. Pambuyo kumanganso gulu loyamba limene anapanga zaka ziwiri ndi theka chapitacho, ndege anatha kulandira ndi kukhala wapamwamba-lolemera transcontinental ndege lembani Airbus A380. M'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi malo omwe zimakhala ankafika ndege ya mtundu - "Domodedovo" (DME). Zomwe ndege dziko lathu lalikulu ukhoza popitilira kuti?

Gawo ndi wolemba pulogalamu

Aliyense gulu amagwiritsa mtundu yakeyake kabisidwe ndege, panyanja mfundo chikukonzekera (mwachitsanzo, VOR-chabwino) ndi ena ndege m'dziko ofotokoza. DME - kachidindo "Domodedovo" ndege monga IATA gulu. Malinga ICAO, iye kale UUDD.

Malinga ndi zizindikiro gulu European ndi atatu kalata chikhazikitso pa US - zinayi kalata. Nthawi zina zoti zilembo kudutsa kanjedza (makamaka kulemba ankayatsa VOR ang'onoang'ono airfield phindu m'dera la runways private). Kusonkhana ndi mzake, zizindikiro izi zitha kukhala kwa dera la United States of America, kumene kalata yoyamba "K" Umatiuza kuti uwu ndi kabisidwe zinthu mu United States ICAO, ndi lotsatira makalata atatu ndi amodzi monga IATA code. Mwachitsanzo, John F. Kennedy International Airport ku New York, ku United States, malinga ndi gulu la American ndi kalata malamulo KJFK, pamene pa European - JFK. M'madera ena a dziko pakati kabisidwe ndi alibe makalata. Ndipo komabe funso wotseguka. Moscow, DME - zomwe ndege, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, chifukwa imakhala lakuti zachilendo?

ICAO kapena IATA - kuti ndi funso

Easy kumvetsa vuto, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa magwero a akatswiri a nkhani pa ndege. Pali awiri mayiko ndege-ndege mabungwe: IATA (mayiko Air Transport Association) , kapena International Association ya Air Transport; ndi ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), kapena International Civil Aviation Organization. Panopa, iwo onse ndi likulu lawo ku Montreal (Canada).

Pamaso pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, IATA othandiza The Hague (Netherlands). Iye anali mobisa zolimbana ndi ulamuliro supervisory kupereka mpweya magalimoto ku Ulaya, pamene ICAO makamaka ankalamulira aerotrafik pa North America. Ngakhale kasamalidwe ndi chitukuko cha maulendo mpweya wakhala ndi akadali patsogolo ntchito ya magulu awiriwa, ntchito yawo si yekha ntchito anthu a mu ndege tsiku ndi tsiku. Cholinga china ofunika - ndi kuonetsetsa otetezedwa nthawi zonse katundu ndi wodutsa magalimoto, kuwonjezera mumaganiza profitability, thandizo lililonse kuthandizika ntchito ndege.

IATA ku Russia

Apa chikaiko mwina zisadzachitikenso. Mu wanu e-tikiti akhoza mwachindunji motere: Moscow, DME. zomwe ndege Pankhaniyi m'pofunika?

Domodedovo (DME) - ndege ya Moscow dera, ndipo amaona kuti mpweya chipata cha likulu. Komabe, ndege ili mwachirengedwe m'dera Moscow, kumalire a Ramenskoye chigawo ndi chigawo m'tawuni Domodedovo, makilomita makumi asanu kuchokera pakati mbiri ya Moscow malangizo kum'mwera ndi makilomita makumi awiri ku malire mzinda wa likulu - Moscow. DME malamulo palokha - ndi chidule cha dzina la ndege Domodedovo. Otsala a pachipata mpweya wa dera Moscow ndi zofanana chifukwa otumphukira: "Sheremetyevo" umatchedwanso kuti Sheremetyevo, amatchedwanso SVO. Kapena Mwachitsanzo, "Vnukovo", ndiye Vnukovo, ndi VKO.

Chochuluka zakale ndege Soviet Union akhoza kuwerenga ndi zizindikiro European IATA. Ngakhale pali kuchotserapo. Mwachitsanzo, 'kala' ikusonyeza ya ndege likulu la wochezeka Kazakhstan, mzinda wa Astana, ndi Tse ndi chidule, zomwe ziribe kanthu kochita ndi dzina la makono a mzinda. Komabe, anthu odziwa kukumbukira dzina anaberekera mzinda uwu m'nyengo Soviet: Tselinograd, Tselinograd. Choncho, malamulo oyenera.

ICAO pa malo pambuyo Soviet

Kodi lakuti anawapatsa dongosolo ICAO? Pali, nawonso, chirichonse lili ndi anaika pa maalumali. Kalata yoyamba ya malamulo likusonyeza dziko, wachiwiri - dera, ndi awiri otsiriza chimatanthauza cipher makamaka ndege. Pa Soviet Union pa nthawi Kalatayi U liri lokhazikika. Pambuyo kugwa kwa Union of mayiko a ku Ulaya pambuyo Soviet ndi European kalata malamulo determinant dera E (mwachitsanzo, mayiko Baltic), koma zambiri za limati lero palokha, anakonza, kawirikawiri mu Asia, timayesetsa kukhala ndi zizindikiro wapachiyambi ICAO (Tajikistan, Georgia, Armenia, etc. .) "Domodedovo" pa mfundo imeneyi anali UUDD kuchepetsa. ndege zina, monga ndege "Sheremetyevo" - UUEE.

Zizindikiro ndi flights

N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera zizindikiro izi? Sitinakhoza ife monga kupereka malo okwerera, malo kufika, kuyamba injini ndi kuwuluka ndi mtendere wa mumtima, komwe mukufuna? Komabe, si mophweka monga zikuoneka pa koyamba. Tsiku lililonse mu mlengalenga nthawi yomweyo angakhale ndege zikwi zingapo. Osati kwambiri, inu mukuti, ndipo mudzakhala mwamtheradi zolondola. Komabe, mu mlengalenga ndi pansi, pali malo mwapadera amalembedwa - Airways.

mkanda aliyense, malonda kapena ing'ono ing'ono, ntchentche pa velocities owonjezera kangapo liwiro galimoto. Izi ndi zoona makamaka mu ndege kwakusiyana-zoyendetsedwa turbines. Mosiyana ndi makina, simungathe kuletsa ndege mlengalenga. Aliyense mchitidwe ndikofunikira kulosera pasadakhale. Ngakhale ankafika ndege zamakono kuyamba kupita makilomita nainte-zana limodzi kuchokera komwe ndege.

njira okhwima, kukhazikitsa zonse ndondomeko kulamulira mndandanda, komanso navigation mwa dongosolo lapadera la ndege (mapulani Flight) - izi ndi zinthu zofunika wotsogolera ndege yaikulu. Aliyense ndege-dongosolo - amatero kwa kopita pa (mlingo ikuthamanga) anakonzeratu okwera ndege, kutenga nkhani ya zapamadzi kukwera ndi kuchepetsa izo pokonzekera atakalamba komaliza pa ankafika glideslope.

Ndege njira - ndi ziyerekezo ake wachibale padziko lapansi - amayenda ina ulamuliro wina mtunda osachepera pakati pa iwo, kuti ndi mzere wolunjika. Ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri kufotokoza mfundo - ndi nambala yapadera mu dongosolo gulu kuti ndi IATA kapena ICAO.

m'malo mapeto

DME .... uti ndege m'dera Moscow ali kabisidwe chiyani? Tsopano inu bwinobwino ndiponso mwaluso kuyankha - "Domodedovo". Ndipo si ovuta kuyankha, ndipo ngakhale kufotokoza etymology wa kuchepetsa ichi, zikuthwanima chidziwitso chawo mu mabwenzi kapena mwa anzake.