Zitsulo zodula kwambiri dziko - golide kapena pulatinamu

Kuti tiyankhe funso za mtundu wa zitsulo ndi mtengo kwambiri dziko uwagawire ndi "opikisana" zonse mu magulu awiri makonzedwe: mwachibadwa zikuchitika ndi zopangidwa, kuti zakonzedwa zasayansi. Popeza kuti phindu zitsulo za gulu lachiwiri la malamulo angapo zoopsa kuposa poyamba.

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane zitsulo zodula kulili chikhalidwe.

Mmodzi wa iwo - ruthenium. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1844, mu tebulo zodziwitsa ndi mu otchedwa gulu la zitsulo pulatinamu. Ruthenium yowala imvi mtundu ntchito zamagetsi, koma imagwiranso opatsa kuuma kasakaniza wazitsulo mkulu. mtengo wake ndi madola 15 pa gram.

The akunyoza yotsatira mutu wa "zitsulo kwambiri mtengo m'dzikoli" - Os. Nkhanizi zinali bluish-siliva mtundu ndi osalimba kwambiri, iwo ali chinthu chosangalatsa fungo. Ndi ntchito mankhwala (mankhwala "Kortozin"), makampani mankhwala monga chothandizira. Price osmium ndi $ 19 pa 1 gram.

atsogoleri atatu anatsegula golide - zitsulo zodula kwambiri dziko lonse zaka za mbiri ya anthu. Panopa ili ndi ambiri malleable zitsulo, zinakhalapo yekha mu mtundu woyera. Dzimbiri kukana, ductility ndi kukwera mtengo kupanga mfundo zofunikira kupanga zodzikongoletsera zagolide. Price zimasiyanasiyana mosalekeza m'chigawo cha $ 30-40 pa gram ndi chizolowezi kuonjezera.

Mu malo chachiwiri pulatinamu - ndi zitsulo zodula kwambiri m'dziko makampani zodzikongoletsera. Zotsatira monga kasakaniza wazitsulo pulatinamu ndi zitsulo zina. Ntchito - miyala yamtengo wapatali, mankhwala, kupanga nkhondo. mtengo uli wofanana $ 70 pa 1 gram.

Mtheradi ngwazi zitsulo zachilengedwe - rhodium. Mankhwala siliva ndi katundu kwambiri chimawala. Monga ulamuliro, ntchito makampani magalimoto kupanga zosiyanasiyana ndi kalirole mkulu khalidwe. Zoyerekeza mtengo - $ 225 pa gram.

Tiyeni tione akatswiri awiri mwa aliyense siyana - zitsulo, analandira zasayansi, otchedwa isotopes.

Wotsatila ngwazi mwa magawo - isotope osmium-187. Choyamba analandira mu UK ndi Kutha pulatinamu mu osakaniza awiri zidulo: nitric ndi hydrochloric. Mankhwala wofiirira-wakuda mu mtundu ndi osalimba amazipanga mkulu - yaikulu pa dziko lapansi. Komabe, chitsulo ndi osalimba kwambiri. Pezani osmium-187 ndi amazipanga zovuta, ndipo palibe ku dziko alibe panopa kugulitsa zitsulo izi kwa katundu. Kazakhstan ndipo pomaliza isotope mpaka posachedwapa zimagulitsidwa, anapereka mlingo mtengo wa madola 10 zikwi pa gram. Pambuyo kuthetsedwa kwa mtengo kotunga osmium-187 analumpha 200 zikwi pa gram.

Ndipo potsiriza, kwambiri mtengo zitsulo mu dziko - California. Iwo anali atalandira mu United States mu 1950. mchitidwe uwu ali mwayi ndithu malire mu mphamvu za nyukiliya: monga gwero wamphamvu neutrons akhoza m'malo mosavuta riyakitala nyukiliya. kupanga Global m'chaka sadzachitanso kuposa ndi makumi angapo a mamiligalamu, koma chifukwa California ali ndi ndalama zakuthambo: 6 ndi ndalama zankhaninkhani theka pa gram!