Zimayambitsa waukulu kudzipha. Kupewa kudzipha mwana

Kudzipha (kudzipha) - ndi kuwakana moyo watsiku yaufulu, popanda nawo ena. Mwatsoka, anthu masiku ano, mawonekedwe pogamula nkhani ndi moyo pafupipafupi ndithu. Zimayambitsa kudzipha mwina chosiyana, munthu akatenga kusankha pa maziko a ena mavuto a mavuto maganizo ndi chikhalidwe.

Vuto la kudzipha

Nthawi pogamula nkhani ndi moyo m'njira zambiri amapezeka mu mbiri yakale pa zonse magawo chitukuko cha mtundu wa anthu. Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome ndi China mu mbiri awo amatchula mfundo kudzipha.

Monga lero, kudzipha kuli mmodzi wa 10 zimayambitsa zambiri za imfa mu West. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu chaka mpaka 160,000 padziko lonse amadzipha. Othetsa nzeru chiwerengero cha iwo - ndi achinyamata. Pankhaniyi, zimayambitsa kudzipha, akulu ndi achinyamata onse, angakhale osiyana kwambiri, akhale mu ntchito kapena maphunziro moyo wa munthu ndiponso kwaokha.

Akukhulupirira kuti kudzipha - chizindikiro cha kufooka, achire ku mavuto. Ndipotu, kuti kuchita kuchita zimenezi, m'pofunika kukhala ndi chifuniro amphamvu ndi chidaliro mwa zochita zawo.

Kudzipha: Zizindikiro

Malinga ndi maphunziro, 75% ya anthu amene akukonzekera kudzipha mulimonse kuulula zolinga zawo. Iwo anali monga kumuopseza poyera ndi lomveka wosaoneka wa kudzipha adzaimira. Pafupifupi anthu onsewa anapita zamaganizo, ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu, madotolo ndi aphunzitsi, kumene Ndizachidziwikire kuti iwo anali kuyesera kunena. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri iwo sadamlandire kufunika, chifukwa cha zimene sanasinthe mapulani awo oyambirira.

Zizindikiro za kudzipha anakonza anaulula pa kucheza ndipo amaoneka m'lingaliro duality. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo sanataye mtima, ndi pa zina, kuyembekezera chipulumutso. Nthawi zambiri, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kuchita zimenezi ndi mokwanira moyenera khalidwe. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kuthandiza ndi mawu osavuta thandizo. Ngati sanachite, mamba adagadabula mokomera kudzipha. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kudziwa zizindikiro ndi zomwe tingathe kumvetsa za kudzipha makonzedwe.

Zizindikiro ndi khalidwe, mwa mawu ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo zifukwa kudzipha akhoza kukhala aliyense.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za gulu amalembedwa akuti zonse ndi nthabwala zilakolako zoipa za imfa, ndi khalidwe kungaonekere kapepala mwadzidzidzi zinthu zina. Mulinso malangizo mapepala munthu, ntchito, chiyanjanitso ndi anthu, komanso lakuthwa kusintha khalidwe mwachizolowezi. Zizindikiro Situational zimapezeka mu kudzipatula, mavuto mwadzidzidzi mu banja, uchidakwa.

zifukwa zazikulu kudzipha

Kusanthula zimayambitsa ziwerengero kudzipha Akuti waukulu mwa iwo:

• zaka zovuta;
• akhakula umunthu maganizo chisokonezo;
• kuchepetsedwa ndi mkazi / mwamuna;
• imfa ya mwamuna kapena mkazi;
• kusowa kwa banja;
• osachiritsika matenda;
• asamapereke;
• kusungulumwa.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 30% tikudzipereka kufuna kudzipha abwerezedwa patapita nthawi, pamene 10% zimagwiridwa. Komanso akufuna kudzipha zinalembedwa maulendo 6 zambiri kuposa kudzipha anamaliza.

Asayansi apeza gulu kusatetezeka kumene kuthekera kudzipha ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa anthu ena. Njirazi ndi monga:

• munthu, wamakhalidwe akutali, otchedwa limodzi;
• achinyamata ndi matenda a maubwenzi lotha;
• Anthu amene amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• munthu ndi khalidwe chigawenga kapena wakhalidwe losalongosoka;
• Anthu ndi mkulu kudziletsa kutsutsa komanso amadwala ananyozedwa osiyanasiyana;
• anthu amene aona imfa ya wokondedwa;
• Achinyamata ndi kukhumudwa ndi akulu akudwala gwero lachisokonezo.

zifukwa zonse kudzipha mwina maganizo kapena chikhalidwe mbali.

Mbali maganizo kudzipha

Nato mkangano mkati mwa zolinga akhoza kuyambitsa kufuna kudzipha. mavuto a maganizo kudzipha nthawi zambiri mizu kumayambiriro munthu ali mwana. Childs, izi makolo authoritarian amene amasonyeza nkhanza kwambiri mu maphunziro. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa kumasonyeza aukali akula, pamene munthu kuyesa kusintha moyo mkhalidwe wawo. Ngati chinthu mokwiya sichingapezeke, mwina ntchito yakuti kwambiri kuti kuchititsa munthu kudzipha.

Mbali ina maganizo kudzipha kugwirizana ndi kusonyezedwa osaneneka ndipo woonekeratu. Monga ulamuliro, ndi kufunitsitsa kupezerera munthu wina. Mwachitsanzo, iye akhoza kutenga mlingo waukulu wa ogonetsa, poganiza kuti adzapulumutsa, ndi maganizo a mnyamatayo kuti izo zinasintha. Kapena munthu akhoza chikumbumtima nawo mipikisano oopsa, motero kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa maganizo a wokondedwa wake. Kodi kutali akhoza munthu zoyesayesa zawo kupezerera, samadziwa nkomwe yekha. Koma zolinga za ntchito mozindikira, zotsatira zochepa zomvetsa chisoni.

Chifukwa china maganizo kwa kudzipha - chilakolako kulanga inattention. Munthu imeneyi, zikuoneka kuti anthu amamva chisoni khalidwe lake pambuyo pa imfa yake. Mwatsoka, ili si chifukwa maziko weniweni amene akufuna kulanga, monga ulamuliro, osati anakumana kwambiri kuchoka zimenezi ku moyo. Awa zimayambitsa waukulu kudzipha akulu ndi achinyamata, ndi ambiri a iwo imakhudzanso achinyamata a msinkhu winawake.

Mbali chikhalidwe cha kudzipha

Kudzipha akhoza zimachitika maganizo osati. Social zimayambitsa kudzipha palibe khalidwe zazing'ono. Mmodzi wa chachikulu apa - ndi chipembedzo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti malamulo wauzimu amene amanena kuti tizikonda anzathu, zimathandiza kuti kuwonjezeka mavuto mkati. voteji amenewa zimayambitsa nkhondo ndi anthu yokha pamene likukhalira mokwiya ndi iye. Apa pakubwera mfundo ya kupalamula ndi chipulumutso kwa iwo. Pankhaniyi, pali lingaliro kuti ayenera kulangidwa mlandu uliwonse, kuchititsa munthu amayamba tikuyandikira tsiku lachiweruzo.

Mbali ina chikhalidwe cha kudzipha ndi anakokomeza kufunika wake. Zimenezi lililonse Zikatero, pamene pali imfa ya wina m'banja. Wopulumuka iyamba kukhala ndi mphamvu ya kupalamula, ndipo pang'onopang'ono akubwera kukhulupirira kuti imfa yake ndi njira yokhayo kuti chifukwa cha izo.

maganizo amenewa ndi ofanana ndi anthu ambiri, koma aliyense angathe kubweretsa zolinga zawo kudzipha ikuchitika.

Zimayambitsa kudzipha (Durkheim)

Mmodzi wa mbali yaikulu ya zimayambitsa chikhalidwe cha kudzipha ndi French Katswiri Emil Dyurkgeym. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chake, anthu amene amakhala ndi chifukwa cha zambiri za kudzipha.

Durkheim kuti kuli mtundu wa chikumbu chikhalidwe, kuwauza kuti anthu mmene angakhalire. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akhoza anatsimikizira kuti iye sanali woyenera moyo, chifukwa iye alibe banja kapena ntchito. Zonse zomwe zimayambitsa zikuluzikulu za kudzipha Iwo inali imodzi - kusungulumwa. Kuti amakankhira munthu kuona nkhani za moyo.

Osati sitikugwirizana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa maganizo kudzipha Durkheim zimapangitsa mfundo zotsatirazi: m'nyumba kwa anthu wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo ndi akazi kuposa amuna. Komabe, yotsirizira tikudzipereka 80% odzipha okha. Komanso, iye ananena, ndipo ndi maganizo a kumbali ya kuti kudzipha tinatengera. The Katswiri limanena kuti amuna ndi akazi kulandira akonzedwa yomweyo imene imachititsa, koma ndi nthumwi amphamvu a anthu kawirikawiri amadzipha.

Zimayambitsa kudzipha amuna Malinga Durkheim, ndi monga chikhalidwe. Iwo alibe zizigwirizana malamulo a anthu, sapeza ndalama zothandizira banja kapena ayi nawo Motero, ntchito pofuna anthu.

Mitundu ya kudzipha Durkheim

Katswiri ogaŵikana mitundu yambiri ya kudzipha. Zifukwa kudzipha chifukwa, izo zimatengera mtundu wake.

Choncho mitundu itatu kudzipha Durkheim:

• kudzikonda;
• athandize nzika zawo;
• anonimichesky.

Wodzikonda mtundu kumachitika pamene munthu akukumana ndi kulephera kuti akakwanilitse zosowa munthu wodzikonda. Mwachitsanzo, munthu angafune ndalama zambiri kapena udindo wapamwamba anthu, koma ndiribe chuma mkati kukwaniritsa cholinga. Pankhaniyi, makamaka ngati palibe thandizo kwa okondedwa, Mwina kudzipha ndi mkulu. Mokomera chiphunzitso chimenechi atsogolera Katswiri manambala mkulu wa odzipha Achiprotestanti amene amati makhalidwe zadyera za patsogolo munthu.

Athandize nzika zawo kudzipha amatchedwa munthu okhululukidwa ndi moyo amafuna kwa ena. Mwachitsanzo, zikatero n'zotheka pamene anadzipha kuti apeze inshuwalansi banja kwa moyo wa womwalirayo.

Anonimichesky kudzipha kugwirizana ndi boma makamaka kwa anthu pamene pali kusiyana, ndipo palibe malamulo ndi abwino chimango cha khalidwe. Durkheim ankakhulupirira kuti kwambiri mofulumira kukula kwa anthu kungachititse kuti misa kudzipha. Pa mlingo uwu, palibe malire amene anatsagana ndi zachuma, kapena M'malo mwake, dzuka. Mbali yoyamba, anthu amadzipha chifukwa cha imfa ya ku likulu lachiwiri - chifukwa choti ena akukhala watanthauzo mofulumira. Mtundu wa kudzipha ndi mtundu wa odzikonda, chifukwa chimadaliranso zosowa lenileni la munthuyo.

Odzipha achinyamata

zaka zovuta - ndi gawo kovuta kwambiri mapangidwe umunthu wamkulu. N'chifukwa chake mwa gulu m'badwo zedi mkulu kuchuluka zodzipha.

Zimayambitsa kudzipha mwana ali motere:

• mikangano ndi makolo kapena mabwenzi;
• lolemera mkhalidwe wa banja;
• manyazi ndi anzawo;
• unrequited chikondi.

Komanso, umunthu unformed ali kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi atolankhani. Chifukwa, pali zambiri Kuthetsa ambiri ndi moyo monga potsanzira otchulidwa amalikonda kuchokera mafilimu kapena mabuku.

Other kudzipha chimachititsa achinyamata - ndi mowa, poizoni kapena chomwa mankhwalawa, komanso maganizo. Komanso, kudzipha imfa ya wachibale kapena mnzathu wapamtima kapena underachievement wa khalidwe. Kwa atsikana zimayambitsa kudzipha kukhala kugwiriridwa kapena mimba msanga.

Komabe, si onse kudzipha chifukwa cha ngozi. Achinyamata kukumana mphatso umunthu, si woyenera mu zenizeni ozungulira kuti kumawachititsa ngati opanda anzawo. Ndicho chimene kufika nawo zimenezi wosimidwa.

Kupewa odzipha achinyamata

Zimayambitsa kudzipha ndiponso kupewa awo Iwo ali mmodzi wa mavuto zofunika kwambiri za kuwerenga maganizo. kudzipha Kodi ndi mmene kupeŵa, m'pofunika kuphunzitsa ana kuyambira ndili wamng'ono. Panthawiyi, makolo ambiri kupewa phunziro, kukhulupirira kuti mwana wawo sikungawononge vuto.

Kupewa odzipha achinyamata yake maganizo thandizo ndi kutengapo mbali zabwino. Komanso, ayenera kuganizira digiri yapamwamba ya suggestibility gulu m'badwo uwu. Achinyamata osakwanitsa wamng'ono wokongola mtembo wake bokosi chisoni okondedwa, komanso kukhala wolakwa. Nkofunika kuthetsa nthano imeneyi, kufotokoza ndi kusonyeza bwino mmene adzayang'ana pambuyo wawo. Tikamachita zinthu njira iyi, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti achinyamata ali tcheru kwambiri ndi akamva mawu aliwonse angakhalire sizimadziwika. Ndicho chifukwa chake nkhani za achinyamata ofuna kudzipha n'kofunika kwambiri masiku ano.

Kudzipha ndi thandizo

Nkofunika kuthandiza munthu amene anavomereza kuti zolinga zake. Nthawi zambiri muyenera gawo losavuta ndi kukambirana zachinsinsi, amene adzatha kufotokoza madandaulo awo onse ndiponso nkhawa. chidwi chenicheni pa zanu ndi chidziwitso chingatithandize kuti iye sanyalanyaza inu. kumverera Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti munthu amene wadzipereka kuti adziphe.

M'pofunika kuchita kukambirana kuti anthu anazindikira kulephera kwa mchitidwewo ndi zotsatirapo zake manda anthu kumuyandikira. Nkofunika kuti afotokoze kutsutsika kwa zikomo omasukirana ngati wakuti kuyesa kuthandiza kupeza njira yothetsera zimenezi. Nthawi zambiri munthu ngati kukambirana moona mtima kumathandiza munthu kutuluka boma la maganizo, ndipo ngati mulibe kutaya zokhumba zawo kudzipha, kapena kuimitsa kaye iwo. Ndipo kudzakhala mwayi kumuthandiza kwathunthu kuyiwala za zolinga zawo.

Monga ulamuliro, chigamulo samabwera mwadzidzidzi amadzipha. Kawirikawiri izi ndi udzu lomaliza pa nkhani mavuto m'moyo. Choncho, kusamalira okondedwa ndi kutha kuoneratu ngozi, mukhoza Kupulumusa munthu.