Zojambulajambula Kurbe Gyustav: The Life ndi Ntchito

Kurbe Gyustav (1819-1877) - zojambulajambula, kuvekedwa ndi talente ndithu, pafupifupi kudziona anaphunzitsa. Iye anapereka mwadala mpaka kalembedwe maphunziro a kupenta ndipo anakhala woyambitsa wa Kuzindikira, zapita ntchito mochedwa mu naturalism mwachindunji. Wanzeru mavuto Gyustav Kurbe amene chithunzi (pamwamba) zachitika zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, zikuwoneka munthu woganiza amene sali kuyesera kuyang'ana bwino kwambiri.

ubwana

Kurbe Gyustav anabadwa m'tauni yaing'ono (malinga ndi mfundo zathu m'mudzi) ndi anthu zikwi zitatu mu Ornans, pafupi Switzerland. Atate ndinalota kuti mwana wake ndi loya, kotero adamtumiza mu 1837 kuphunzira pa Royal College mumzinda wa Besancon, yomwe ili kutali na kunyumba kwake. Nzeru zake yekha Kurbe Gyustav akuyamba makalasi mu penti motsogoleredwa ndi wophunzira Davide.

Paris

Mu zaka makumi awiri, mnyamata amapita ku likulu, mwaumbanda kusintha chidziwitso mu lamulo. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti amachezera Louvre ndi luso zokambirana, limene kale anaganiza kuchita kanthu. Koma mmodzi wa zokambirana, iye kaye: kumeneko munaphunzitsidwa kujambula nudes.

chionetsero

Chionetsero woyamba pa Salon Kurbe Gyustav anapereka kudzikonda kwake chithunzi ndi galu. Ndi kale kuonekera palokha cholembedwa akadali chikondi wojambula amene akufunafuna njira yake. Free, odzikuza, palokha mnyamata otchulidwa phanga la ovuta kuthengo. Ndi chete kudzikuza iye amayang'ana mwachindunji wowerenga lapansi. Diso za golide gawo mzere, kotero kuti wowerenga sanathe kugwetsera ndekha kutali kwa izo. Njira imeneyi wakhala mobwerezabwereza ndipo anavutika anabwereka za akatswiri Leonardo. Apanso, si okhoza ndithu kukonza. Koma zabwino ndi chete chisoni spaniel ndi golide bulauni chikondwerero mtundu, ndipo sakonda kuonekera malo mu kuya kwa chithunzi. Ntchito zina za wojambula mu okonzera sanali anavomera.

Zaluso ndi ndale

Paris wakhala politicized mzinda. Izo zonse m'kati mu mmasate ndi makumi anai, ndi kuukira boma la 1848 ndipo anachita chidwi ndi Courbet. Iye ndi anzake anayambitsa Socialist Club ndi kutitengera choyimira cha anthu. Koma okwatiranawo Gustave anapita. Pa nthawiyi, chithunzicho wakhala mu Netherlands ndipo anabweretsa chilakolako bwino kuswa kwathunthu ndi romanticism. Kupanga yachilendo zochokera angapo zojambula, Gyustav Kurbe, amene ntchito anakanidwa kusanachitike, mu 1849, anasonyeza pa Salon 7 zojambula. Ndiye izo adawomba nthawi yoyamba mawu "Kuzindikira", ndi wina wa ntchito, "Masana pa Ornans," anapambana chachiwiri golide Mendulo.

"Maliro pa Ornans" (1849)

Izi chinsalu chachikulu kuyeza mamita oposa atatu m'litali ndi kutalika kuposa theka chithunzicho Gyustav Kurbe zoyenera imodzi grandfathers wake. Ziwerengero pa lona anapanga kukula pafupifupi achilengedwe. m'tauni onse anayesa kupeza chithunzi-yadzaoneni. Izo zikusonyeza ndi kuimba, ndi wansembe, ndi mfumu ya mzinda, ndipo anthu zovala zakuda maliro. Mtundu kumvera pa kulankhula anapangidwa pa woyera ndi wofiira wovala azibusa. Chidwi adamkwezetsa pamwamba anthu atayimirira mtanda chakumbuyo. chiwembu ndi prosaic ndithu, koma chidwi ndi chithunzi zithunzi izi za anthu amene analenga Courbet, mkuuka generalizations. Kuika mtima pa ndondomeko ya maliro, osati machitidwe a mochedwa kapena pambuyo mortem kuli moyo, zojambulajambula anadzionetsa ndi realist wathunthu.

Sanazindikire mwa Paris, chifukwa mwa mwambo wamba kulenga ngati chithunzi yaikulu, ngakhale ndi planar zikuchokera. Pa World Chiwonetsero mu 1855 kuti sanatenge, koma loweruza anasankha ntchito khumi Courbet iye. Koma musamwe chithunzi cha chionetsero "Atelier", imene Courbet akufotokoza mfundo zake luso. Ndiye okwana perturbation wojambula limakonza chionetsero wake, yemwe ndi nsalu zokha ayi 40. Iye limafalitsa "The Ndondomeko ya Kuzindikira," ndipo monga maitre abut onse amene amalalikira Kuzindikira ndi chithunzi. Zimenezi zimachititsa manyazi anthu.

"Tirigu sifters" (1854)

Amadziwika kuti anafunsa kuti Courbet, kusonyeza katundu wamba ntchito, alongo ake awiri komanso bwenzi la mwanayo. Mufilimuyi analandira phokoso mokondwera chifukwa cha mtundu golide ndi chimaimira kavalidwe mtsikana ataima pakati pa kapangidwe ndi yomweyo anthu amakopeka. Ryzhenkaja wokongola mphaka amagona pafupi mkazi matalala mu imvi, sizinali m'mlengalenga ndi popanda chinsinsi chachikulu. Si bwino chifukwa chake kutseka chitseko zojambulidwa chifuwa pachifuwa, limene lili pafupi mnyamatayu.

"Pergola" (1862)

Cithunzithunzi ici cirikulatiza wina Courbet, okhoza kusangalala kukongola kwa akazi, kuyerekeza ndi zobiriwira maluwa kukwera maluwa pa pergola lapansi. Bwino pa golide gawo mzere apatsira zikuchokera gawo, mbali yaikulu ya amene ali woyera, lalanje ndi wofiira maluwa. Kaso silhouette msungwana atayima mu mbiri ndi manja anamuukitsa kwa pamwamba gululi lapansi. Translucent manja woyera ndi yamuofesi kugwirizana ndi mitundu moyandikana ndi kavalidwe mwa kamvekedwe chikugwirizana ndi mithunzi pansi mkono wake wakumanzere ndi masamba shaded kumanzere pa chithunzipo. Apa Courbet anadzionetsa ngati colorist wochenjera.

"Chiyambi cha World" (1866)

Ine sindikufuna kukhala pa ntchito imeneyi. Ndi zosasangalatsa kwambiri kwa munthu ndi psyche wathanzi, sangakhale ndi vuto voyeurism Munthu mphindi bwino kwambiri moyo wake. pachithunzipa chikusonyezera torso ya mkazi wopanda nkhope. Pamaso pa omvetsera pafupi-mmwamba limasonyeza lotseguka akumaliseche osadziwika. Apa pali mmodzi wa ofufuza akuti zitsanzo zojambula "Chiyambi cha World" (Gyustav Kurbe), imene ikuimiridwa ndi chithunzi apa. Izi chithunzi zosangalatsa chabe voyeur amene amapeza okhutira pamene anasonyeza kumaliseche ndi anyamata ena a anthu ndi kanthu kwambiri. munthu wathanzi si chofunika, ndipo tione opus izi si zabwino. Umangofuna msanga kuiwala zinthu zofanana.

Nthawi imeneyi, Courbet amalenga zambiri zojambula kumbali, lomwe ndi wapadera mukamamasuka nawo ndi kuwauza "sleepers." naturalism ichi ndi chiweruzo cha bwalo ngati munthu mu msewu, ndipo anthu ndi mayina. Koma amakhalabe ndi othandiza odzipereka a Proudhon, amene chithunzi iye anajambula.

"Wave" (1870)

malo Izi imatengedwa mwaluso ndi Courbet. Nsalu pafupifupi hafu imene kumwamba ndi nyanja. Mitambo mwamphamvu anatseka kumwamba. mitundu yawo shimmer ku grayish-wobiriwira wofiirira-pinki ndi zidzasintha kukongola. mafunde a mtundu nalonso ndi malankhulidwe onse a zobiriwira, kupanga zosiyanasiyana zotsatira kwambiri mtundu. Izo mwangwiro amapereka mphamvu ya zachilengedwe. chithunzicho anagwidwa ndi nkhaniyi ndipo analemba mndandanda wa ntchito, limene limasonyeza losiyanasiyana Etretat ndi wosakhazikika ake mofulumira nyanja.

Mu 1871, chithunzicho kwambiri politicized amatenga nawo mbali mu ntchito za ku Paris kulankhula. Pambuyo kugalukira izo mlandu chiwonongeko Vandom yachiwiri. Pambuyo Courbet yomwe inali mu ndende, ndipo iye analamulidwa kulipira ndalama kwambiri. Iye anathawira ku Switzerland, kumene anakafa umphawi wathunthu.

Iwo amayambitsa zotsatira wosanganiza kwambiri monga munthu ndi wojambula Gyustav Kurbe, amene ntchito ndipo tsopano sataya anthu osayanjanitsika. Izi zikusonyeza talente undoubted ndi makhalidwe amphamvu a zojambulajambula izi.