Simone Martini: Wambiri ndi ntchito

Italy wabweretsa dziko ojambula zithunzi chachikulu amene analenga katswiri wa nthawi yake. Mmodzi wa geniuses awa a kupenta anakhalabe mu "mtima wa Italy" ndi Simone Martini. Kuphunzira mbiri wake kunali kovuta. mawu onse otsala a izo, anali kuyang'ana pa zolemba ndi maumboni kwa anthu a nthawi imeneyo.

Komabe angakwanitse dongosolo la zochitika ndi moyo wa Simone Martini bwino, ngakhale nkhani izi siziri choncho yosalala. M'madera ena pali mafunso, penapake pali mipata. Komabe, chifukwa cha ntchito za mmisiri, akhoza kuonetsedwa ndi kuyamba izo tsopano - moyo.

kuyambira

Mwatsoka, Simone Martini yonena akuyamba ndi imfa. Ichi ndi chokhacho yeniyeni tsiku, amene anakwanitsa kufika ofufuza za. Mu mmodzi wa aang'ono a Siena - San Domenico, zolemba anapezeka, chifukwa chimene anadziwika kuti wojambula kwambiri anamwalira pano pa August 4, 1344. Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake si zotheka kudziwa. Ziri kokhaku chaka - 1284 TH. Iwo limanenedwa monga mudziwe asonyezedwa pa manda a zojambulajambula ndi: limati mudziwe kuti Martini wamwalira pa zaka 60.

maonekedwe

mafunso More uka mwachibale kwa kunja kwa Italy. mnzake wapamtima, wotchuka Petrarch ankanena kuti Simone sanali wokongola. Akatswiri anaganiza kuona chifaniziro cha wojambula mu zojambula wake. Wina mabanga iye amati wa Khristu pamaso pa Pilato, munthu adamuwona Iye m'chifanizo cha Knight. Akuti chithunzi zotheka pa Zojambula pakhoma "Chozizwitsa cha kuuka kwa mwanayo."

Zaka zoyambirira 30

Nthawiyi mu moyo wa Mlengi, mwatsoka, silidziŵika. Komabe, pali malangizo amene Simone anabadwa mu Siena. Bambo ake anali plasterer m'deralo, amene anakonza chinsalu cha murals. Ambiri mwina, ichi ndi chimene chinachititsa chithunzicho kwa ntchito m'tsogolo.

Pali kuthekera kuti mnyamata anaphunzira luso situdiyo ya Duccio, koma kutchuka wafika Mlengi pambuyo polenga "Maesty". Tsopano kudziwika chaka cha buku la chinsalu ichi - 1315 TH. deta amenewa amapezeka pa chimango cha Zojambula pakhoma la. Ngakhale ngati ntchito ngati linalamula boma la mzinda, ndiye n'zachionekere kuti zojambulajambula kale ndi mbiri yabwino. "Maesta" anakakhala Palazzo Pubblico. Zokongoletsa malo awa akhoza mlandu chabe mbuye chabwino cha luso lake.

Dziwani kuti wojambula ntchito pa nyimbo wake, anafuna kusonyeza onse a kwambiri zachilengedwe ndiponso zoti tingakwanitse. imabwera zimenezi zinachitikanso ntchito zake. Choncho, atalandira kuti wina ndi maulamuliro mzinda kuwonetsera linga, iye anapita komweko osati kuona ndi maso ake chinthu luso, komanso kumva zinkakhalira nkhondo ndi kugonjetsa. Kenako anasonkhanitsa mtumiki wake, ndi kavalo adenda pa ulendo. Mural kenako anaika mu holo Mappomondo kale mu 1331. Amene ali bwino mankhwala ndi zovuta, chifukwa amaona kuti ena awonongeke, koma ofufuza akuyembekezerazo kubisa tione wake.

mfundo

Iwo ali, mwatsoka, pang'ono. Kuyesera kuti angakwanitse moyo wa Simone Martini, mukhoza mutatulukira deta umboni. Mwachitsanzo, amadziwika kuti zojambula anapita ku Assisi. Ndipo uyu anali mu 1310-ntchentche. Pali anagwira ntchito kukongoletsa mpingo wa San Francesco papezeka-galasi mawindo. Kenako, analenga pano ndi frescoes.

Akuti Martin anali nthawi ina Naples, ngakhale palibe umboni zopelekedwa izi. ulendo wake wopita ku mzinda wa Naples chikugwirizana ndi dongosolo la guwa polemekeza canonization Lyudovika Tuluzskogo.

kalembedwe

Mkati khumi, akatswiri akwanitsa kuti gulu lalikulu la zojambula pa nkhuni, amene amalola kuti younikira kusintha mu ntchito ya Simone. The frescoes, omwe anapangidwa mu Assisi, anali ndi zinthu achilendo protodzhottistskie, koma ntchito imene imachitika ina anapatsa kalembedwe gotiziruyuschim. Last ndinasintha osati buku, koma zikhalidwe ndi mzere ntchito.

Ndi ntchito za nthawi imeneyi akhoza bwinobwino zimachitika awiri polyptych ku mpingo wa Santa Catarina ndi Museum mu Orvieto. Ngakhale ofufuza mobwerezabwereza ikuchitika kusanthula stylistic, zimene zikusonyeza kuti yotsirizira amatanthauza polyptych 1320 TH chaka. Mwa njira, kuchulukitsa kwa kuphunzira ntchito kumeneko chifukwa chikalata anapeza othandizira angapo polenga mankhwala.

kuchita zinthu zolimba

Mu mzinda panali zikalata ndi mfundo za malipiro zojambulajambula. Ndipo malipiro a linaperekedwa nthawi zonse, choncho, mu Siena wojambula ntchito ndithu mwachangu. Pomwepo anapatsidwa ndi ntchito imene Martini adalandira ndalama, ndipo zimavuta kudziwa, monga ena atayika palimodzi.

Pali umboni kuti Simone muli ndalama kwa Kusintha kwa chilengedwe chake "Maesta". chakuti Zojambula pakhoma wakhala imawonongeka chifukwa seepage madzi. Komanso, wojambula analandira ndalama mtanda-zolochedwa, amene amayembekezeka kumaliza mlengi wina. Zonse mu 1322, Martin analandira ndalama ntchito anachita kwa Palazzo Pubblico.

moyo

Ukwati Italy mlengi chinachitika mu 1324. chibwenzi chake anakhala Giovanna, mwana wamkazi Filippuchcho. Tikhoza kuganiza kuti ukwati anali zazikulu, monga Martini analandira ndalama zambiri chifukwa ntchito zawo. Umboni n'chakuti pamaso pa ukwati, anagula nyumba ya mkazi wakeyu. Ndipo ngati mphatso iye anawulukira ndalama zambiri, iye anapereka 220 florins golide (ndipo anali katatu kwambiri ndalama zimene analandira chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino ndi chithunzi cha malo achitetezo a).

Chotero mphatso ndiye kuti kutanthauziridwa monga kuyamikira kuwolowa manja kwa. Ndipotu, pa nthawi imeneyo zojambulajambula anali kale ndi zaka 40 ndipo bwenzi lake anali kwambiri JNA. Simone chosiyanasiyana kumayamika mtsikana zomwe anavomereza kukwatira munthu homely zaka. Mwa ukwati, chithunzicho chinali kupeza Ubale ndi banja Lippo, amene anatha kulimbana nawo mpaka mapeto a zilandiridwenso Martini. Mawonetseredwe momveka musiyane logwirizana ndi achibale a mkazi wake anali mankhwala a "Annunciation wa Uffizi", pomwe mbali kutchulidwa wa Lippo banja.

ntchito banja

Atakwatira wojambula anapitiriza ntchito yogwira motsogozedwa zilandiridwenso. Mu 1326, iye analenga ukonde waukulu, umene pambuyo pake ankatchedwa "zabwino kwambiri" ndipo ndi zingati pakuti anali woyenera. Chaka chotsatira iye analenga kupenta nyumba ya mbendera awiri amene, mwatsoka, mu nthawi athu sanapulumuke. Iwo anathera pa mwana wa Mfumu Robert.

Cha m'ma 1320, iye analengedwa ntchito ziwiri, amene amaonedwa ataya. Woyamba zoyenera angelo awiri, ndipo analengedwa kuti Palazzo Pubblico ndi opareshoni yachiwiri anasonyeza woukira Marco Regoli ndipo anaikidwa mu holo ya Consistory.

France

Avignoni, tauni yaing'ono mu Provence, nthawi, ndinakhala chikhalidwe pakati luso mu dziko. Apa anasonkhana ojambula zithunzi kuchokera ku Ulaya, anabweretsa ntchito yake ndi msonkhano wonse. Mu 1336 Ine ndiri pano ndi Simone. Apa lofunika ntchito za stratification la anthu, limene Martini ndayesera kukhala pafupi ndi "anthu wamtali". Iye anachita zimenezi likuvutika luso lake, onyamula madongosolo a akuluakulu.

Mwatsoka, zokhudza ntchito za Martini ku France pang'ono kwambiri. Pali zikalata zofunikira kuti amasonyeza maganizo proactive a Mlengi. Iye analimbikitsa umboni mu ntchito yobwereka, analinso chipani mkangano malamulo.

Pa ntchito tisaiwale kuti iwo anapezeka mu zidutswa wa Notre-Dame-de-Dome, ngati zikuoneka kuti chithunzicho anali ndi dzanja mu frontispiece a pamanja a Virgil, amene kale anali chogwidwa ndi Petrarch. Imatchedwanso penti "Banja Woyera" yomwe ili ku Liverpool.

imfa

Monga amadziwika, wa zojambula anafa 1344. wolumala wosadziwika "matenda aakulu" wake. Chitaliyana anazindikira kuti imfa yake inali pafupi, ndipo masiku ochepa kuti amwalire ake anapanga chifuniro amene chuma chake chonse kugawidwa pakati pa abale mkazi wake. Chikalatachi kunachitidwa umboni ndi odziwitsa wa Florence - Galgani.

"Annunciation"

Simone Martini chithunzi "Annunciation" unakhazikitsidwa mu 1333. wojambula kulengedwa kwa guwa Ansan, limene lili mu Siena. Background mural golide amene amaimira kumwamba ndi silhouette a Mary wanzeru ndi yosalala. Angelo Gabriel chimaonetsedwa pa chinsalu yogwira chithunzi, zovala zake zinali akupangidwa ndi mapiko apeza mawonekedwe chakuwuluka. Kufotokozera (Simone Martini "Annunciation") alibe chinsinsi, ndipo ena masamu. Chithunzi amapereka chinachake ofewa, koma pa yomweyo yowala ndi Mulungu.

Images kuti tingaone pa mural ndi, lachinsinsi. Chidutswa palokha ngati Krustalo, ndi osalimba kwambiri ndi ethereal. Oyera Ansan ndi Yulitta M'malo mwake, kunapezeka lalikulu ndiponso zoti tingakwanitse.

"Madonna"

Chinanso chochititsa chidwi ndi mankhwala a "Madonna". Simone Martini analenga nsalu modabwitsa ambiri zimachitika ku nthawi yomalizira ya zilandiridwenso, msinkhu. Khalidwe la chitsanzo cha Mlengi wa golide maziko ndi mitundu ofiira ndi buluu, mizere zofewa mizere kaso ya chithunzi cha Mary. Zojambula pakhoma ali anapitiriza mbali ya kalembedwe Gothic, umene unali khalidwe la zojambulajambula mu nthawi mochedwa ntchito yake.

Ntchito imeneyi akukondedwa ndi mafani zambiri wolemba yekha - Simone Martini. Hermitage wakhala nyumba yosungira kuti kuyambira 1911 masitolo mankhwala mkati mwa makoma ake.

zolengedwa More

The kupenta wotchuka kwambiri ndi Simone Martini - "Maesta". Iye anali mwina yoyamba ntchito za Mlengi. Akatswiriwo amakhulupirira kuti mwaluso chinalengedwa mchikakamizo cha Duccio. Mufilimuyi ali ndi makhalidwe ena achindunji kwambiri kuti sichingapezeke mu Duccio. Pakati pawo, kusintha mitundu, akalumikidzidwa ndi mizere.

Dziwani pamaso pa mndandanda dziko la zojambula ndi Simone Martini, "Chithunzi cha Laura." ntchito wakhala zoyenera ojambula zithunzi zina Petrarch, amene analamula chithunzi wokondedwa wake.

Kwambiri tinganene za wojambula izi. Zilandiridwenso Simone Martini ngati samadziwidwa mpaka mapeto, nthawi zina anaganiza, koma amakhalabe zinamuyendera bwino kuti chidwi kwa okonda luso Italy. wojambula yapanga chachikulu "mphatso" ya chikhalidwe dziko, ndipo ntchito zake atasunga mbali yomwe mosavuta kuuzindikira katswiri Martini.