Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - Chief Wopanga machitidwe roketi: yonena, banja, kulemekeza kukumbukira

Zofunika kwambiri ndi wotchuka kupanga nkhondo ya Soviet Union anakhala ndi moyo ndi mlengi ambiri, dzina lake limaimira mu mbiri, pamodzi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa dziko. Iwo Academician Glushko, amene analenga ambiri injini ndege wamphamvu. Valentin Petrovich, ngakhale masewera ambiri, chinthu chachikulu mu moyo wake limanenedwa ngati mwana.

kuyambira

Anabadwa tsogolo academician Glushko ku Odessa mu 1908, ndipo mu 1924 maphunziro ku sukulu ntchito "Chitsulo" dzina Trotsky a. Pa fifitini, iye kale anali otanganidwa, yomwe inatenga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, makalata ndi Tsiolkovsky yekha, amene anatumiza mnyamatayu ntchito zake zonse latsopano. Izi wanzeru mnyamata akadali kutali msinkhu wake kale nkhani za kufufuza malo ndi nsangala analemba bukhu za mavuto yokumba ya mapulaneti. Mu makumi zaka mazana makumi awiri, pamene ndege ndi anthu ambiri sitinamuone! Mu 1925 achinyamata Glushko anapita ku Leningrad kuphunzira kumeneko ku yunivesite, chifukwa kudziwa kunali koyenera kuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa maloto onse.

Zovuta kuphunzira sayansi ndi masamu luso! Inde ndi dziko anali ndi nthawi yovuta - kuchira zoopsa owonongedwa. Koma tsogolo academician Glushko sanadandaulepo za kusowa kwa ndalama, iye sanali wophunzira magalimoto yotsitsa, ndipo ankagwira ntchito sayansi. Njala, ozizira, ndipo ena kulandidwa ndi maziko awa amene adabvutika iye pang'ono. Ndipo izo ndithudi kwakhululukidwa: mu 1933 Glushko Valentin Petrovich anali mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya anayambitsa roketi kafukufuku, ndi wina patatha zaka zitatu - mlengi mkulu wa injini ndege.

Kuchoka m'maso kuwafunsa mafunso ochititsa manyazi

Kuyambira 1933 madzi Jets analengedwa ndi mlengi wanzeru, kukula chiwerengero cha zosintha. Ndiye ine ndinabadwa wotchuka OPM 65 injini, amene anakonza kuikidwa pa aerotorpedy monga zida ndege komanso zinachitika nkhondo zamakono - ndi ndege roketi. Mu 1938, tsogolo academician Glushko Akuti pa mtengo wake weniweni.

zobisika wake, adzaweruzidwa "chifukwa zonyoza zimayenda," monga akatswiri onse otchuka ndi okonza a dziko. M'ndende kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu m'misasa, adatuma "mu sharashka" yotsekedwa CB kuti kafukufuku zina. Choyamba, Tushino pa ndege mbewu № 82, mmene Valentin Petrovich anakonzedwa launchers roketi wokwera pa ndege. Kwenikweni roketi sayansi, mu maonekedwe ake angwiro, ndi sadaone chinthu zothandiza, koma posakhalitsa zinthu zinasintha.

pamaso chigonjetso

Glushko Valentin Petrovich linatulutsidwa mu 1944. Nthawi yomweyo woyang'anira odziwa, kapena, bwino kunena - wapadera kamangidwe amasinthira ku Kazan, kumene Motors apadera otukuka. Mu 1946, iye anali m'gulu la anthu amene anaphunzira ku Germany, chitukuko German m'dera chida.

Pochokera kumeneko ndi maganizo atsopano Glushko wakhala akugwira ntchito mu wotembenuka OKB-456 pa fakitale ndege mu Khimki, komwe mu 1948 panali woyamba wa Rd 100 injini chifukwa roketi, ndiyeno ndi anthu enanso ambirimbiri amene iwo zosiyanasiyana zinthu zouluka. Glushko Valentin Petrovich, amene yonena kotheratu okhudzidwa ndi injini ndege, ndiye anakhala mtsogoleri yamphamvu m'chilengedwe chawo.

mtengo

Mu 1974 ndinayamba kugwira ntchito gulu latsopano kwambiri, lotsogoledwa ndi Academician Glushko, - "Energia", zimene zinaphatikizapo OKB-456 OKB-1. General Mlengi adzagonjetsa Inde zopatsidwa kwa iye ndi kampani kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake onse Russian danga pulogalamu, kuphatikizapo ano, munthu uyu ayenera pafupifupi aliyense. Zinali iye amene analenga injini spacecraft "East" - kuchokera ndege yoyamba mu danga pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa siteshoni mu kanjira. Popanda danga takwanitsa kuchita akanakhala yosiyana. Mwina sizingakhale onse.

Choncho anakhazikitsa mu Odessa chipilala cha Valentin Glushko, pa Njira wokongola, amatchedwanso dzina la "pamwamba-chinsinsi" munthu. Ndipo pa opita Alley ali ndi chipilala mu Moscow. Komabe, anathandiza kuti lawo sangathe n'kofunika. Valentin Petrovich Glushko - Hero wa Socialist Labor (kawiri), ali Magulu asanu Lenin ndi Red mbendera ya Labor ndi October kuukira boma, mendulo ambiri. Iye ali wopambana wa Lenin ndi State mphoto ya USSR.

Korolev

More OKB-1 ndi mlengi kwambiri ntchito akatswiri lalikulu limene Iye analoledwa mu ofesi paokha (kulingalira momwe izi mkaidi amtengo, amene amalola kuti). Anthu lodziwika bwino: Umansky, Zheltukhin, Mapepala, koyilo, Strakhovich, Zhiritsky ndi ena ambiri. Mu 1942, anapempha Chief Mlengi Glushko kale mu Kazan iye anasamutsidwa kuti munthu ambiri lodziwika bwino, amene anagonjetsa danga.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich ndi Korolev SERGEY Pavlovich ichitikire kukhala zida ambiri ankhondo, zimene zinabweretsa chigonjetso dziko. Roketi injini akhala anaika pa Pe-2, ndipo pomwepo pamwamba liwiro anali 180 Km paola. Amayesedwa ndi Yak-3, La-7, Lamulungu-7. chiwerengero cha kukula chinali chosangalatsa - mpaka makilomita mazana awiri pa ora. Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kwakusiyana injini zasintha kwambiri tsoka chida luso.

Relations ndi maulamuliro

Stalin patsogolo "anamasula" Glushko ndi kuchotsedwa kukhudzidwa mu 1944. Koma mapulani moyo nkhaniyi sanasinthe chilichonse. Iye nthawizonse, kaya zombo, anali munthu wa wachinsinsi ndipo unazunguliridwa ndi mbali yotsala ya linga lalikulu la ntchito yonse yolenga zinthu zofunika ndi dziko kuti amafuna mtima ndi moyo. Koma Glushko bwino ntchito Stalinist manja. Iye anapereka mtsogoleri mndandanda wa anthu makumi atatu amene analinso anamasulidwa oyambirira ndi kusiya ntchito mu KB. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika. Ambiri mwa anthu awa woponya zambiri awo ndi Glushko muyaya.

Ndipo kuyambira mu 1945, otsiriza natsutsa kwa zaka zambiri anthu anakhala mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti mu Kazan Aviation Institute, komwe anagwira injini ndege kukonzekera othandizira woyenera yekha ndi amasinthira wake. More chochititsa chidwi, dzulo anadzudzula roketi kuphunzira Germany "chifukwa zonyoza zimayenda" ndi zaka theka (zaka 1945-1947), pokhala pa ulendo malonda. Zikho - German roketi sayansi - mlengi, ndithudi, chidwi. Komanso za ubwenzi wa mphamvu ndi chimadalira kulenga nkhani iyi, nayenso, ine ndinati kwambiri. Ndi Stalin pa Glushko anali inayi msonkhano wapadera, imene inafotokoza roketi zoweta. mtsogoleri anafunsa mafunso wophunzira, waluntha, oyenerera.

danga

Mu 1953 Glushko anasankhidwa kuti Academy of Sciences, membala lolingana, ndipo mu 1957, popanda kuteteza ndi nkhani yolembedwa HAC kupereka iye digiri. Ndi nthawi kuika maloto ana awo. Valentin Petrovich ayambe pulogalamu kwambiri zinakhazikitsa okwerera yozungulira, ngakhale midzi yosiyanasiyana, ndi dzanja lake kuunika reusable spacecraft. Iye anaganizira ntchito pa chitukuko cha Venus ndi Mars, anakonza flights kuti asteroids.

Ndipo ambiri maloto ake, pronesonnyh kupyolera moyo lonse kuonekera. The kukhazikitsidwa kwa ilili oyamba kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira dziko ali anakankhira dziko kukula mofulumira roketi lapansi. Uthenga Padziko Lapansi anayamba kuthandiza yozungulira siteshoni "Mir", "Mulankhule" ndi zinakhazikitsa spacecraft "Soyuz" ndi sitima zapamadzi "Patsogolo", amene akupangidwa Valentin Petrovich Glushko. Koma ambiri sichinakwaniritsidwe kotero kutali.

mwezi

Glushko anatsogolera chitukuko cha siteshoni mwezi, amene adzakhala nthawi zonse panali anthu. Chisoni ntchito "pamwamba chinsinsi" sangalole anthu kulimbikitsa mfundo imeneyi, choncho, pamene pambuyo imalankhula zinalephereka wa H-1 mwezi pulogalamu chinatsekedwa palibe adzalira koma mlengi aakulu. Ndipo ngakhale kuti kwambiri kuti izo zinachitika, sanathe kumutonthoza mpaka kumapeto. Ndipo zinafika pochitika? Fifite zosintha injini madzi, amene tsopano kugwiritsidwa pa zitsanzo ziwiri za mlengalenga ndi mivi asilikali. Zinali motsogozedwa wake ndi injini maroketi anapezerapo siteshoni zodziwikiratu kuti Mars, Venus ndi Moon, iwo amagwiritsidwa anaika pa zinakhazikitsa spacecraft "Soyuz" ndi "East", ndi mochuluka bwanji yokumba mwezi ndi makina kuika mu kanjira ndi thandizo lawo!

spacecraft A "Buran" anakamba pansi pa utsogoleri Glushko, ndi m'mlengalenga mosavuta anatengedwa ndegeyo zimaonetsa atsopano kutentha kutetezedwa zipangizo, kuchokera kuwerengetsera kompyuta mu makumi a zikwi zithunzi, ndi injini, amphamvu kwambiri lero - Rd-170, Glushko mwana, osati wolephera, ndiponso m'njira zambiri kuposa ngakhale "Olumikiza"! chipangizo kwenikweni wopanda! Koma ... musati pachimake mitengo apulo pa Mars, osati pa mwezi amalondola mayendedwe athu. Sitidikira Valentine Petrovich. Mu 1989, iye anamwalira, ndipo dzina lake la International zakuthambo Union dzina lake ndi Chigwa pa mbali yapadziko lapansi ya Mwezi. Mwinamwake mmodzi vlok usiku kwa iye chachikulu yogwira wolota.

akazi

Akazi ndi kutikonda kwambiri Glushko Valentin Petrovich. Banja kotero iye anali nokha, ngakhale "mobisa", stints yaitali "sharashkas" woipa mtima ndiponso ntchito. Nthawi yoyamba iye anakwatira pa naintini, pamene wophunzira pa University of Leningrad. magalimoto iye sanali yotsitsa, koma pamene izo zinali makamaka njala, pang'ono moonlighting kukonza nyumba, kumene anapeza zakale Odessa mtsikana Susanna Georgievskaya, wolemba m'tsogolo. Kodi chinachitika pakati banjali, chifukwa iwo atalekana, anakhalabe chinsinsi. Koma zochitika ndi chodabwitsa. Valentin anavulala ndi firearm a. Ananena kuti chifukwa - osasamalira akuchitira. Akutsatiridwa ndi chilekano.

Pali mkazi watsopano kukwatira zomwe iye sanatero - Tamara Sarkisov. Komabe, mwana wamkazi wa Eugene nayo nthawi kuti abadwe. Mmangeni Glushko Tamara anali ndi mantha ndipo amasiya maubwenzi anu onse. Choncho, pamene mpata, Glushko izo sanabwerere - si kophweka. Mu Germany, iye anali mphunzitsi wotchedwa Magda ndi ana anabadwa - Yuri ndi Elena. Iye ayenera kuti chinachake, zimene mbiri chete. Glushko munthu chidwi kwambiri ndi chabe, ndipo namatetule kampira pamwamba pa iye kudawaunikira mosaneneka. Koma mu 1959, pamene mlengi anali makumi asanu ndi chimodzi mwa moyo wake anaonekera Lydia Naryshkin, msungwana wa khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, amene ankagwira ntchito CB wake "Energomash" mu Khimki, amene anali kukhala kwa zaka twente-eyiti, anabweretsa mwana zabwino.