Amene anapanga wailesi? Pamene Popov anatulukira wailesi

Kwa zaka 119 kampani alibe njira kudziwa amene anapanga wailesi. Popeza kuti pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, kupezeka wanzeru zimene asayansi ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi, Nikola Tesla, Genrih Gerts, Ernest Rutherford - anthu onse awa mu njira ina chikugwirizana ndi wailesi. Osati kwambiri, mmodzi wa iwo ulendo wawo woyamba kuti maganizo anzeru, asayansi onse padera mu chitukuko cha sayansi amathandiza kwambiri.

Kutsegula kwa munda mu atomu

Ngati mudzapempha Russia ndi ku Ulaya za amene anapanga wailesi, mayankho adzakhala chosiyana, yankho choyamba n'chakuti Popov, ndipo chachiwiri - Marconi. Ndani yemwe ali wolondola Ndipotu, ndi amene cholakwika? Lingaliro la kuthengo mu atomu unayamba mu 1845 ndi Michael Faraday, izo anali mmodzi wa atulukira zofunika kwambiri anthu. Zaka 20 zitatha izi Dzheyms Maksvell analenga zamoyo za kuthengo atomu, ndipo anabweretsa malamulo ake onse. Scientist anatsimikizira kuti cheza mu atomu akhoza kufalitsa mwa malo pa mathamangidwe kuwala.

zikayenda hedzi

Kupezeka kwa wailesi zinachitika kwakukulukulu zikomo Genrihu Gertsu. Izi wasayansi ndi luso 1887, anayamba jenereta mafunde mu atomu ndi resonator. Chaka chotsatira anasonyeza pagulu kuli mafunde atomu, pochulukitsa pa liwiro la kuwala mu mlengalenga ufulu. Olemba mbiri ena amalimbikira kuti wailesi kupangidwa ndi Faraday, Maxwell ndi hedzi. Woyamba ndi wachiwiri anapeza kuli mafunde atomu, ndi Henry analenga chipangizo.

vuto ndi kapangidwe hedzi a ntchito mamita ochepa kuchokera mzake, kokha ngati nthethe chinaoneka pa wolandila, ndiyeno mu mdima. chipangizo sanali wangwiro ndi chofunika kusintha. Wanzeru injiniya ndi experimenter mtengo kanthu kusintha chidali chifuniro chake. Mwatsoka, hedzi anamwalira ali ndi zaka 37 mu 1894, patangotsala kutsegula kwa Marconi ndi Popov.

Kufanana kwa zatsopano Marconi ndi Popov

Ngati tikambirana mbali luso, izo Popov ndi Marconi kuti si anatsegula chilichonse chatsopano, koma ntchito kuyambitsa kwa asayansi ena kulenga chipangizo bwino. Ndi mamangidwe hedzi asayansi adawonjeza nthaka mlongoti, ndi bwino mbendera phwando loikidwiratu coherer - galasi chubu ndi filings zitsulo mkati. chipangizo chimenechi kupangidwa ndi Edward Brangli ndi bwino Oliver Lodge. Asayansi sankachita chidwi ndi mmene angagwiritsire ntchito coherer, koma Marconi Popov ntchito m'malo mwa mphanvu ndi kutembenukira kuitanako. Iwo likukhalira kuti Russian ndi Chitaliyana anachita chinthu chomwecho, koma mmodzi wa iwo za izo koyamba, samadziwidwa mpaka. Kumene, Russia amakhulupirira kuti ndakupanga izo Popov wailesi.

Wambiri Popova

Dzina lake Aleksandr Stepanovich Popov anabadwa mu Urals, March 16, 1859 mu wansembe banja. Iye woyamba maphunziro makalasi yachiwiri ya seminare, koma chifukwa chakuti iye anakopeka zamagetsi, mnyamatayu anapita ku St. Petersburg, kumene pa yunivesite ya Physics ndi Masamu luso. Poyamba ntchito ngati zamagetsi wamba, mu 1882 Popov analemba ndi kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake pa makina dynamo za magesi.

Nditamaliza maphunziro, Alexander Stepanovich kukonzekera professorship a. Mu 1883, wasayansi adayamba kuphunzitsa Kronstadt mu kalasi kapitawo wanga. Mu yomweyi, Popov anakhala kuphunzitsa pa Sukulu ya luso Nyanja dipatimenti. Patatha zaka 8 Alexander Stepanovich anaitanidwa Electrotechnical Institute Petersburg, ndipo ankagwira ntchito yophunzitsa mu dipatimenti sayansi. Mu 1905 Popov anakhala mkulu wa bungwe lino. Wasayansi wamkulu anamwalira pa January 13, 1906, chifukwa cha kutha anali kukha mwazi muubongo.

Benefits Popova

Alexander Stepanovich anagwira ntchito limodzi ndi apanyanja, ndipo kwa yapamadzi, iye anatulukira wailesi. Popov anali nthawi zonse chidwi mu zatsopano za hedzi, kotero mu 1889 anapereka nkhani za ndi m'munsili ziwonetsero pa mutu wa kafukufuku pa ubale magetsi ndi zochitika kuwala. Scientist umanena pa misonkhano, kuti chidziwitso cha izi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mitala, chidwi cha utsogoleri wa apanyanja.

Alexander Stepanovich angatchedwe munthu woyamba Russia amene osati kudziwa mtengo wa zatsopano hedzi, koma anapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito. May 7, 1895, pamene Popov anatulukira wailesi ndi kusonyeza cholinga chida pa msonkhano wa sayansi Russian, wa chilengedwe cha Marconi adali wodziwika. Zinali pa May 7 Russia amati tsiku la chilengedwe wailesi.

Onse 1895 Popov wodzipereka patsogolo wailesi ankachititsa zatsopano pa phwando ndi kufala kwa mafunde mu atomu pa mtunda wa 60 mamita. January 20, 1897 asayansi Russian afika kuteteza ufulu wawo zonena patsogolo. The nyuzipepala "Kotlin" nkhani yakuti "Kulumikizana popanda mawaya," anaphunzira za zatsopano Marconi, iwo analemba Popov. Wailesi woyamba anatulukira ndi Alexander Stepanovich, anasonyeza kasupe wake 1895 ndipo ankafuna kuti apitirizebe ntchito pa kusintha ake, koma zalembedwa cholinga chipangizo.

Mfundo ntchito wailesi loyamba

oyambitsa ambiri sanathe kupeza ntchito zoyambitsa zawo, ndi kokha anthu anzeru ndi luso lapadera ndi maganizo modabwitsa lingaliro sayansi angamasuliridwe mu zenizeni, loterolo geniuses nkhawa ndi Alexander Popov. Radio analenga katswiri kwambiri, membala wa atulukira akatswiri osiyanasiyana ndi sayansi. Choncho, Popov ntchito ngati coherer wochititsa, iye anaganiza ntchito chipangizo ichi monga mphete ndi kaundula wa chizindikiro umene ukubwerawo. Alexander Stepanovich kuika pamodzi coherer, foni ndi mlongoti anamanga chipangizo kulandira mafunde ndi mphezi. Mothandizidwa ndi wasayansi wailesi akhoza kupatsira chizindikiro mawu waphindu.

N'chifukwa chiyani Europe ankaona anayambitsa Radio Marconi?

Asayansi simungakhoze kubwera kwa pangano wamba pa funso la amene anapanga wailesi. Alexander Popov anasonyeza chidali chifuniro chake May 7, 1895, ndi Guglielmo Marconi anapanga ntchito kwa setifiketi yekha mu June 1896. Koyamba, zonse zikuoneka kuti bwino, kanjedza apereke Russian wasayansi, koma osiyanasiyana. chakuti Popov sanayese kuuza anthu za kafukufuku wawo, ndipo anamuuza za iwo okha bwalo yopapatiza wa anthu - asayansi ndi akapitawo panyanja. Anazindikira kufunika ntchito imeneyi kwa dziko, kotero mabuku osindikizidwa mofulumira ayi, chinkhoswe mu gawo othandiza.

Guglielmo Marconi anakulira m'dziko capitalist Choncho Adapempha kulimbitsa si mbiri yakale kapena sayansi patsogolo, ndipo malamulo. Iye sichichokera mu kugwedezeka kwa zinthu, koma pamene kuyambitsa anali wokonzeka, anapanga ofunsira setifiketi. Kumene, nkhani ziribe kanthu kochita ndi mbali malamulo, koma olemba mbiri ena mbali ndi Marconi. setifiketi ya linaperekedwa July 2, 1897, kuti ndi zaka ziwiri pambuyo kuwonetsera Popov, chidali chifuniro chake. Komabe, pa Marconi anali chikalata secures patsogolo ake, ndi Russian wasayansi okha okha kuti buku lisindikizidwe.

kukwaniritsa ku America

Mtsutsano za amene anapanga wailesi 1943, Achimereka kanthu, chifukwa iwo anapeza mmisiri mu dziko, amene analenga wolandirayo. US akwiyitsidwa ndi chakuti malo woyamba iperekedwe ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia, chifukwa compatriot awo Nikola Tesla, wotchuka magetsi injiniya ndi wasayansi amene poyamba anapeza kwambiri. Zoti Yesu mawu amenewa zatsimikiziridwa kukhoti.

Tesla mu 1893 setifiketi ya wailesi, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri - wailesi. chipangizo ndi wasayansi American mu mbendera wailesi akanakhoza kutembenuza phokoso lamayimbidwe, kupatsira, kachiwiri akatembenuka ku phokoso ndi lamayimbidwe. Ndiko kuti, ntchito ngati zipangizo zamakono. Yomanga Popov ndi Marconi chimaonekadi kutaya, chifukwa iwo angathe kupatsira ndi kulandira wailesi chizindikiro ku kachidindo Morse.

Ndani ayenera kupereka kanjedza?

Amene asayansi woyamba anatulukira wailesi? Yankho la funso limeneli si kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu kuti maganizo bwino ntchito pa chipangizo latsopano, kuti ntchito yawo ndi nzeru izo. Marconi, Popov ndi Tesla sali olumikizidwa ndi mzake, tikukhala mu maiko osiyanasiyana ndipo ngakhale m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, choncho palibe amene kuba maganizo. Iwo likukhalira kuti lingaliro la sayansi wailesi itafika nthawi yomweyo. akonzedwa pa moyo wakhala kamodzinso anatsimikizira lamulo Chichewa: ngati nthawi kutsegula izo, ndiye kupezeka ndithudi munthu afuna.