Zipatso - zipatso za mbewu .... Zipatso - Biology

Zipatso - chipolopolo zoteteza kwa mbewu za zomera. Iwo akhoza kukhala osiyana mtundu, maonekedwe, kukula ndi kukoma, koma iwo onse analembedwa ofanana. Zipatso - kuti masamba ndi zipatso, zipatso, ndi catkins birch ndi mtedza. Zingatanthauze kuti iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri, koma iwo onse amakhala ndi zambiri zofanana.

kapangidwe

Zipatso - osakaniza zinthu ukunenedwa kuteteza mbewu ku malo akunja ndi kuwonjezera mwayi wakuti kumera. Komanso, iwo apangidwa kufalitsa mbewu pa mtunda waukulu zotheka. Izi zingachitike ndi mphepo, madzi, nyama. zipatso zigwirizana mbali atatu: endocarp, mesocarp ndi ekzokarpiya. The choyamba - ndi chipolopolo mkati, izo ili mwachindunji pafupi mbewu (kapena zochepa). Mesocarp - tunica, ekzokarpy - kunja. nyumba awa atatu amaphatikiza pericarp kapena pericarp. Nthawi zambiri, khungu ukufanizidwa ekzokarpy (chipatso) kapena chipolopolo (Y mtedza). Endocarp - nthawi zambiri gawo la zipatso, amene wadya nyama ndi munthu. mesocarp A Tingaone Mwachitsanzo, monga chipolopolo woyera pakati zamkati ndi peel ku lalanje. Komabe, pali kuchotserapo malamulo awa. Chifukwa maapulo Mwachitsanzo, endocarp limeneli mu mawonekedwe a mbale mandala pafupi mbewu, ndi nyama - izo mesocarp.

zipatso zosiyana

Iwo agawidwa m'magulu angapo, malingana ndi maonekedwe awo ndi zina structural. Zipatso - ndi mtedza ndi yamatcheri, ndi zipatso zokwana - iwo onse analembedwa ofanana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo kwambiri kusiyana.

Gawo

zipatso za zomera m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: youma ndi yowutsa mudyo. Chachiwiri, mosiyana woyamba, ndi zamkati. Youma amagwa polyspermous (korobochkovidnye) ndi seeded (orehovidnye), yowutsa mudyo - ndipo pa kostyankovidnye yagodovidnye. Gulu lililonse kumabweretsa pamodzi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso. Pali zambiri. Choncho, chifukwa korobochkovidnym Zina zipatso zomera monga nyemba ngolo silicle, thumba, ukukamba bokosi. Orehovidnye anapereka weevil, lionfish, achene, mtedza ndi mtedza. Ndi kostyankovidnym amangonena yowutsa mudyo drupe. Yagodovidnye zipatso amaphatikizidwa ngati mabulosi, vwende, apulo. Tiyeni tione aliyense zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

korobochkovidnye youma

Oimira oyambirira m'gulu limeneli - nyemba. zipatso izi zimapezeka mu zonse zomera za banja la nyemba. Amakhala carpel wina ali matabwa awiri n'zotheka kutsegula. Iwo unilocular zipatso. Zomera ndi nyemba: nyemba, nandolo, lupins, mphodza, Mimosa, clover, wisteria.

Mtundu lotsatira - nyemba ndi struchochki. Izi masamba zipatso cruciferous banja, amene ali ku kabichi, mpiru, letesi, turnips, horseradish, ndi ena. Kumasiyana ndi amene m'mbuyomu, amene ali bilocular ali carpels awiri. Bokosi - komanso korobochkovidny zipatso youma. Nthawi zambiri anaika ochuluka zedi mbewu yaing'ono. zipatso amenewa imakhala zomera zotsatirazi: poppy, henbane, clove, Datura. Kapangidwe zake ndi carpels umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Mwa njira ya kudzivula mabokosi akhoza zosiyanasiyana. Mu poppies Mwachitsanzo, mabokosi ndi mabowo, kuchokera henbane - zipewa ndi kuledzera - tsamba, mu pinks - cloves.

zipatso zouma orehovidnye

Choyamba ayenera kukhala, ndithudi, mtedza.

kusiyana Aika - zake kunja chipolopolo. zipatso ndi zomera monga mtedza, pterokariya, California, wakuda, Manchurian mtedza. Similar mitundu ya zipatso ndi otuwira - izi ndi mtedza, iwo ali a kukula yaing'ono ndi kukhala chipolopolo zofewa. Komanso mu gulu ili adzaupereka kwa achene ndi. chipatso ichi ali mankhusu leathery, amene si mbewu srastrayutsya. mawonekedwe Ake slozhnotsvetkovye zomera zambiri, ambiri ndi wotchuka umene - mpendadzuwa. Komanso ndi aster, Daisy, marigold, chitsamba chowawa, dandelion, teasel ndi ena ambiri. Weevil komanso limabweretsa gulu la zipatso. Ndi mmene zomera udzu banja, chomwe chili ndi mbewu monga rye, tirigu, mapira, bluegrass, nsungwi, nthenga, ndi ena. mtundu wa zipatso ndi osiyana leathery pericarp, amene zinaphatikizidwa ndi endocarp lapansi.

Kenako view - lionfish. Ndi chipatso cha mapulo nkhuni ndi phulusa. Iwo ali leathery pericarp membranous phiko woboola pakati njira imene mbewu akhoza kufalitsa ndi mphepo pa mtunda wautali ku mtengo kholo.

yowutsa mudyo yagodovidnye

Kwenikweni izi monga maapulo. Iwo yodziwika ndi maselo membranous imene mbewu ili, ndi zamkati aumbike pa maphatikizidwe wa machubu ndi mazira maluwa. No madalitso amenewa chimapanga osati apulo mtengo, ndipo mbewu zonse za banja la pinki peyala, phiri phulusa, hawthorn, quince, ndi ena. Komanso, gulu lina ili monga zipatso, zomwe ndi minofu zokoma pericarp. Iwo ndi zomera amenewa ndi: currants, blueberries, cranberries, gooseberries, tomato, kiwi, biringanya, nthochi ndi ena. Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, chitumbuwa ndi rasipiberi - si zipatso ndi drupes. Ndi lzheyagodam monga strawberries ndi strawberries ndi rosehips - chopereka cha zipatso - mnogooreshki. Awiri oyambirira zipatso zenizeni (mtedza) zili kunja kapangidwe (woyera madontho), ndipo yotsirizira - mkati. Khalani a mtedza ndipo catkins birch. Komanso amatanthauza sukulu yagodovidnym vwende. Iwo ali yowutsa mudyo thupi, koma zake ekzokarpiem. Kotero chipatso ali dzungu, chivwende (kuti ndi mabulosi - kwambiri zosokoneza), vwende, nkhaka.

Kostyankovidnye

Ndi subgroup wa zipatso yowutsa mudyo. kokha nthumwi zake - drupe. Iwo amakhala mu mbewu zipatso za mtundu uwu ali mkati fupa, pansi mankhusu kukhala zovuta kunja chipolopolo ndipo anafuna chitetezo zina. Drupe anyamula chimodzi kapena zingapo mafupa. Zitsanzo za mtundu wa maula, chitumbuwa, kokonati, pichesi, apurikoti, kiranberi. Palinso zipatso zovuta analenga drupes angapo. Iwo raspberries, mabulosi akuda.

Amateteza mankhusu?

Pansi envulopu awa atatu ndi mbewu umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Tiyeni tione dongosolo lawo. Onse zomera maluwa anawagawa monocots ndi dicots - zimadalira m'mene ambiri cotyledons ndi mbewu zawo.

Mbewu za zomera monocotyledonous zigwirizana wa Muzu wosakwatiwa, plumule, tsinde, muzu, umene zoona, popangidwa ndi watsopano zomera, endosperm ndi mbewu odula, ndi zambiri zinaphatikizidwa ndi pericarp. Zipatso ndi mbewu za mtundu uwu, chifukwa nyemba Mwachitsanzo, ndi struchechki. Nthawi zina bokosi (pa tulip ndi duwa), osachepera - mabulosi.

Mbewu zomera dicotyledonous ali kusiyana ndi kukhala cotyledons awiri. Kapangidwe awo ndi osiyana ndi anthu yoyamba kuti malaya awo mbewu pafupifupi konse zinaphatikizidwa ndi pericarp wa. mbewu awa akhoza adzaikidwa mu zipatso za mtundu womwewo monga drupe, apulo, ngolo, achene ndi ena.

Njira kafalitsidwe zipatso ndi mbewu

Iwo akhoza anagawira kudzera aliyense "mkhalapakati" kapena popanda izo. Choncho, ena zomera zimatulutsa mbewu zawo kwa zipatso ukusonyeza (zambiri nyemba). Komanso, zipatso akhoza basi kugwa pansi mchikakamizo cha mphamvu wokongola kulemera kwake. Koma nthawi zambiri iwo akutsatiridwa ndi mphepo, nyama kapena anthu, komanso madzi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, zipatso zambiri ndi zipangizo zina, monga dandelion pappus (kufwanyulira, kukula mwa pericarp, ndi thandizo lomwe ndi kufala ndi mphepo).