Aleksey Kruchenyh: yonena, ndakatulo

The momvetsa chisoni a ndakatulo iyi Alexei Kruchenykh moyo wautali, koma kuti ndi sewero. Iye ali zaka zoposa 30, anakakamizika kukhala moyo ankamuda munthu mu msewu. Bright nthawi ya moyo wake anali wamfupi koma yowala kwambiri, kuunikiridwa mwapang'ono.

Banja ndi Childhood

Anabadwa Alexei Kruchenykh February 21, 1886 m'mudzi m'chigawo Oliwa Kherson m'banja yosavuta. bambo ake adadza kwa m'mphawi maziko, anali woyamba kuchezera coachman pa munda, ndipo kwa zaka 8, futurist tsogolo ankakhala m'mudzi wina waung'ono wa nyumba 30, kenako bambo anga anaganiza zogulitsa nyumba m'mudzi anakhala woyendetsa zashuga mu Kherson, kotero kuti ubwana Alexey anakhala mu mzinda uno . Apa Kruchenykh maphunziro a sekondale mu magulu atatu, ndipo mu 1902 analowa chaka mu Odessa Art College. Choncho mapeto a chete ubwana anyamata. Kusankha malo kuphunzira kunachitika pansi pa mphamvu ya m'bale wake wamkulu, amene anali ndi talente chabwino cha zojambula za.

mnyamata wopanduka

Odessa College masiku amenewo kunali bwino sukulu luso la Russian Ufumu. Aleksey Kruchenyh anafika ndi ziyembekezo yosokoneza chinachake chowala ndi yowala, ndipo anakumana ndi khama, kuphunzira ndizosowa yomanga zojambula ndi zikuchokera. Ndinaphunzira kusukuluyi Kuzindikira ndi kalembedwe izi Kruchenykh analemba ntchito yake yoyamba, yomwe ankasiyana kufanana ndi chirengedwe, ndi umboni pamaso pa talente zokongola, woyambitsa wokhala sanali wagwidwa zilandiridwenso izi. Pa nthawi iyi mu Odessa unali moyo chipwirikiti: zambiri zosangalatsa, yogwira ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ndale, zonsezi chidwi Alexis. Iye anakhala nawo ntchito bwalo Marxist ndipo ngakhale kamodzi anamangidwa chifukwa chopezeka m'mabuku yoletsedwa, nthawi yomweyo unachitikira Kruchenykh wodziwa Davidom Burlyukom, woyambitsa tsogolo la Futurism Russian.

Nthawi yoyamba kuitana

Mu 1907 Kruchenyh Aleksey ali diploma ya maphunziro ndipo anapita Kherson kukhala mphunzitsi luso. Koma kudzakhala odzichitira pawokha wojambula, kotero utumiki anapita zoumbika mosiyanasiyana ndipo chaka chomwecho anakasuma mlandu yopemphera kwa School Moscow wa Painting. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti sukulu yake sanamvere, mu chaka cha 1907 anapita ku Moscow ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kukhala wojambula.

Mu Moscow, iye amapeza anzawo ambiri mu malo luso akuyamba ntchito mu magazini "Alamu" ndi "Spring", mu "nyuzipepala Moscow" ngati Illustrator ndi caricaturist. Iye anatchuka kwambiri monga cartoonist, ndipo ngakhale analenga mndandanda wa ntchito "Onse Moscow mu zojambula" anatumidwa ndi yosindikiza nyumba yaikulu. Iye ndithu bwinobwino ukugwira zilandiridwenso, amagonjetsa sukulu ake apamwamba, iye anawapeza kalembedwe wake, koma m'maloto - mabuku kalasi. Kruchenykh nawo mu nthawi chionetsero cha Art Society of Moscow ojambula zithunzi mu chionetsero "The Impressionists". Ndi mbali ya bwalo la Russian avant-garde, anakumana ndi Elena Guro, Mihailom Matyushinym, Vasiliem Kamenskim.

zolembalemba ntchito

Kruchenykh Alex Eliseevich zolembalemba ntchito amayamba ndi nkhani yovuta, ndemanga buku, satirical ndakatulo. Iye akuona kuti mabuku - ndi bizinesi yake yaikulu ya moyo. Mu 1912, iye anakomana ndi Vladimir Mayakovsky ndi Velimir Khlebnikov, amene anathandiza kupanga maganizo komaliza Kruchenykh amene ankadziona ngati Mlengi wa ndakatulo latsopano. Iye analemba nkhani yochepa ndi ndemanga zosiyana kwambiri kalembedwe kuchokera ozungulira zenizeni zolembalemba, limene ayesera kufotokoza maganizo declarative za tsogolo la anthu ndi luso losiyanasiyana.

Aleksey Kruchenyh ndi Russian avant-garde

Aleksey Kruchenyh, amene yonena ku 1910s chokhudzana ndi kayendedwe avant-garde zojambulajambula, anakhala membala yogwira zazikulu ambiri mu malo luso la Moscow. Mu 1911, iye anakomana ndi Benedict Livshits, amene pamodzi ndi abale ake Burliuk ndi Alekseem Kruchenyh kenako kutsitsimutsa futuristic anthu "budetliane". Pa nthawi iyi, avant-garde azipeza mu dziko, pali makalabu osiyanasiyana komanso magulu, limene limalimbikitsa chitukuko cha luso latsopano.

Maganizo onse a awa ali otchuka kwambiri ndi Alex, iye collaborates ndi magulu angapo ndipo zimafunika amasulidwe anthologies angapo futurists, "Zadoki oweruza", "Troy", "Akufa Moon", "mbama mu nkhope ya kukoma pagulu". Kruchenykh komanso kumasuka mabuku awo ndi nkhani ndi ndakatulo ongolankhula, ndipo zikuoneka pano m'njira ziwiri: osati monga wolemba ndi theorist, komanso mlengi zojambulajambula. 1912 anali wolemera mu zochitika luso, amazipotokola nawo gulu D. Burliuk "Gilee" amagwirizana ndi "Jack ya diamondi", mtsikanayu kutsutsana ndi yokopa anthu.

ndakatulo zilandiridwenso

Mu 1912, Alex Kruchenykh ndakatulo imene aonekere, akuyamba ntchito limodzi ndi Velimir Khlebnikov. Nthawi iyi, onse ndakatulo iyi kwambiri chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe cha ndakatulo kuti "mwini" chinenero, onse ankatsutsa ndakatulo, kumasula ake asamangonyong'onyeka maphunziro. Kruchenykh anabweretsa Khlebnikov kusonyeza chiyambi cha ndakatulo yake, ndipo iye anayamba kuwerenga, mwadzidzidzi anayamba kumanga pa anapitiriza. Choncho anabadwa ndakatulo mogwirizana «The Game ku Gahena." Kenako, iwo pamodzi kulemba libretto kwa Futurist sewero la "Kugonjetsa Dzuwa".

Izi anayamba ntchito Kruchenykh m'munda wa avant-garde ndakatulo, anafalitsa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu buku la ndakatulo "Old Chikondi" chomwe akupitiriza kukhala mwambo primitivist. Buku, ngati ndakatuloyi Chitsanzo pa chabwino Russian avant-garde Larionov ndi Natalia Goncharova, woimira chitsanzo cha mawu kaphatikizidwe, ndi zithunzi. Kruchenykh akuyamba zatsopano kulenga mavesi n'kosathandiza, powulula anatulukira mfundo ya "Mirskontsa", yomwe kenako anazindikira pa mndandanda wa ntchito ndi Khlebnikov ndi torsion a dzina lomweli.

Mu zaka 1913-14 Kruchenykh kwambiri ndi kalembedwe watsopano - mabuku zamkhutu, anayamba kulemba ndakatulo mu chinenero anatulukira wake. ntchito yatsopano m'gulu zosonkhanitsira "atadzipaka mmilomo". Yotchuka kwambiri awa anali lemba:

schyl mabowo Blvd.

ubeshschur

skooma

muli ndi Bu

tsa L Ezekieli ..

Malinga Kruchenykh, zinali zambiri za mzimu Russian dziko, kuposa mu ndakatulo onse Pushkin. Choncho khama lake zolembalemba kupitiriza mpaka 1930, pamene lofalitsidwa ndi mndandanda wa ndakatulo "Ironiada".

Zaka popanda ndakatulo

Popeza 1930, Kruchenyh Aleksey Eliseevich amene zithunzi nthawi zambiri mu zopereka ntchito za avant-garde, ayamba kuchoka mabuku. Anzake imbuluke, anafa Mayakovsky ndi Khlebnikov, Burliuk abale, ngati futurists ena ambiri ndi amisiri patsogolo ndi ndakatulo, kusiya dziko.

Kuyambira 1934, ntchito Kruchenykh idaleka kufalitsa, pambuyo pake anakana chikuonetseratu kuti Union of Writers. Iwo ukugwira yachiwiri dzanja ndi ntchito zosowa zakale, akukonzekera kusindikiza bukhu la anzake, makamaka Mayakovsky ndi Khlebnikov. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Alexei ntchito pa uthenga bungwe "TASS Windows". Pa moyo wake Kruchenykh anatola laibulale wapadera. Boma Soviet sanalole ndakatulo ntchito, iye anali mawu ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zaka 2 okha asanafe anamutenga mu moyo wa recital a. June 17, 1968 Alex Eliseevich Kruchenykh anafa.