Zipani mu makhalidwe ndondomeko ya boma

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro chifungulo cha kuchita chilichonse boma (Aka State) mode. Ndipotu, kumakhaladi liwulo mphamvu zimakhudza mapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito mabungwe a boma.

Kudzera akhoza ikuchitika monga kusintha kwa bolodi mawonekedwe ndi utsogoleri dongosolo malo. Ndipo pofuna kumvetsa mmene njira izi zichitike, muyenera kumvetsa bwino zimene tingati ndi zipani. Choncho, m'pofunika kuthandauza iwo, kuwulula makhalidwe ndi mitundu.

zipani ndi mitundu

Mu sayansi, boma boma limanenedwa ngati ya njira ndi njira ukugwirira ntchito ya akuluakulu onse. Ndipo ndicho chimene dziko lino ndi njira kasamalidwe ndi limadalira mawonekedwe a ndale. Choncho m'pofunika kuzindikira mfundo yaikulu yomwe gulu la ikuchitika.

The woyamba chizindikiro - njira kulamulira. zipani zochokera ntchito zitatu zazikulu ndi mphamvu, kwa amene ali: malamulo kukakamizidwa njira, chiwawa ndi mitundu njira ziwiri zoyambirira.

The chizindikiro chachiwiri paima digiri mbali otchuka mu boma. m'mayiko ambiri pabwino Republic, mwachitsanzo, de A jure mphamvu ngwa anthu. Koma zipani kusonyeza mwaimvetsa m'munda, akuti: amene de A facto kulamulidwa ndi boma.

Mbali yachitatu ndi mwambo wa konsekonse anazindikira ufulu yapachiweniweni lapansi. Izi zikhoza monga kutsatira malamulo ndi enieni ufulu ndi zina. The chizindikiro chachinayi kuli zipani zandale amakhala ngati malamulo okhudza zikuluzikulu ndi linakhalapo enieni.

Malinga magawo awa zipani anawagawa zokomela undemocratic.

Today demokalase wakhala angasonyeze njira ya kukwaniritsidwa kwa boma. Mfundo imeneyi zachokera chakuti kasamalidwe la zochitika za boma zachokera njira chokakamizidwa malamulo, atathana anthu ndi ufulu ali akuyendera kwathunthu ndi kusangalala ndi uthunthu wonse wa chitetezo yovomerezeka. Komanso, anthu amagwira ntchito utsogoleli wa boma, ngakhale pamene mawonekedwe a boma imatengedwa kuti ndi mafumu. Izo mu Zikatero, kuli zipani zandale ndi anasonyeza.

Antidemocratic (zina amatchedwa zigawenga) modes ndi zonse kapena tsankho Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba. Nthawi boma ukulamulidwa pamaziko a njira ya chiwawa kapena alipo kukakamiza yovomerezeka ndi chiwawa, ntchito mokomera yotsirizira ikuchitika. Anthu amapezeka mu nkhani iyi monga chida cha kujowina ena magulu andale mphamvu, ndi ufulu wa munthu limodzi pansi zinthu za boma ndi mphamvu yake yaikulu. Motero, ndipo zipani zandale monga chodabwitsa akuoneka kukongoletsa kuposa weniweni.

ankhanza amenewa anawagawa m'magulu awiri chachikulu - opondereza ndi authoritarian. Woyamba isiyana ndi wachiwiri yekha mu mlingo wa aone kulemekeza chilengedwe cha ufulu ndi kumasulika. Mu authoritarian boma kutsogolera ntchito yomwe otchedwa "Chipembedzo cha umunthu".

Russian zipani

Ponena za Russia lero wonse, tisaiwale kuti zotsatira pa m'gawo lake voti boma. Komabe, mu sayansi ndale kusiyanitsa chinthu monga Russian zipani dera. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mitundu ya demokalase boma boma ndi otchedwa "Transitional ulamuliro". Malinga ndi chitukuko cha dera wina, komanso ofala miyambo yamakolo anapanga ena ndale. Koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo, zigawo akuyenera kutsatira zinthu chinanena mu Constitution demokalase.

zipani ndi mitundu ndi zithunzi kuwonetsera kwa chiŵerengero chenicheni "boma - umunthu" m'dziko makamaka. Choncho, akuneneratu chitukuko cha boma, ayenera bwinobwino ndale mu chimake ake malamulo ndi enieni.