Kunstkamera ku Saint Petersburg: Museum

Kunstkamera ku St. Petersburg (anenedwanso -. Museum wa Anthropology ndi Ethnography dzina la Petra Velikogo, Russian Academy of Sciences) linakhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumu Peter Wamkulu mu St. Petersburg. Iwo anatsegula mu 1714.

Zoposa wani miliyoni zakale pamodzi ndi Kunstkammer pa nthawiyo, koma makumi angapo kapena mazana a Museum curiosities kuti aphatikizidwa chionetserocho, litapita ndi Peter Wamkulu maulendo ake mu England ndi Holland, amene mfumu anachita mu 1698. Oyendayenda kunja mfumu anapita kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale, woyamikiridwa "mopitirira zozizwitsa" Kutolere rarities ndipo pamapeto, ndinaganiza kukhazikitsa mu Russia ofanana ndi anthu Russian. Lotengeka ndi mfundo imeneyi, Petro adayamba kugula zinthu zina m'mabuku akale, zida, zida, zida - zonse kuti akhoza kudabwa. zosonkhanitsira yaikulu anabweretsedwa ku Moscow, mu nyumba yachifumu. Kotero apo Curiosities - woyamba Russian owonetsera zakale.

nkhani

Payokha anasonkhana zachipatala anatomical rarities zisungidwe mowa freaks wakhanda, umboni wa anomalies zachilengedwe, zinthu za moyo wakale ndi moyo wa anthu akale. Mazana a zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapadera anapanga maziko a "curiosities nduna" wa tsar Russian. Nyumba ya Moscow okhala Peter salinso linaikidwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho padziko lonse amene anatumiza amithenga, anatumiza kufunafuna ndi kugula zinthu zodabwitsa. Zinali kenako kunyamula chuma, "ofesi ya mfumu" mu St. Petersburg ndi kumanga nyumba lapadera kwa Kunstkammer. kusuntha linapangidwa mu 1714, zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho onse yochepa anaika mu Chilimwe Palace. Ndipo pamene m'bwalo Panadzaza, ambiri a iwo anaika mu nyumba Boyar Kikin - otchedwa kikinskie Komiti. Izo zinali ndiye abverana kuti amange mwini owonetsera zakale nyumba, ndi malo osankhidwa yomanga ake pa nsonga ya Vasilyevsky Island, kutsogolo kwa Zima Palace, yomwe inali mkati mwa Hermitage.

Yambani ntchito yomanga

Peter yomanga nyumbayi inayamba mu 1718 yomwe inatenga pafupi zaka makumi awiri. Ndi nthawi ya imfa ya mfumu - mu 1725 - tinafunika kumanga mpanda yekha. The wamanga anali Johann Georg Mattarnovi amene analenga polojekiti kalembedwe Baroque ndipo kumanga kwa 1719. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, iye anapitiriza pomanga Nicholas Gerbel. Mu 1724 Gaetano Kiaveri anatenga ofesi wamanga. Mu 1726 pomanga nyumbayi anayamba kuitanitsa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho.

kapangidwe

Awiri nyumba atatu-storey cha nyumbayi olumikiza nsanja tiered ndi mzikiti Baroque. Zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kutenga lonse kum'mawa phiko la zovuta ili kumadzulo Russian Academy of Sciences, ndi nyumba avareji anatomical Theatre, ndipo anakonza Gottorp Globe ndi Observatory pa izo, mu nsanja yokha. Mu 1830, Museum wa Curiosities ku Saint-Petersburg wakhala ogaŵikana anayi osiyana Botanical, ethnographic, Zoological ndi mineralogical, omwe mu nkhani iyi ndi mbali ya zinthu zochititsa chidwi chachikulu. Thematically Curiosities tichipeza zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu:

• Mbiri ya Kunstkammer. Russian sayansi ya atumwi XVIII.
• Anatomical gawo.
• North America.
• India ndi Indonesia.
• Japan.
• China ndi Mongolia.
• Africa.
• Australia ndi Oceania.

History Kunstkamery

Museum wa Curiosities ku St. Petersburg zikuphatikizapo zisudzo zitatu: "Museum wa M. V. Lomonosova", "zakuthambo Observatory wa Academy of Sciences wa St. Petersburg" ndi "Gottorp Globe-Planetarium". Chionetsero amasonyeza masiku oyambirira a Kunstkammer, zambiri zoyenera ntchito ya University ndi St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, ndi Observatory ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya utumiki, ili mu nsanja chapakati cha nyumbayi, komanso kuphatikiza ochiritsira mzere Petersburg meridian. Permament amasonyeza Conference Malo wa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

gawo anatomical

Kunstkamera ku St. Petersburg (chithunzi m'nkhani ino) ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi mmene thupi gawo. Apa, ndi chionetsero chachikulu asonkha rarities nthenda ya chiyambi zachilengedwe :. Izi deformities anatomical, zitsanzo sirenomelia, mapasa Siamese, cyclops mwana nkhosa ndi mitu iwiri, etc. The chionetsero chachikulu chikuphatikizapo mndandanda wa anatomist Dutch Frederik Ruysch, umene anagula ndi Peter Wamkulu chifukwa ndalama zambiri mu 1717 chaka.

North America

Kunstkamera ku St. Petersburg ndi kufotokoza zoyenera anthu wakale wa North America - ndi Eskimos, Amwenye Aleuts. Chionetsero chikuphatikizapo nyumba anthu yakumpoto, wosazindikira yomanga - singano mliri yaranga. Okhalamo Indians tikuonera mawonekedwe a manyumba ogona izi, ndi tingachipeze powerenga ndi wopanda ochekenera. Komanso zinapanga kavalidwe mtundu wa anthu akale a North America, anapangidwa kuchokera m'matumba achikopa, tsitsi, nthenga ndi ulusi mbewu.

India ndi Indonesia

Anthu a Asia South awa akuimira mu Kunstkammer yosiyanasiyana ake onse: kuno ndi nyumba ya mafuko wakale, ndi kuphika ziwiya, ndi zida zimene amapereka chakudya ndi nkhondo. Udindo wapadera wa kufotokoza amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida India zatenga china yokhota kumapeto daggers amatchedwa "KRIS" - yoopsa, opanda chifundo ozizira mikono, kooneka ngati lilime la moto walawilawi. Koma ambiri a nkhani zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho gawo mtendere. Ambiri ankaimira zisudzo pa veshalah wapadera linakwiriridwa wakale zisudzo mwamuna ndi masuti wamkazi, popachika zidole. A ataima chapatali ndi maziko zisudzo wa zamasewero ku mithunzi. zinthu zakale zambiri nkhuni chosema anabweretsa ochokera m'madera osiyanasiyana Indian.

Japan

katundu wa m'nyumba ndi Japanese wakale Ainu anthu okhala m'zilumba Japanese mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe, ndi kuperekedwa mu gawo la dziko la Kutuluka Sun ethnography. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa atolankhani Japanese nsomba ndi kusaka. Chionetsero lili nsomba weniweni ndiphunzire, ngowe wosazindikira, maukonde ndi zosiyanasiyana misampha, anafika Kunstkammer nthawi kutali, ena mwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zaka zoposa 10 sauzande. Payokha anasonyeza zida zankhondo za asilikaliwo Japanese. Kunstkamera ku St. Petersburg ndi asilikaliwo malupanga "Katana", amene pamodzi kakang'ono daggers "kusungobu" chifukwa kudzipha mwambo - harakiri. Palinso wamkazi mwambo daggers, ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti zosaoneka ngakhale mu dzanja wamkazi, komabe ananyamula imfa. Choncho mpeni anali mkazi okwanira asilikaliwo Fuko kukhudza khosi, ndipo adalimkumwalira iye.

China ndi Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Museum, omwe akupereka China monga dziko la zadothi otulukira, silika ndi onga. akanema zosowa zakale za zabwino kukhudzana China wodzazidwa. makapu kuno, ambiri saucers, miphika khofi ndi mbale shuga. Zakudya amatengedwa ndi kugawidwa ndi muyezo otchuka monga zadothi chikho yosavuta mlimi ndi labwino kopambana osiyana. Chionetsero akupereka wotchuka Chinese cloisonne, mankhwala opangidwa ndi fupa, amwala, ndi amtengo. Natural silika, nsalu ndi manja a weavers akale ngakhale kuti papita zaka, komabe ngati zokongola. A malo apadera chionetserocho ndi galasi-ndi dzuwa chotenthetsera madzi. chipangizo wakhala pafupifupi kunyumba Chinese: Chigawo kalirole, anakonza kuti dzuŵa anasonyeza kwa kalilore, anasonkhana mu mtolo ndi inaimitsidwa mkangano ketulo.

Kunstkamera ku St. Petersburg ndi Mongolian chionetsero, imene chionetsero chachikulu chimene yurt - nomad okhalamo amene apangidwe ndi kuwapititsa ku malo ena. Nyumba Zoyenda Nazo izi zili ponseponse kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XV. Wa zitsulo matabwa yaitali kupita grating anatumikira monga pakati, ndiye slatted chimango wokutidwa ndi mwake ndi ligate zingwe. yurt chinakhazikitsidwa mu njira yotero kuti kwabwera zinayang'ana kum'mwera. Ikani khoma zosiyana pakhomo, iwo ankaona wolemekezeka, ndipo kawirikawiri panakhala alendo wokondedwa. Komanso, malo lamkati la yurt ndi ogaŵikana amachepetsa amuna ndi akazi. Pakati pa nyumba unali likulu, malo lopatulika.

Oyendayenda zambiri anasintha malo awo okhala, kunali koyenera kufunafuna odyetserapo ziweto. Amasonyezanso ndi Mongolian ulimi zipangizo, saddles kavalo, zingwe mabulangete kwa akavalo.

Africa

Kunstkamera - Museum, amenenso ali chipinda zoyenera kwa Africa. Imafotokoza mbiri ya anthu akuda kukhala zaka zingapo zapitazo kum'mwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Pali zida ulimi wosazindikira, makasu amitengo kukokedwa ndi ng'ombe akufotokoza zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo artefacts, zopekedwa zopangidwa ebone.

Australia ndi Oceania

chionetsero Australia Amakhala makamaka zida nsomba ndi zida kusaka, amene wozizira zapamoyo. Australia ambiri akhala mitundu mitundu, ndi a ngale kukolola kuchokera pansi pa madzi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo anali zipangizo wapadera, omwenso amagwiritsidwa ankaimira pa chionetserocho.

Kunstkamera ku St. Petersburg, zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho amene anatumizidwa padziko lonse, nthawi zonse kuwonjezera kukhudzana awo.