Ankhanza lopondereza mu dziko

ankhanza lopondereza m'zaka za m'ma 20 anabweretsa kwambiri za chisoni ndi kuvutika kwa anthu. Iwo anabweretsa kwambiri zikuluzikulu nkhondo m'mbiri ya anthu - World nkhondo II. Mfundo imeneyi applicable yekha kudziko lina - Italy. Wa Nazi ku Germany wotchedwa "Nazi." Koma sizisintha. Mu mbiri mfundo izi kukhala mosinthana, akhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi akuchitirana nkhanza, nkhanza, nkhondo ndi mantha. Kenako, tikambirana modes awiriwa nkhaniyi. Ifenso kuyankha funso zimene lopondereza boma anaika mu Italy kusiyana ndi German.

maganizo

Mawu akuti "Fascism" chiyambi Italy. Kumasulira amatanthauza "mtanda", "gulu", "wogwirizana". Ichi ndi gulu landale amene anali mayiko capitalist mu akukhudzidwira dongosolo mavuto nyengo. Misa ulova, umphawi, njala - onse zinandipangitsa kuti talongosola mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo ndale.

umboni

ankhanza lopondereza yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mitundu Oika chiwawa kuthana ndi otsutsa.
• Total kulamulira muzochitika zones za moyo okhudzidwa: chikhalidwe, zojambulajambula, TV, maphunziro, maphunziro, etc.
• Asilikali chikhalidwe. The mfundo yachilendo ya boma lopondereza umalimbana ndi Kugonja m'dziko latsopano cholinga yokumba woipa mtima.

mfundo

ankhanza lopondereza akusiyana kutchulidwa mfundo zochokera:

• Kuimba 'demagogy. okamba Nazi zinthu, kawirikawiri mokweza, popanda mawu ovuta limaphunzitsa. zisudzo awo ali bwino, ngakhale bwino ophunzira nzika amene ayamba "kumvetsetsa" magwero a mavuto onse a boma, chikhulupiriro mtsogoleri, kumutsatira kuti m'tsogolo.
• Leaderism. dongosolo lonse ogwirizana padziko mtsogoleri wina, popanda zomwe si ntchito.

Mussolini lopondereza boma

Kukula ndi ulamuliro wankhanza ku Italy amagwirizana ndi dzina la Mussolini. Choyamba lopondereza bungwe mu dziko lino adayamba kuwonekera March 1919. Iwo ankatchedwa "kumenyana mgwirizano" ( "Fashi Di kombattimento"). Ambiri a anthu awo - ophunzira nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Awa anali anthu kwambiri maganizo mtundu chauvinist. Bungwe ndipo anatsogolera wogwira aluso B. Mussolini.

Ulamuliro zolembedwa demokalase

Lodziwika chifukwa chakuti zipani zambiri ndi magulu andale amene anayamba kulamulira, kulenga authoritarian ndi opondereza ankhanza, ntchito kwambiri owolowa manja, mawu demokalase. Kotero izo zinali ndi chipani cha Mussolini. Tipezekemo anthu ambiri, iye analonjeza m'paradaiso padziko lapansi:

• Chiyembekezo chakuti ya Senate, apolisi, mwayi ndi maudindo.
• Universal othandiza.
• ufulu ndi kumasulika.
• Vutoli lonse msonkho, chiyembekezo chakuti anthu osauka.
• Maola asanu ndi atatu ntchito tsiku.
• Kupereka wamba kumtunda umwini.
• General Kusiya, kukana mpikisano wa manja ndi nkhondo.
• Ufulu wa atolankhani, milandu, etc.

Mussolini analonjeza kuti nzika zonse kuti iwo akanangokhoza sindingazikwanitse. Mmodzi mukufuna kukumbukira Communist chiphiphiritso "Mafakitale - antchito, dziko -. Wamba"

Kodi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa achifasizimu ku Italy

Boma lopondereza ku Italy anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe mu 1921. Zinali ndiye kuti gulu la "Union" anayamba kulimbana lotseguka kwa mphamvu. Ndi nthawi ino, thandizo la anthu anali kutikonda. Propaganda zithunzi ndi mwachionekere onyenga, lotseguka demagogy akulonjeza kuti palibe amene ati achite, anachita mochenjera.

Mussolini sankabisa mphamvu apeza pa mtengo uliwonse. Monga ananena mawu kuti: "Tsopano funso mphamvu limakhala funso la mphamvu."

ndime zida anapanga "March pa Rome" malaya wakuda October 28, 1922. Mfumu Victor Emmanuel anavomera kuti nduna yaikulu Mussolini. boma osati amadzinenera nkhondo ndi Fascism. Kale pa October 30, kupambana ulendo wa antchito kumpanda wa Rome. Boma latsopano zasonyeza kuti nthawi zinyalala palibe amene akupita. chionetsero cha ichi anali limodzi ndi zachiwawa ndi kumenyana ndi Socialists chikuyenda.

"Kusunga Lonjezo"

mfundo lopondereza ankhanza nthawi zonse chimakhudzana demagogy ndi malonjezo. Ife kutchulidwa pamwamba mawu prevozglasil wokamba Italy pamaso kudali malo nduna yaikulu. Pambuyo poika wa azichepetsa (mtsogoleri) anali 'kukwaniritsa' pulogalamu yake ndipo anayamba kusintha kwa boma lopondereza:

• Kukhazikitsa okhwima ulamuliro wa boma mu mmalo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chuma. Mabungwe analenga m'dongosolo limene yekha m'gulu lopondereza ake audited phwando, anthu.
• Kukhazikitsa mtsogoleri mpatuko (azichepetsa). Malingaliro lonse ndi andale anali reorganized pansi pa ulamuliro wa Mussolini.
• Wopondereza adayiwala kuti pali nthawi sakhulupirira Mulungu. Anapangana pangano ndi Vatican, adamuthandiza ndalama. Pa Papa Pius XI ananena Mussolini "adatsitsa kumwamba."
• boma anayamba Asilikaliwo mwachangu. Ndilonjeze kwa kungafooketse asilikali osati anachita, koma wosweka.

Common pakati pa Italy ndi Germany anali kuti ankhanza onse adalira pa mphamvu ya kamodzi Roma. Mussolini ankaona yekha m'malo mwa Olamulira a Roma. ntchito yake padziko lapansi anaona kubwezeretsedwa kwa malire a chilengedwe Roma. Komabe, analanda dziko European iye sakanakhoza. Choncho, ngati dziko oyamba kusankhidwa "Carthage" - pa Libya osaukitsitsa ndi zida wosazindikira ang'onoang'ono. Onse chinachitikira:

• dziko African anali mbali ya Ufumu wa Roma kalelo.
• Libya adali ndi zida zamphamvu. Pali akanatha kuphunzira zochita zolawula.
• A chigonjetso yaing'ono anapereka maudindo andale.

Mwamwayi, Akatswiriwa Italy sanapeze mafuta mu dziko lino, kotero Hitler ankayenera kugwira ntchito zopeza ndi kupeza mu Europe. Pamaso pa madipoziti Baku-wolemera mu Russia, iye konse izo. Iye anaima pa Stalingrad. Sizikudziwika mmene nkhani akanati, ngati Akatswiriwa mu Africa musati miscalculated, kuyambira Libya - Dziko wolemera mu nkhokwe "golide wakuda".

Nazi (Nazi) ulamuliro mu Germany: zimayambitsa chiyambi

Mu Germany, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe National Socialist zikuchitika nthawi imodzi monga Italy. maonekedwe awo, pamodzi ndi mayiko a Soviet anali maziko awa:

• The Germany simukumverera anagonjetsa mu First World nkhondo. nkhondowo mayunitsi awo anaima makilomita ochepa ku Paris. Ngati si kwa renunciation mfumu ya German, ndiye Germany, osalephera, adzakhala wopambana pa nkhondo imeneyi.
• Atagonjetsedwa wa ogwirizana German kuti woyikidwa reparations amenewo kwa nthawi yoyamba mu dziko lino panali njala, kusowa, umphawi, mavuto a zachuma ndi hyperinflation. Izi analenga mphamvu ya chilungamo ndi mkwiyo. The Germany ankakhulupirira kuti anali atanyengedwa. Iwo analembapo dziko, ndipo analandira udindo wa mzinda wa Britain ndi France.

Nazi Party (NSDAP)

zifukwa izi anatenga ogwirika kale Adolf Hitler, yemwe anali nkhondowo chitsulo mtanda ndewu ndi mphoto apamwamba msilikali. Iye anali woyambitsa wa National Socialist Antchito 'Party. pulogalamu yake mu 1920 m'gulu polimbana ndi "bizinesi cholakwika":

• Achire ndalama unearned, ie, kumukana katapira. Kudera limeneli lolunjika basi Ayuda.
• The nationalization amakampani lalikulu njira.
• Choka m'masitolo ang'ono German ogulitsa.
• kusintha dziko, loletsa chabe.

Zifukwa bwino NSDAP

chipani Hitler anadza zopangira pang'onopang'ono ndi kulimbana ndale chisankho. Ndi chilichonse mawu atsopano National Socialists analandira ufulu kwambiri, mpaka Adolf Hitler sanazindikire Chancellor. Panali zifukwa zingapo bwino:

• Yogwira ndale mabodza. Ganizo la Fuehrer monga azichepetsa ankasiyana wosazindikira populism, kukhulupirira tsogolo labwino.
• Mphamvu njira. Mwapadera analenga mayunitsi paramilitary "mkuntho troopers" (CA) yunifolomu bulauni anaukira otsutsa ndale anaukira yosindikiza, makola nyuzipepala. Nthawi ina kunali ngakhale kuyesa a zokhumba asilikali, otchedwa Beer Hall Putsch. Komabe, akuluakulu a Germany, mosiyana Italy, analoŵa kugwiritsa ntchito zida kubisa.
• chithandizo cha ndalama. Hitler mothandizidwa ndi yotakata mabwalo banki ya United States. Mbiri yakale amati ogwira ntchito NSDAP analandira malipilo awo ndalama, ngati chizindikiro German depreciated kwambiri. Ntchito pa Hitler anali yapamwamba kwambiri, ankafuna iye pafupifupi buku lonse ntchito anthu.

Neo - vuto masiku ano

Mwatsoka, ankhanza lopondereza taphunzira kanthu kwa anthu. Zonse m'thumba Wachiwiri kung'anima m'dziko makamaka. Mofanana mu Germany, pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, latsopano Wachiwiri-lopondereza bungwe. M'mayiko ena, mphamvu zimenezi ngakhale anagwira mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, izi zinachitika mu Greece mu 1967 ndipo mu Chile mu 1973.

Masiku ano, mavuto a chi Fascism ndi dziko ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. The kuchuluka ikuluikulu ya osamukira ku Ulaya, khalidwe lawo yovuta, kulephera kutengera malamulo makamu kupanga wosakhutira. Tengani ntchito bwino-phiko ndale mphamvu ichi. Mmodzi wa awa - chipani "Njira kwa Germany" omwe akusonkhanitsa kuvota mu Landtags m'deralo.