Ma aligorivimu kwa kubisa deta. Ofananira kubisa ma aligorivimu. RSA kubisa aligorivimu. Des kubisa aligorivimu. Sankhani kubisa aligorivimu

Mu kompyuta zaka anthu kunadetsa akukana kusunga zinthu mawonekedwe pamanja kapena kusindikizidwa ankaona kuchita zikalata amagetsi. Ndipo ngati pamaso kuba pepala kapena zikopa, koma tsopano kuswa zambiri zamagetsi. Okha monga ma aligorivimu kubisa deta akhala kuyambira nthawi makedzana. yambiri amafuna chitetezo nzeru zawo wapadera, kotero kuti iwo akhoza kupeza munthu yekhayo wodziwa. Koma tiyeni tiwone momwe anasonyeza pa dziko lathu.

Kodi dongosolo deta kubisa?

Kuyamba kuona kuti kuimira dongosolo cryptographic ambiri. Ziri kulankhula, izi ndi aligorivimu wapadera kapena kungosunga zomwe tamva, zimene zingakhale zomveka yekha ku bwalo lina la anthu.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mlendo zonse amaona, ayenera (mfundo ndi) ngati tanthauzo ya m'nkhaniyi. Werengani zinayendera angakhoze kokha munthu amene amadziwa za malamulo malo awo. Monga chitsanzo lophweka, mukhoza kudziwa kubisa aligorivimu ndi kalembedwe mawu Mwachitsanzo, ku kutsogolo. Ndithudi, izi ndi wosazindikira ambiri, mungakhale. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mukudziwa malamulo a kulowa mubweze malemba oyambirira sanali kugwira ntchito.

N'chifukwa chiyani icho?

Kodi izo zonse zimabwerera ndi mwina si bwino kufotokoza. Taonani, zimene kuchuluka kwa kudziwa anatsala chitukuko wakale, tsopano encrypted. Kaya anthu akale sanafune ife tikupeza, kaya zonse zinachitidwa, munthu amene anali wokhoza kuwagwiritsa ntchito pamene mlingo anakhumba chitukuko - koma likhoza ndikulingalira.

Komabe, ngati tikukamba za masiku ano, mfundo chitetezo ndi limodzi mwa mavuto lalikulu. Nokha, chifukwa pali mapepala ambiri mwa miyala ya yemweyo, amene maboma ena safuna kutsatira, kodi chinsinsi anakonza monga umisiri watsopano. Koma zonse izi, zinthu zambiri, ndi cholinga cha otchedwa hackers, m'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga mawu akuti.

Iwo mumaganiza mawu amodzi okha amene wakhala mfundo tingachipeze powerenga za ntchito Natana Rotshilda: ". Amene ali mwini nkhani, mwini dziko" Ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake zili zofunika kuteteza ku maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi moti sanagwiritse ntchito wina zolinga zawo.

Cryptography: mfundo yoyambira

Tsopano, musanaganize kapangidwe kwambiri kuti ali aligorivimu aliyense kubisa, ndi madzi pang'ono mu nkhaniyi, mu masiku amenewo, pamene sayansi inali mu Chiyambi chake.

Akukhulupirira kuti luso kubisala deta mwachangu anayamba zaka zikwi zingapo nthawi yathu ino. Kudalirika ndiye kuti Sumerians wakale, Mfumu Solomo ndi alembi a Igupto. Only kwambiri kenako anali yemweyo runic m'nkhaniyi ndi zizindikiro ngati. Nanga chidwi: nthawizina lemba kubisa aligorivimu (kutanthauza, iwo codified pa nthawi) m'chaka chomwecho wakale zakale Chisumeriya munthu wina zingatanthauze wina kalata osati kokha, komanso mawu lonse, lingaliro kapena malingaliro. Chifukwa cha kumasulira izi malemba awa ngakhale ndi kachitidwe kamakono cryptographic kulola kuti abwezeretse maonekedwe choyambirira cha mawu aliwonse, ziri zosatheka mwamtheradi. Kulankhula chinenero chamakono, ndi zapamwamba ndithu, monga tsopano umaonetseredwa, ofananira ma aligorivimu kubisa. Akukhala yekha.

Dziko masiku ano mitundu ya ma aligorivimu kubisa

Pa chitetezo deta chinsinsi mu Masiku ano, ayenera akukhala pa masiku makompyuta sanali kudziwika kwa anthu. Osanenapo mmene pepala anasamutsidwa kuti asayansi, kapena Templars chomwecho, kuyesera kubisa malemba woona kwa iwo chidziwitso, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti kuyambira zikamera vuto kulankhulana ali anakula yekha.

Ndiyeno, mwina, chipangizo odziwika bwino kwambiri akhoza kutchedwa German cipher makina pa World Chachiwiri amatchedwa "chosamvetsetseka" omwe anamasuliridwa kuti English kumatanthauza "chinsinsi." Kenanso, ichi ndi chitsanzo cha mmene ofananira ma aligorivimu kubisa ntchito, chofunika kwambiri ndicho shifrovschik ndi cryptanalysts kudziwa chinsinsi (aligorivimu), poyamba ntchito kubisa deta.

Lero, chotero cryptosystem ntchito kulikonse. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri tinganene kuti Mwachitsanzo, AES256 kubisa aligorivimu, ndilo muyezo lonse. Kuchokera kaonedwe wa terminology computer, timatha kugwiritsa ntchito kutalika chifungulo cha 256 Akamva. Ambiri masiku ano ma aligorivimu kubisa ali osiyanasiyana ndithu, ndi kuwagawa akhoza kukhala ziri m'magulu awiri akulu: ofananira ndi asymmetric. Iwo ali, malingana ndi malo komwe, tsopano ntchito kwambiri ambiri. Kusankha kubisa aligorivimu zimadalira ntchito ndi njira zambiri kuchira mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo?

Ofananira ndi ma aligorivimu asymmetric kubisa: kodi pali kusiyana

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mtundu wa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa machitidwe oterewa ndi mfundo imene zochokera ntchito yawo kuchita. Pamene tikuona ma aligorivimu ndi kubisa akukhudzana mfundo geometrical chosokonekera ndi asymmetry. Kodi zikutanthauza tsopano ndi zidzafotokozedwa.

Ofananira kubisa aligorivimu des, anayamba mu 1977, imasonyeza kukhalako kwa kiyi aliwonse amene amati amadziwika pamagulu awiri nkhawa. n'kosavuta ntchito kudziwa chinsinsi, kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamoyo, kuwerenga chimodzimodzi tanthauzo ya m'nkhaniyi, kuchibweretsa icho, titero, mu mawonekedwe a munthu angathe kuwaŵerenga.

Ndipo kodi asymmetric kubisa ma aligorivimu? Pali makiyi awiri ntchito, ndiko encode mfundo choyambirira amagwiritsa imodzi decrypt zili - enawo, ndipo si koyenera kukhala yemweyo, kapena pa nthawi yomweyo anali 'kala' ikusonyeza ndi decoding mbali. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo chimodzi chokha. Choncho, digiri yapamwamba kwambiri ya makiyi onse amachotsedwa kulowa dzanja lachitatu. Komabe, zochokera ziriri pano, hackers ambiri kuba mtundu wa vuto linalake ndipo sali. Chinthu china - kupeza ndendende kiyi (ziri chilankhulire, achinsinsi), amene ali abwino decrypt deta. Koma mungachite chiyani pali zambiri moti ngakhale kompyuta amakono ambiri pokonza iwo kwa zaka zingapo. Monga tanenera, palibe kachitidwe dziko alipo kompyuta kuti kuthyolako kum'fikira ndi kutenga chimene chimatchedwa "wiretapping" sangathe ndiponso sadzatha mu m'zaka zikubwerazi.

The odziwika bwino kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ma aligorivimu kubisa

Koma kubwerera ku dziko kompyuta. Kodi kupereka zofunika ma aligorivimu kubisa kuteteza zambiri pa siteji atsopano a chitukuko cha kompyuta ndi luso m'manja?

M'mayiko ambiri de A facto muyezo ndi AES cryptographic dongosolo zochokera kiyi 128-bit. Komabe, limodzi ndi izo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito aligorivimu RSA kubisa, lomwe ngakhale chikugwirizana ndi kubisa ntchito anthu (onse) Kiyi koma ndi chimodzi mwa odalirika kwambiri. Izi, poyamba, anali ndi akatswiri onse kutsogolera kuyambira dongosolo yokha kumadalira osati kokha pa kubisa deta, komanso kuteteza kukhulupirika kwa zambiri. Monga chitukuko oyambirira, amene amanena za des kubisa aligorivimu, ndi kwadzaoneni chakale, ndi kuyesa m'malo akhala inayamba mu 1997. Izo zinali ndiye ofotokoza watsopano ndi zapamwamba (mwaukadauloZida) kubisa AES muyezo (woyamba ndi 128-bit ofunika kwambiri, ndipo kenako - ndi kiyi 256-bit).

RSA kubisa

Tsopano timaganizira za luso RSA limene limafotokoza kuti dongosolo asymmetric kubisa. Tiyerekeze munthu wina watuma mudziwe wina encrypted ndi aligorivimu izi.

Chitetezo kutenga awiri chiwerengero mokwanira lalikulu X ndi Y, ndiye masamu awo mankhwala Z, amatchedwa gawo a. Komanso, ena extraneous chiwerengero chosankhidwa A, omwe amakwaniritsa chikhalidwe: 1,

Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani ngati kutumiza? The sender amapanga ciphertext, anatchulidwa F, ndi uthenga koyamba M, kenako exponentiation A gawo chulutsa ndi Z: F = M ** A * (yamakono Z). Wolandira Mwachitsanzo kumodzi masamu: M = F ** B * (yamakono Z). Ziri kulankhula, zonse zimenezi ndi kuchepetsedwa yekha kumanga mphamvu. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito njira ndi chilengedwe cha siginecha digito, koma anthu aone kuti pali pano ndi zovuta. Kupewa madzi anasefukira wosuta mutu ajebura, zinthu sati anapereka.

Kodi ndinene, ngati tikuyembekezera m'tsogolo, popanda kukhala okhoza kumvetsa m'mbuyomu. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa dziko la Mileniamu wathu, tikutha kuona kuti yemweyo Roma Gayo Yuliy Tsezar ena a zolemba zake ntchito ofananira ma aligorivimu kubisa. Chabwino, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa Leonardo da Vinci, chotero onse kukhoza osati wotuluka atazindikira kuti m'munda wa cryptography, munthu amene ali ndi mtundu wa chotchinga cha chinsinsi, amene anaposa modernity ake kwa zaka zambiri.

Kufikira tsopano, anthu ambiri osati ankabwerera mwa otchedwa "Mona Lisa Kumwetulira," limene pali chinachake wokongola, chinachake munthu ano kumvetsa sindingakhoze. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mu chithunzi ndi ulemu otchulidwa ena (mu diso la kavalidwe, ndi zina zotero. D.) Kodi posachedwapa apezeka kuti amasonyeza kuti zonse izi lili encrypted namatetule wamkulu wa mudziwe lero, tsoka, kutitenga ayi. Koma ife tiribe nkomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba zikuluzikulu, amene anatha kutembenukira mokwana za sayansi ya nthawi.

Kumene, ena maganizo amakonda kokha chakuti nthawi zambiri wakhala ntchito otchedwa "golide gawo" Komabe, ndipo sataya chinsinsi sitolo kuti onse kudziŵa zambiri, chimene amakhulupirira kapena ife sindikumvetsa, kapena kutaika kwawo kwamuyaya. Zikuoneka cryptography chatsala kuti chichitike ndi zambiri zosaneneka za ntchito kumvetsa kuti masiku ano ma aligorivimu kubisa zambiri sapita kwa poyerekeza iliyonse ndi nthawi opaleshoni ya chitukuko wakale. Komanso, ngati lero pali ambiri amavomereza mfundo za chitetezo nkhani, amene anali m'masiku akale, mwatsoka, ndife kufikako kwathunthu ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Ndipo chinthu chimodzi kwambiri. Pali chikhulupiriro mumtima kuti Malemba ambiri wakale silingamasuliridwe chifukwa mafungulo chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti awo kwambiri kulondera Poro ngati kena kachipembedzo kotchedwa Freemasons, ndi Illuminati, ndi zina zotero. D. Ngakhale Templars tidasiya chizindikiro awo pano. Kodi tinganene chiyani za zomwe Zatsala kufikako kwathunthu laibulale ya Vatican? Musati kusunga umboni uliwonse waukulu akale kumeneko? Akatswiri ambiri amafuna kuti Baibulo ili ndi chikhulupiriro kuti Vatican mwadala kuwamana zambiri kwa anthu. Ngati kapena ayi, palibe amene akudziwa. Koma chinthu chimodzi motsimikiza - wakale dongosolo cryptography ayi wolephera (mwinanso kuposa) anthu ntchito kompyuta masiku ano.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Potsiriza ayenera kuti pali kale, osati mbali zonse za machitidwe panopa cryptographic ndi njira kuti ntchito. Mfundo ndi kuti nthawi zambiri kuti kuyambitsa zovuta mitunduyi masamu ndi kuwerengetsera pano, kumene ambiri owerenga chabe kupita mutu sapota. Tangoonani chitsanzo cha kufotokoza za RSA aligorivimu, kuzindikira kuti chinthu chirichonse kuyang'ana kwambiri zovuta.

Chinthu chachikulu - kumvetsa ndi kumvetsa, titero, mu mtima pa nkhaniyi. Chabwino, ngati tiyenda pachimene ndi kachitidwe kamakono, kupereka kusunga zachinsinsi mu njira imene mosavuta owerengeka owerenga, pali kusankha pang'ono. Ngakhale pali machitidwe ambiri cryptographic, yemweyo RSA ndi des ma aligorivimu bwino kutaya AES limatchula. Komabe, ntchito zambiri zamakono lakonzedwa ndi zosiyana kwambiri pakati pa machitidwe opaleshoni, ntchito ndi AES (mwachibadwa malingana ndi ntchito ndi chipangizo). Koma pano pali "wosaloleka" zamoyo wa cryptosystem ichi, kuziyika izo modekha, ambiri, makamaka oyambitsa ake, anadabwa. Koma lonse, zochokera chakuti pali lero, owerenga ambiri sadzakhulupirira zovuta kumvetsa zimene cryptographic deta kubisa dongosolo, chifukwa ali ofunikira komanso mmene ntchito.