Amene analemba "The Hobbit, kapena Pali ndipo Back Apanso"

John Ronald Reueli Tolkien - wolemba wamkulu, sikolala wolemekezeka ndi amene analemba "The Hobbit" - anabadwa pa January 3, 1892 mu Bloemfontein, South Africa. Makolo ake linasamukira ku England mogwirizana ndi ntchito atate wake Arthur a. Tolkien posapita nthawi anataya makolo onse: bambo ake anamwalira mu Africa mu 1896, pambuyo acibanja anabwerera ku England, ndi mayi ake, Mabel anamwalira mu 1904 pafupi Birmingham. Atamwalira Mabel pa John ndi mng'ono wake Hilary mbamphedza bwenzi banja Frensis Morgan. Pasanapite pambuyo pake, Tolkien anapita ku Sukulu Mfumu Edward, ndiyeno anapita ku Oxford.

Pa Oxford, Tolkien amafuna kutenga digiri mu Chingerezi ndi mabuku. Iye anayamba chilakolako wapadera philology, kuphunzira zilankhulo. Kuphunzira achingelezi, achingelezi ndi Wales ndakatulo, iye anapitiriza kuyesa chinenero cha zawo. The chinenero ndipo maziko a dziko lake kungoganiza, lotchedwa Middle-lapansi.

Pamene ndi amene analemba "The Hobbit"?

Ndi 1916, Tolkien analandira digiri anakwatiwa wokondedwa wake Edith Bratt. Pomaliza, anatenga udindo wa mphunzitsi Oxford. Ndi 1929, iye ndi Edith anadza mwana wachinayi. Kwa zaka ngati wolemba anayamba nthano yake yaikulu ya Middle-lapansi, lanyimbo lalifupi lotchedwa "The Silmarillion". Kuyambira nkhani izi "The Hobbit" (1936), lofalitsidwa wake woyamba ntchito. Nthano ana yosavuta za mnyamata amene amatenga gawo mu ulendo kwambiri; ankasewera kamvekedwe ka buku ndi mafano mwayiyesa iyo kugunda osati mwa ana komanso akuluakulu. Palibe munaganizapo amene analemba "The Hobbit" - dzina lake onse anali pa milomo. Bwino buku la Tolkien anabweretsa nambala yaikulu mafani amene anali wofunitsitsa kuphunzira zambiri za dziko zimene analenga padziko chilankhulo chake anatulukira ndi nthano, mbali yaing'ono ya amene angapezeke mu "The Hobbit." Kuyambira pamenepo, aliyense anadziwa amene analemba "The Hobbit", ndi Middle-lapansi, chinjoka Smaug ndi Bilbo.

Hobbit ndi akumidzi ku England

Chiwembu ndi zilembo za "The Hobbit", mungapeze zolinga za wakale achingelezi ndi Scandinavia epics amunamuna kuti Tolkien anaphunzira pamene anali kukhala mu England akumidzi a kalasi pakati. Mu njira zambiri, nthabwala ndi chithumwa buku lake lili kayendedwe ka Kumudzi England yosavuta 1930s mu zozizwitsa akale kolowera. Tolkien anavomereza kuti ngwazi wake, Bilbo Baggins, unalembedwa ku England akumidzi a nthawi. Tolkien anali munthu yemwe analemba "The Hobbit" mu English, chodalira osati pa kuyerekezera wanu, komanso chilengedwe.

Ndi nthawi Tolkien anayamba kugwira ntchito pa yotsatira kuti "The Hobbit" Iye anayamba kucheza ndi wina wotchuka pulofesa Oxford ndi wolemba CS Lewis, woyambitsa "The Mbiri ya Narnia." ubwenzi wawo kwa zaka zambiri. Tolkien ndi Lewis amafunitsitsa kutsutsa ntchito ya wina ndi mzake mu gulu mwamwayi olemba "maulendo amene ankachitika".

Ndipo kodi inu mukudziwa amene analemba "The Hobbit" ndi "Ambuye wa mphete"?

Kuyambira 1945 mpaka 1959, Tolkien anapitiriza kuphunzitsa pa Oxford ndipo analemba trilogy "Ambuye wa mphete" monga yotsatira kuti "The Hobbit." The trilogy wabweretsa ulemerero Tolkien ku England ndi America, koma sanachitepo chithunzi anthu. Iye anapitiriza ntchito ndi "Silmarillion" ndi nkhani zina maphwando a, moyo chete. Ngakhale kuzindikira pagulu, womasuka pakati pa anthu pakati kalasi, kumene iwo akanakhoza kulemba ndi kuganiza. Tolkien anamwalira pa September 2, 1973, kotero "Silmarillion" anali lolembedwa ndi lofalitsidwa ankati ndi mwana wake Christopher mu 1977.

Wolimba komanso wakhama Bilbo

Nkhani yaikulu buku "The Hobbit, kapena Pali ndipo Back Apanso" ndi chitukuko cha Bilbo ndi ngwazi. Buku ikuyamba ndi Bilbo Zikuoneka kuti owerenga wamanyazi Hobbit, momasuka ndi kupumula n'kukhutira awo mu dzenje mwamtendere pang'ono pa Thumba End. Pamene Gandalf adanena naye kuti kunali koyenera kupita pa ulendo ndi dwarves wa Thorin, Bilbo amakhala kwambiri moti iye faints. Koma m'kupita kwa buku la tikuona momwe m'kati Tikakumana maso ndi maso ndi zoopsa ndi mavuto, kulungamitsa mawu kale Gandalf kuti chizolowezi wamng'ono uyu ali kwambiri kwambiri kuposa zikuoneka pa koyamba.

Bilbo wabisa nkhokwe ya nyonga zomwe ngakhale Hobbit sitingakhoze kutenga kwambiri. Kuchitiridwa trolls ndi, choncho ndi mphete Gollum, Iphani kangaude, kupulumutsidwa dwarves mu Mirkwood ndi kuyankhula maso ndi maso ndi chinjokacho Smaug - zonsezi Bilbo anapereka mwayi kwa mwatsimikizadi wake. Bilbo amachita ngati ngwazi woona, ziribe kanthu zimene mayeso kapena anam'patsa tsogolo.

Dzhon Tolkin - amene analemba "Ambuye wa mphete" ndi "The Hobbit", ntchito zazikulu. Ndiwo kudzoza kwa chilengedwe awo anali malemba a epic akale (makamaka Scandinavia ndi achingelezi epics monga Beowulf), zomwe Tolkien anaphunzira ku Oxford. Tolkien analemba buku anabweretsa bwino yaikulu ndipo anamuika 'tate' wa zongopeka ano. Mu 2008, The Times, iye pachikhalidwe chimodzi mu mndandanda wa 50 olemba kwambiri British kuyambira mu 1945.