Zomera - ndi chiyani ichi? mitundu chomera

Dziko lonse ndi osiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Chilengedwe zomwe ife kuona tsiku lililonse - ndi kwenikweni ufumu waukulu, umene mpaka zomera. Nthawizina ife kutama iwo, nthawi zina osaganizira, koma mfundo ndi zomera - ndi dziko osiyana lozungulira ife. Iye amakhala ndi Mitundu malinga ndi malamulo awo payekha, koma popanda analipo sakanabwereranso nyama kapena anthu.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Ndithudi aliyense wa ife kudziwa mayina a ena zomera ndi momwe iwo kuyang'ana mu chenicheni. anthu ambiri mosavuta Tatero masamba mgoza ku mthethe, maluwa tulip poppy. Koma zomera sayansi kuyankha, kodi mitundu, banja kapena kalasi imene chomera watipatsa dzina malo ake ndi mokoma ena osadziwika kwa anthu wamba.

Ndipotu, mbewu - dongosolo multicellular kuti waika wakale Greece dzina Aristotle mu kalasi ya zamoyo, sangathe kusuntha. Monga tikudziwa, zomera ndi chibadidwe kukula ndi chitukuko, koma kusamukira ku malo.

Mmodzi tanthauzo lenileni la dzina limeneli si pano, koma asayansi onse afike pomvetsetsa kuti zomera - ndi umodzi wapadera chamoyo. Uyamiko kwa Iye, Kodi kutha kwa chikhalidwe zinthu zachilengedwe zina Komanso, iwo bwinobwino ndi ntchito.

Zizindikiro za zomera

Ngakhale kuti m'dziko pali kuchuluka yaikulu ya zomera (320 000 mitundu, koma malinga ndi zina, pali za 350 000), pali zambiri zimene mungachite, amene ali m'magulu pafupifupi onse zinthu ngati:

• nembanemba wandiweyani wa mapadi maselo mwachibadwa.
• Pamaso pa chloroplast ndi pigment wobiriwira umene timapuma chikuchitika, ndi chifukwa, pali mtundu wobiriwira masamba.
• Zomera sangathe kusamukira ku malo.
• Kukula kwa zinthu izi zichitika mosalekeza, lonse moyo mkombero.
• Lamulo la zomera likuvutika mahomoni mbewu.

Bzalani zosiyanasiyana

Monga tanenera, sayansi amadziwa kuchuluka yaikulu zomera. zomera - amene anapangitsa kuti ali ndi makhalidwe ena ofanana ndi akatengela apabanja. Mwachitsanzo, osakwatiwa-mitundu ankaona maluwa: May, siliva, Transcaucasus. Choncho wachinsinsi osati zomera, koma nyama ndi zamoyo zina.

View ophatikizidwa mu mtundu, ndi mtundu - m'banja, banja - kuti, lamulo - mu kalasi, kalasi - mu dipatimenti, amenenso - m'gululo. zomera apamwamba - amene anapangitsa kuti ndi zosiyanasiyana zovuta. Iwo agawidwa mu mizu, masamba ndi tsinde (kapena thunthu).

Wosiyana kwambiri ndi amaundido apamwamba ndi zomera m'munsi - anthu amene amakhala mu madzi, alibe mizu, maluwa, zimayambira. Iwo akhoza kukhala zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi lalikulu kwambiri, kufika 50-60 mamita m'litali. mbadwo uwu si zachilendo zomera zonse, popanda yekha.

Pali mitundu sakudziwika kwa sayansi, iwo anatsegula chaka chilichonse asayansi padziko lonse, investigates ndi kugwera mu gulu la ambiri. Ngati zinthu zoterozo mu gulu ili kulenga latsopano. Palinso zomera zimene anazimiririka ku nkhope ya dziko. mitundu amatchedwa pangozi kapena pangozi. Iwo analowa mu Red Book.

Kuwonjezera zosiyanasiyana mitundu chomera amasiyana mu mawonekedwe awo a moyo - kuti maonekedwe, zomwe ife tinkakonda kuwona momuzungulira. Awa ndi mitengo, zitsamba, mipesa, zitsamba, succulents ndi zitsamba. Aliyense wa mitundu imeneyi ndi chibadidwe matabwa ake.

Kodi ndi mu mbewu

Mbewu iliyonse ali yake yapadera kapangidwe. Malinga mtundu wa izo zinasinthidwira. Ena a iwo unicellular, pamene ena ndi dongosolo zovuta kwa dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo - ndi chomera wa gulu apamwamba. Iwo ali magawo angapo ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu zovuta kwambiri zomera.

Ngakhale, ambiri a mbewu ndizo muzu mapulaniwo kapena thunthu (a mitengo ndi zitsamba), masamba, nthawi zina - mitundu imene zipatso angathe. Ena mitundu, monga chilombo ananyamuka, ananyamuka tchire ndi mthethe ndi minga. Iwo amagwira ntchito ndi zoteteza zomera, kuti iwo samakhoza kudya nyama kapena kuvulaza anthu.

Mobisa ndi gawo pamwamba-pansi kwa mbewu

Muzu wa chomera - ndi limene limafotokoza za umoyo. Ndi ambiri amangoti ili pansi ndi kuyamwitsa thupi ndi chinyezi ndi zakudya. Popanda mbali imeneyi ya mbewu monga amafa. Chifukwa mpesa akhoza zimafalitsidwa ndi mitengo ina. Popanda, iwo adzawonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, Mumapezekanso, ngakhale anali anakumba kuchokera pansi kwa chaka chamawa akhoza kachiwiri kukula pafupi pamalo kuloŵedwa m'malo ake anali kukula.

Iwo anachoka ku muzu phesi. Iye anakonza mbali zina zimene zomera apamwamba. Izi ndi zofunika chigawo chimodzi cha zamoyo, chifukwa masamba ake, maluwa ndi zipatso aziwapatsa madzi, mchere, masamba madzi zikamamvekamveka. Ngati mizu mulibe zakudya zokwanira, tsinde adzakhala aulesi ndi kuchepa kapena kufa.

Mapesi, ngakhale kusinthidwa, angatchedwe impso (zoyambira za tsinde limene kukula mphukira), spines (mphukira lalifupi ndi nsonga lakuthwa - anauka, chilombo ananyamuka), masharubu (mphesa), platyclade (cacti) ndi pseudobulbs (thickening padziko pansi pa ena maluwa).

Mobisa zimayambira ogaŵikana pomwepo kenaka (osiyanasiyana mitengo), tubers (mbatata), stolons (ADOXA), babu (anyezi, kakombo), tubers (Gladiolus). Mu mitundu ina, iwo amakhala okha kubereka, pamene ena - m'munsi kwa masamba.

Mbali inanso uliri zomera apamwamba - pepala. Chotero anaitana thupi akunja omwe kumatanthauza photosynthesis, akhoza msampha chinyezi ndi zakudya.

Flower, zipatso, mbewu ...

Izi ziwalo za zomera amatchedwa zobereka, mwachitsanzo ubereki. Ndi chifukwa iwo ndi akuwatsimikizira moyo mitundu Padziko Lapansi. Pamene anatsimikiza ndi nthawi mbewu iliyonse, zikuoneka duwa, ndiye thupi ndi wokonzeka kubereketsa zomera ndi kuswana zina. Zovuta maluwa dongosolo amapulumutsa NYENJE ndi stamens mungu iwo, kotero kuti pambuyo pa malo ake anaonekera chipatso. metamorphosis ili yodziwika ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndi ena tchire.

Ena oimira maluwa ndi maluwa pa tsinde la pistil wa, ovule ndi kumene mbewu kukhala. Oimira mtundu uwu wa zomera ndi tirigu, poppy ndi ena.

The zipatso za mbewu - ndi chinthu chotsiriza mu chitukuko cha duwa. Lili zinthu zambiri zothandiza kuti thupi la munthu, ndizo zofunika wabwinobwino ndi chitukuko. Kuyendera zipatso zonse za sayansi wapadera - carpology. Ndipotu, gulu lawo ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi yaikulu.

Iwo amapezeka chipatso cha zomera mbewu. Iwo anapanga kuchokera ovule ndi mbali mwa zomwe anthu adzapitiriza lembani. Kudzala mbewu - ichi nyongolosi ya tsogolo la thupi, amene adzabadwa mu nthawi yotsatira kukula.

Chifukwa zomera?

Popanda zomera sipakanakhala nyama kapena a munthu. Kuti ndi udindo wawo zofunika kwambiri pa dziko lonse. Zomera - amene anapangitsa kuti kuyamwa dzuwa mphamvu ndi kusintha mu mfundo zofunika okha. Iwo yodziwika ndi kuthekera kuti akonzanso mpweya. Kungolandira zoipa carbon dioxide, iwo kumasula oxygen. Choncho, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti pali lonse lapadziko m'chilengedwe kudzera zomera.

Zomera ndi chakudya cha nyama ndi anthu. Popanda sipakadakhala moyo. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali kuweta zomera ndi kulima awo. Ndipotu, osati aliyense wa iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati Mwachitsanzo, zinali mbatata, amene kukula pa m'minda ya America mu zosafunika kwathunthu chakudya. Koma pamene anabweretsedwa ku Europe ndi kuŵetedwa anakhala masamba anthu okhala padziko lathuli.

chitetezo Environmental

Sikuti processing mpweya zoipa mbewu mpweya otchuka. Iwo ali ubwino kwambiri pa kupoletsa mphamvu m'chilengedwe ena. Zomera - weniweni mpweya chigoba cha dziko limene amathandiza moyo thandizo pa izo.

Komanso, oimira zomera ndi chakudya chachikulu herbivores ambiri. Kusadya nyama, akanakhala pa zobvuta kupulumuka. Choncho, zinthu izi ndi zothandiza kwambiri zolinga chakudya.

Komanso, makamaka kwa nthaka. Wood - ndi chomera mizu yake yaitali kupewa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, amasunga mabanki mtsinje kuchokera kukhetsa.

Flower - chomera kumabweretsa kwambiri maganizo abwino. Izo kwa maholide, wamkulu pa windowsills ndi amasirira zokongola shimmering ndi wapadera fungo.

Pomaliza

Yofunika kwambiri topezeka a dziko wotanganidwa ndi zomera zonse. Iwo kudya tizilombo mungu. Ambiri, palibe zomera padzikoli palibe konse.