Asidi Adipic. Katundu ndi Mapulogalamu

asidi Adipic (pali dzina lina la thunthu - asidi 1,4-butandikarbonovaya, dzina mwadongosolo - geksandiovaya acid) - ndi kuchepetsa asidi dicarboxylic. Iwo ali zotsatirazi mankhwala chilinganizo: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON ndi chilinganizo aakulu C6O4H10. Iwo ali yemweyo katundu mankhwala monga chidulo carboxylic. mitundu mchere, ena mwa iwo ndi sungunuka m'madzi (H2O). Esterified mu di- ndi rekodi. Ndi glycols geksandiovaya mitundu asidi polyesters.

Katundu asidi adipic

1. Molar misa ndi 146,1 galamu / mol.

2. kachulukidwe wa magalamu 1,36 / Mole.

3. zochepa solubility mu Mowa, diethyl mowa ndi kafungo kabwino.

4. Solubility mu madzi (H2O) ndi motere: pa madigiri 15 - 1,44 ga pa 100 ga madzi; madigiri 40 - 5,12 ga; pa madigiri 70 - 34,1 ga

Matenthedwe katundu geksadiovoy asidi

1. Mfundo limatsogolera ndi 153 ° C.

2. The kuwonongeka kutentha ndi 210 - 240 ° C.

3. The kuwira mfundo (pa 100mm Hg) ndi 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation kutentha ndi 300-320 ° C.

5. enthalpy wa kuyaka ndi -2800 KJ / mol.

6. limatsogolera enthalpy a 16,7 KJ / mol.

7. evaporation enthalpy ndi 18,7 KJ / mol.

Kodi kupeza asidi adipic?

Makampani mankhwala linakonzedwa kwenikweni mwa tsatane awiri makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa cyclohexane. Choyamba, osakaniza cyclohexanol ndi cyclohexanone, limene ankasiyana distillation. Kenako cyclohexanone ntchito kubala caprolactam, ndi cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% mphamvu HNO3 (nitric acid). Ndi njira imeneyi, adipic asidi zipatso ndi za makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu pa zana.

Imodzi mwa njira zingamuthandize kuti yokonza asidi adipic ndi hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

njira zimene ena anachita kupeza zidulo carboxylic, monga adipic? Iwo akhoza analandira mwa oxidizing cyclohexane ndi asidi nitric (HNO3) pa kutentha kwa + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) pa kutentha +50 ° C kapena Mpweya umene (O3).

asidi Adipic wakonzedweratu ndi carbonylation wa THF (tetrahydrofuran) monga adipic asidi anhydride, limene kupereka cholinga chinthu kukhudzana.

The ntchito asidi adipic:

- mankhwala ndi zipangizo (ntchito za makumi asanu ndi anayi pa zana a chidulo opangidwa) mu kupanga polyhexamethyleneadipamide, komanso polyurethanes ndi esters ake;

- ntchito monga zowonjezera chakudya (E 355 mayina pansi chiwerengero) kupereka mankhwala a wowawasa kukoma (kuphatikizapo yopanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi);

- asidi Adipic ndi chigawo chachikulu cha njira anafuna descaling;

- ntchito kuchotsa zinthu zimene anatsalira kudzaza malo pakati pa matailosi anapanga ziwiya zadothi;

- kugwiritsa ntchito zidulo carboxylic monga asidi adipic n'kofunika ntchito yokonza intermediates kupanga.

Mu aliyense mankhwala anachita amatenga asidi adipic?

1. pawiri Izi pa anachita ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, hydroxides awo ndi oxides zofunika chipereka salt zake.

2. akhoza aithamangitse asidi ofooka kwa mchere ake.

3. pamaso pa acidic chothandizira adipic asidi amachitira ndi alcohols. Mu mawonekedwe esters.

4. Kutentha salt ammonium wa amides adipic asidi anapanga.

5. Kuyembekezera kanthu asidi SOCl2 adipic ali n'kukhala asidi mankhwala enaake kake.

Esters wa Adipic asidi  

1. Metiladipinat ntchito electrochemical kaphatikizidwe dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener ndi poliyesitala utomoni.

3. Etiladipinat ntchito monga zowonjezera mu mafuta leaded kuonjezera octeni nambala yake.

4. diethyl adipate ntchito monga plasticizer mu kupanga mafilimu chakudya, nsapato, PVC, kupanga zikopa, zidole, linoleum, kudenga inaimitsidwa.

5. diisopropyl adipate ntchito monga zikuluzikulu za zodzoladzola khungu.