Virunga - Park National ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kufotokozera za zomera ndi nyama. Parks National la Democratic Republic of Congo: mndandanda

Kumalire ndi Uganda ndi Rwanda, kum'mawa Congo, ndi imodzi mwa malo UNESCO World Heritage - Virunga. National Park ndi wamkulu mu Africa. Iwo imafalira pa malo makilomita lalikulu 7800, pafupi ndi homonymous gulu chiphala mwala pa dzanja limodzi ndi wotchuka nyanja Kivu ena. m'gawo chikuphatikizapo udzu komanso nkhalango, Asilamu otchedwa a Moor ndi zigwa, mapiri udakali ayezi lokutidwa nsonga ya Rwenzori mapiri, nyanja pristine ndi yachonde chiphalaphala. Ndi kunyumba kwa kuposa kotala chopulumuka mitundu ya anyani phiri, zimene zatsala pang'ono kutha wa kadyansonga - okapi ndi nyama zina zambiri, mbalame ndi zomera.

paki

Yaikulu m'dziko chimakwirira m'dera ku Nyanja Kivu kwa Semliki Mtsinje (Inde pakati) mu dera la kumadzulo kwa malire a dera East cha vuto la African. Gawo akutambasula ndi salembedwa anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

• Kumpoto - mapiri ndi achisanu nsonga Rwenzori, ices amene ali njira imodzi yaikulu ya madzi kudyetsa Nile; ndi pano pamodzi chigwa mtsinje. Semliki akhoza kukumana ndi okapi;
• gawo chapakati zikuphatikizapo Nyanja Edward ndi zigwa za Ishasha, Rutshuru ndi Rwindi, ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya mbalame ndi nyama, kuphatikizapo anthu lalikulu la njovu, mvuu, etc.
• gawo kum'mwera zikuphatikizapo chiphala chiphalaphala yachonde Nyiragongo Nyamuragira ndi zomwe zimagwira ntchito, komanso nsonga zina Virunga unyolo; ambiri a m'deralo ali ndi nkhalango zowirira mumakhala anyani phiri mitundu ina yambiri ya anyani.

Mfundo zinachitikira paki

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi chikhalidwe pristine wa chinthu monga masiku ano umadziwika ndi Virunga (National Park pa mphindi), anakumana mu 1902, ku German asilikali mkulu O. Bering, amene pa kusaka zonse pafupi pamwamba pa phiri chiyendayekha anapha Sabino zamitundu lalikulu kwambiri. Poyamba ankaganiza kuti akhale kuno sangathe. Hunter ananena kuti ndi mtundu watsopano, kotero anatumiza wasayansi nyama anaphedwa ndi mafupa mu Germany. Poyerekeza thunthu la mitundu kudziwika kwa anyani ku Africa ndi kutumiza chuma, anapeza kusiyana morphological mfundo 34. Patatha chaka chimodzi, nyama amanenedwa ndi wofufuza Paulo Machi, koma mu zaka 20 ntchito pa kuphunzira subspecies latsopano ndinayima. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa ndi zinthu zovuta geopolitical ndi udindo chosadziwika za gawolo.

Mu 1921 iye anapita ku phiri ulendo kutsogoleredwa ndi taxidermist American ndi zachilengedwe ziboliboli Karlom Eykli. Iye analandira asanu nyama modzaza kwa nyumbayi, koma chifukwa chachikulu cha ntchito zake zonse sizinali mu izo. Zochitika anyani zazikulu, anaphunzira zambiri za makhalidwe khalidwe, anapeza kuti anthu mabanja khola mu ukapolo Mwina anataya popanda achibale awo. Iye kuzindikira kuti chiwerengero chawo si choncho chachikulu, chotero nyama kusowa chitetezo ndi kuteteza malo achilengedwe. Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi chinali chiyambi cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa udindo wapadera wa malo achilengedwe monga Virunga. National Park chinamasulidwa mu 1925 ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo anatenga dzina la Mfumu Albert. malire ake anafotokozedwa Eykli panokha monga madera onse anthu anyani. dzina lomaliza paki anapeza mu 1969, zaka pafupifupi khumi mutapeza ufulu wa Congo.

Species nyama malo a

M'munsi mwa paki ndi kusamala yake inextricably zogwirizana ndi anyani phiri, monga mwina anthu waukulu, kutetezedwa ndi chisamaliro changu ndi sizikakutherani. Iwo ali pafupi kutha. Great chopereka kwa zachilengedwe anapanga D. Fossey amene anaphedwa ndi anthu opha pabwalopo mu 1985. kanthu zambiri zokhudza chitetezo cha mitundu yambiri ya thandizo kwa bwino, koma watsopano asilikali nkhondo mu 2008 zinachititsa kuti kulanda likulu Malo otetezedwa. Anyani m'tsogolo kamodzi kuopsezedwa ku kudula mitengo zikuluzikulu. kuwonongeka ndithu chidachitika, ndipo onse zinyama ambiri. malo otetezedwa, makamaka nkhalango ndi udzu - ndi kunyumba kwa njati ndi njovu, akadyamsonga, anyani, warthogs, antelopes, mikango, akambuku, etc. wa Congo - .. The dziko yekha mu dziko kumene okapi moyo (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) - hoofed kusisita wa giraffidae banja.

chiwerengero cha okapi ndendende sanaidziwe, kuyambira nyama mobisa kwambiri ndi manyazi, koma kudzitamandira kuwinduka ndi 10 mpaka 20 zikwi anthu. History of atulukira mawonekedwe wakhala pafupifupi waukulu Zoological Timatha zana la 20. Okapi - yokhazikika ya m'nkhalango ndipo zoyendetsedwa mwachindunji masamba kotero mwachangu kudula mitengo zimaphwanya iye kunyumba kokha, komanso chakudya. Ndipo amavutika ndi zochita anthu osati nyama. Kwa zaka 45 chiwerengero cha mvuu ali anatsika ndi pafupifupi 30 nthawi, njati - 40 African chitsamba njovu - 10.

Mbalame ndi nyama zokwawa

Mu kukula kwa malo a amayambitsa mitundu yoposa 800 ya mbalame, 25 iwo kuderako ku Mtheradi kulikonse mu dziko sangapeze iwo panonso. Near madzi ndi m'madambo, mukhoza kuona cormorants, bitterns, ibises, skimmer, darters, osprey, warblers, nthumwi kitoglavov ploceidae. M'madera ya kumapiri anthu mitundu osowa monga Sunbird Rockefeller pestrogrudka lalikulu, bananoedy ndi Mbalame Oberlander. Wa oimira gulu la zapoizoni Kawirikawiri anapeza pythons, njoka, ndi Jameson mamba, wakuda khosi ndikulavulidwa mamba, Nile Monitor ndi ng'ona, amene anaonekera kachiwiri mu madzi a Semliki Mtsinje osati kale.

Anthu a mitsinje ndi nyanja

Kuwoneka chachikulu kwambiri pa mapu, Lake Edward matupi onse aakulu a madzi mu Africa ndi otsika. M'dera la madzi pamwamba pake - za 2325 makilomita lalikulu, lili pamalo okwera mamita 920. Zolemba mozama walembedwa mkati mamita 12, koma kwenikweni chiyerekezo -. 17 mamita ndi osaya, kotero musati amasiyana lalikulu kwambiri zosiyanasiyana kansomba, makamaka chogwidwa ndi mitundu pa banja la cichlids. Ali osiyanasiyana wamkulu zamitundu - kuchokera masentimita 2.5 1 mita - ndi akalumikidzidwa thupi. Komabe, anthu ake chachikulu chilichonse nsomba ndi mvuu (onani chithunzi. Pamwamba), kutsogolera theka-m'madzi moyo. nyama zikuluzikulu (yolemera matani 4) ndi mtima wosakhazikika, ndi "chonyansa" munthu wina kuposa adani awo, nawonso, pafupi kutha. Pafupifupi theka atumwi, chiwerengero chawo utachepa pafupifupi 95% amavomereza kuti chithunzi mantha. nyama wachita kale ntchito ndi anthu am'deralo chakudya, ndi tusks ake ofunika kuposa tusks njovu, chifukwa pali ambiri poaching.

masamba dziko

zomera ndi malo ndi yosiyanasiyana. Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti Virunga - National Park, amene anawoloka ndi mabacteria angapo biogeographic. Pa gawo pali oposa 2,000 mitundu ya zomera. Foothill ndi zigwa ndi malo ulamuliro zitsamba kuchokera undersized yapamwamba, m'nkhani yoyamba chimakhala chogwidwa dzinthu, monga Imperata cylindrica. Palinso mitengo osakwatiwa: .. gingerbread mtengo Adanson, malambe m'mayiko, etc. chitsamba chilichonse udzu ndi mitengo ndi yodzala ndi mthethe ndi combretum, zimene zili zambiri makamaka pafupi ndi nyanja Edward. Zoni m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi amtunduwu wamba wamba bango, nutsedge. Pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa nkhalango m'tchire ndi wandiweyani moti mvula, makamaka mu gawo kumpoto, theka la limene lili pamwamba pa mamita 1800-2300 pamwamba pa nyanja. Pali kukula zakutchire kanjedza, nsungwi, ndi pamwamba 3000 mamita - akumathandizika, Erica arborea, nogoplodnik ndi ena.

paki mapiri

Kum'mwera kwa nkhalango ndi pang'ono yokutidwa chiphalaphala yachonde la chiphala Virunga massif. Iye umadutsa m'dera la mayiko atatu chake, kutalika - 4,5 Km. Unyolo phiri ili mapiri asanu ndi atatu, awiri amene zili Congo. Chiphalaphala yachonde anapanga chifukwa cha ntchito zawo yogwira akafika padziko wambirimbiri basalt chiphalaphala. Nyamuragira phiri amawaona kuti yogwira ambiri mu Africa lonse. Popeza inayamba kuonerera kuphulika zinachitika nthawi 35. Chiphalaphala yachonde zatenga malo 1.5 sq M.. Km. The chachiwiri yogwira kuphulika - Nyiragongo (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), kuyambira 1882 pamwamba pa chiphalaphala aja linaphulika nthawi 34. Ntchito achangu chinalembedwa mu 1977, sizinali popanda akuvutika anthu.

chitetezo cha anyani

zomera ndi nyama ya Virunga malo ambiri n'zochepa kapena kuderako, koma cholinga likadali pa anyani phiri, yomwe panopa kuopsezedwa kutha. Zinthu zovuta ndi zonse nkhondo m'chigawochi. Zigawenga ndi anthu opha nyama chopha nyama koma woyang'anira. Choncho, mu 2007, tsiku lomwelo anapha banja lonse la anyani mu anthu asanu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zinthu bwino pang'ono, makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito wodzipereka wa woyang'anira amene kwenikweni miyoyo yawo kusunga malo zachilengedwezi. Zonsezi, ndithudi, pamafunika ndalama likulu lonse. Part amachokera ku World Lonse Fund kwa chilengedwe, chiwerengero ena amachokera ku makampani zokopa alendo ndi za boma lokha. Mwachangu kuthandiza paki ndi mabungwe payekha. Atsogoleri ndi wokonzeka kulandira thandizo lililonse zotheka - kuchokera ku zipangizo ndi chakudya anasamutsidwa ndalama. Mwa zonse kupita kuphatikizapo ntchito yomanga mpanda magetsi, amene amalola kuteteza otetezeka malo achilengedwe ku kulowerera kwa anthu opha nyama ndi alendo ena osafunika.

kuteteza njovu

Izi lalikulu, lamphamvu ndi wanzeru kwambiri nyama, oddly mokwanira, amakhala pachiopsezo kwambiri. Forest njovu, pamodzi ndi anyani phiri, angatchedwe okhala waukulu Virunga paki. Bongo uhule tusks minyanga ndi kuchititsa kuwononga kwambiri chiwerengero cha nyama izi. Park gamekeeper amuthandize kuti dziko lonse lapansi, iwo ali okonzeka kuti agwirizane polimbana opha nyama, koma pamafunika mfuti ndipo yunifomu zida. moyo zofunika aliyense nyama, ndalama zambiri anakhala kuphatikizapo zochizira molasidwa ndi wopunduka. Asayansi asonyeza kuti nyama atengeke PTSD matenda, zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika anthu. Kuwonjezera chithandizo, njovu ayenera kukhazikitsa, kapena iwo amakalipa, Kusakhazikika maganizo ndiponso kuvulaza gulu lonse wonse.

Agalu-trackers

Bloodhound galu mtundu kudziwika m'njira yabwino kununkhiza ndi luso udavlivat njira. Nyama ndi kuzindikira fungo Napempha kwa ena mamiliyoni asanu, kuwapangitsa kuti mungawononge anthu, ngakhale mu mtunda kovuta. Dera la paki ndi yaikulu komanso osiyanasiyana kwambiri mtunda: mapiri (Ruwenzori, Virunga), zitunda zathyathyathya chiphalaphala, madambo ndi udzu zithaphwi ndi nyanja. Nkofunika kudziunjikira nkhokwe zonse pofuna chidutswa wapadera wa chirengedwe. kuswana ntchito ndi ntchito agalu mu Virunga paki kuteteza ndi monga bloodhounds kutsogoleredwa ndi Dr. Marlene Zahner. Kukwaniritsa zolinga zake mwa njira iliyonse, choncho ntchito pamodzi magulu a anthu ndi Bloodhound othandiza kwambiri ndi zothandiza.

dziko m'mapaki zina la Democratic Republic of Congo

Tikumbukenso kuti madera mosamalitsa kutetezedwa zatenga 15% ya malo okwana dziko, ambiri a iwo, dzina basi ofunika kwambiri ndi mabuku.

1. Garamba - paki mu kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa boma, wakale kwambiri mu Africa, dera - mamita lalikulu 4480. Km. Mu kumpoto yochepa kuti udzu ndi udzu ndi udzu wamtali, pafupi ndi kum'mwera, iwo m'malo mwa nkhalango otsika choyamba ndipo kenako zomera ndi nkhalango zotentha mvula. Pabwalopo zaka zingapo zapitazo Ndinali view wapadera - kumpoto woyera Chipembere. Tsopano pali anthu atatu okha a mitundu, amakhala m'dera limeneli Kenyan.
2. Upemba - malo, yomwe ili Kibar yachonde ndi kukhala m'dera 11,73 sq .. Km. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1939, koma lero onse zomera ndi nyama zimene zimakhala mu zimenezo, sichoncho afufuza, ndi ena, mwina, si ndi sayansi. Flora zikuphatikizapo za 1800 mitundu.
3. Kahuzi-Biega - woyendera nthambi gawo lotetezedwa kum'mwera. Virgin nkhalango zotentha anatambasula m'tsinde mwa mapiri awiri zinatha, amene anamutchanso malo awa. Area 6 sq. M. Km. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo otsiriza anthu mitundu osowa wa anyani - kum'mawa lowland nyani, anthu kukula - anthu 250 okha.

Virunga - National Park, pa dziko mapu chabe zikuthwanima wofiira dontho. udindo wake ndi osadalirika ndi wosakhazikika, kuopseza imfa ya anthu a zinthu wapadera zachilengedwe ndi mazana a mitundu ya nyama ndi mbalame.