Aquifer. Kuya kwa aquifer ndi

Aquifer kapena kaja - ndi zigawo zingapo za pathanthwe ndi mkulu permeability. pores awo ming'alu kapena voids ena odzazidwa ndi pansi.

Zikhulupiriro General

aquifers angapo akhoza kupanga dongosolo aquifer, ngati iwo ali inakula hydraulically. Ntchito madzi mu nkhalango, ulimi wa nurseries m'nkhalango ntchito zachuma. Pamene inu kutuluka pamwamba, iwo akhoza kukhala gwero la waterlogging gawo. Izi zimachititsa mapangidwe bogs m'munsi ndi Transitional.

permeability

aquifer The wofanana ndi permeability wa miyala. Madzi permeability zimadalira kukula ndipo chiwerengero cha ming'alu inakula, pores, komanso zosankhidwa pellets miyala. Kuya kwa aquifer akhoza anasiyana ndi 4.2 mamita ( "pamalo") ndi kwa 30-50 mamita (artesian madzi).

Kwa mathanthwe bwino permeable ndi:

• miyala;
• timiyala;
• coarse mchenga;
• kwambiri zikukhudza ndi karst miyala.

kayendedwe madzi

Chifukwa kayendedwe ka madzi pores kungakhale zingapo:

• mphamvu yokoka;
• hayidiroliki mutu;
• mphamvu capillary;
• capillary-osmotic mphamvu;
• kumamatira mphamvu;
• kutentha masinthidwe amtundu.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe miyala ya aquifer miyala kungakhale isotropic poyerekezera ndi kusefera ndi, mwachitsanzo. E. permeability kwina kulikonse mofanana. Miyala kungakhale anisotropic, zimene zinachitikira iwo yodziwika ndi kusintha yunifolomu mu permeability mbali zonse.

Kuya kwa aquifers m'chigawo Moscow

M'dziko la dera Moscow wa mobisa kuya tebulo madzi zimasiyanasiyana, kotero kuti mayiko a ogaŵikana zigawo hydrological. Pali malo angapo madzi zobala:

• Kumwera dera. Madzi angathe kukhala mu osiyanasiyana 10-70 m. Kuya zitsime za m'dera lino ranges ku 40 mamita 120 m.
• South-kumadzulo dera. madzi kaja ndi osiyana profusion. Kuya pafupifupi zitsime ndi 50 m.
• Chapakati District. Ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri lalikulu. Nayenso, lagawidwa Large ndi Small. The makulidwe avareji kaja ndi 30 m. Madzi pano carbonate, carbonate-sulphate.
• Kum'mawa. Kuya kwa aquifer mderali mamita 20-50. Madzi, kwenikweni, mwamphamvu mineralized, kotero madzi unusable.
• Klin-Dmitrov chigawo. Amakhala ndi awiri carbonate kaja chapamwamba: Gzhel ndi Kasimovsky.
• Volga District. Kuya avareji aquifer ndi mamita 25.

Ichi ndi malongosoledwe ambiri a m'deralo. Kafukufuku mwatsatanetsatane aquifers anachitira zodzoladzola madzi wosanjikiza, mphamvu zake, ndalama yeniyeni otaya, precipitate kachulukidwe ndi zina zotero. D.

Dziwani kuti hydrogeology wa Region Moscow allocates wina dongosolo aquifer, amene lagawidwa M'maso angapo madipoziti Paleozoic khala:

• Podolsko myachkovskogo pakati mpweya wosanjikiza;
• Serpukhovskoy aquifer ndi Oka m'munsi mpweya formations;
• Kashirsky aquifer mpweya sekondale;
• Kasimovsky chapamwamba mpweya wosanjikiza;
• Gzhel chapamwamba aquifer mpweya.

Ena aquifers ndi otsika madzi machulukitsidwe ndi mkulu zili mchere, kotero iwo sali oyenera zochita za anthu.

Aquifer Serpukhovskoy Oka ndi mpweya dongosolo m'munsi ali ndi pazipita mphamvu wachibale aquifer ena - mamita 60-70.

Moscow-Podolsky aquifer kufika pazipita mamita 45 kuya, mphamvu yake pafupifupi ndi wofanana ndi mamita 25.

Kodi kudziwa za aquifer ndi

Sandy aquifer - .. Dzina makonzedwe pofuna kaja chingakhale a miyala, mchenga wothira miyala. Ndi osiyana aquifers mphamvu mchenga, kuya awo m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ngati tikulingalira hydrogeology wa dera Moscow ndi malo pafupi, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti madzi angapezeke mobisa pa akuya mamita 3-5, malingana ndi msinkhu wachibale wa m'dera kuphunzira. Kuya kwa aquifer ndilo amadalira mbali hydrological wa pafupi: mtsinje, nyanja, chithaphwi.

Pafupi ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba amatchulidwa kuti "pamalo". ntchito zake madzi ali osavomerezeka pa chakudya, T. K. Mphamvu ya wosanjikiza izi chifukwa mvula, matalala kusungunuka, ndi zina zotero. G., Kotero apa n'zosavuta zosafunika zoipa. Koma kawirikawiri madzi "pamalo" ntchito banja, ndi kuzitcha izo ngakhale "ndondomeko madzi".

madzi abwino osasankhidwa ndi pa akuya mamita 8-10. Pa akuya mamita 30 zili otchedwa "madzi mchere", kupanga amene boreholes pomanga.

Kudziwa kupezeka ndi kuya kwa aquifer chapamwamba ndi mosavuta. Pali njira zambiri otchuka: pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo kapena chimango zitsulo, ntchito mphika dongo, njira woonera zomera kukula pa gawo.