Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg: kufotokoza, mbiri

Mbiri ya Winter Palace ku St. Petersburg, komanso nyumba zina zambiri m'mudzi, akuyamba ku nthawi za Tsar Peter I. Mu 1711, gulu mfumu anamanga chinachake ngati yozizira zogona, amene ankatchedwa Zima Palace. Zinali kakang'ono ziwiri storey nyumba ya denga la matailosi ndi khonde mkulu ndi masitepe. Mbiri ya Winter Palace ku St. Petersburg ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi Mipikisano gawo. Chabwino, ndi nthawi kuyamba ulendo umenewu.

Chachiwiri Zima Palace

Ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri, mzinda unakula mofulumira, ndipo koposa anthu, pafupi ndi mfumuyo (ie mfumu), anayamba kumanga minda yawo St. Petersburg. Peter Ine, kumene, komanso anafuna zobiriwira tchuthi kunyumba. Choncho panali wotchuka Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg. Nyumba yachifumu chachiwiri inamangidwa pafupi woyamba ndi wamanga I. Matarnovi. Nyumba yachifumu anali kokha zikuluzikulu pang'ono kuposa oyamba aja, koma inamangidwa ndi miyala, koma ambiri a iwo ndi chidwi kuti iwo unali kuno mu 1725, anafa Tsar Peter I. Information za Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg anapulumuka moti alendo aliyense akhoza kuyang'ana pa malo imfa ya mfumu.

Chachitatu Zima Palace

Wazomangamanga Domenico Trezzini ananyamula wamakono wa wachiwiri Zima Palace pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu. nyumbayi kunapezeka kwenikweni lalikulu ndi otchuka. Chachiwiri Zima Palace anali kumadzulo mapiko, ndi pa malo lachitatu la chipinda chachikulu tsopano ndi Hermitage Theatre. Za Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg, inu mukhoza kudziwa zambiri, ndipo si kagawo kakang'ono ka nkhani zonse zazikulu.

chachinayi Palace

Azambiriyakale chachinayi yachifumu amagwirizana ndi dzina Anny Ioannovny. Finicky mfumukazi sanakhutire ndi chakuti ena mwa asilikali Apraksin Palace zazikulu ndi kuposa ake ... koma iye sanali wamkulu mokwanira ndi zabwino kwa Ufumu wake. Wazomangamanga Rastrelli yothetsera vutoli motere: icho chakhala Ufumuyo alipo yachifumu lachitatu thupi yaitali kwambiri. nyumba imeneyi imatchedwa kuti "The chachinayi Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg." Kufotokoza mwa chidule za maofesi awa: lalikulu yachifumu ndi pamakoma ziwiri zabwino. Rastrelli analidi luso wamanga.

Chinthu chofunika chachisanu ndi chimodzi

Chachisanu yachifumu anali chabe pang'ono, osati yaulemerero matabwa pogona, chomwenso ndi ili kutali ndi mtsinje wa Neva. Koma nyumba yachifumu chimodzi anali kwenikweni wosaneneka chachikulu. Ambiri, onse Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg anali wotsogola pa nthawi yake. Panthawi imeneyi kutsogolo kwa wamanga chachikulu chinali pafupifupi wosagonjetseka vuto: kukhala ntchito ya nyumba ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamoyo kwa zaka ziwiri! Chinali akufunira wa ndiye Mfumukazi Elizabeth!

Pa nyumba chimodzi ntchito zikwi osema, amisiri, antchito foundry, ndi ena ambiri. m'madera yaikulu ndi chuma akhala allocated zosowa za yomanga. Koma Mkulu wa akatswiri okonza Rastrelli adadziwa kuti zaka ziwiri iye sanali kusamalira, komanso mosalekeza anapempha magetsi. Pomaliza, Movutikira, iye anakwanitsa kufika Mfumukazi kuwonjezera kwa chaka.

Inde kulenga ya Rastrelli

Pomaliza, kunapezeka zonse Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg. Kufotokoza mwa chidule za izo ndi izi: miyeso chachikulu cha luso. Nyumba yachifumu anali pamakoma awiri: mmodzi anapita ku dera, winayo - kwa Neva. Pa nthawi otentha chaka yachifumu amasonyeza mu madzi a mtsinje, amene wachulukitsa zotsatira.

Genius Rastrelli mwangwiro pakati Kamangidwe mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu. Mpheroyi apansi atatu. Ili pa maudindo woyamba pa chachiwiri - ndi staterooms ndi mipingo iwiri, ndipo phaka lachitatu wakhala allocated kwathunthu ku khoti. Ambiri, m'bwalo, panali 460 zipinda zosiyanasiyana ali ndi mapeto zidzasintha. Mwina ndiye chifukwa kufufuza kulenga Rastrelli akhoza bwinobwino kuti kukopa kiyi wa St. Petersburg - Zima Palace.

Imfa ya Mfumukazi ndi mwini latsopano la nyumba ya

Mfumukazi Elizabeth, zikuoneka mosalingalira kumva kutha pafupi, choncho ankafuna polojekiti yachifumu wake mwamsanga pamene anamaliza ngati nkotheka. Komabe, iye anafa mu kanthawi yachifumu matabwa a wachisanu, ndipo sanaone Zima wake Palace.

Mu 1761, nyumba yachifumu "analanda" Tsar Peter III. Iye adali okondwa kwambiri ndi chidutswa cha luso mapulani ndipo anaganiza kulemekeza Rastrelli udindo wa Major General. Komabe, anakwera ku mpando wachifumu mu 1962 Catherine II anawononga ntchito za mmisiri wamkulu, ndipo iye anali kusamuka ku Italy, kumene ndinapitiriza ntchito zapaderazi a.

A pang'ono za ndondomeko ya nyumbayi

Monga tanena pomanga zikwi serfs ankagwira. Chochepa wa iwo anapatsidwa ufulu moyo ndi kugona mu chipinda cha Zima Palace, koma ambiri anayikidwa mu kwake kumene pa meadows Admiralty. Ogulitsa kuti mbali ya mzinda, powona kukomeza izi zonse, anakokomeza mtengo chakudya, ndi kulipira chakudya deducted kwa malipiro a ogwira ntchito. Sizinali zachilendo, ndipo kotero kuti ntchito anakhalabe ndi ngongole kwa bwana wawo pambuyo tsiku lolandila malipiro. Kunena, ena osema miyala ngakhale kufa, kotero zinthu zinali losaneneka. Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg, ngati Wall Wamkulu wa China, boma anafuna gawo chilungamo chuma. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Russia anali pa nkhondo ndi Prussia, kuti alimbikire zida anatembenuka achabe Palibe, blacksmiths ambiri ankagwira pomanga Zima Palace.

Yomanga Zima Palace panali okwana 2.5 miliyoni rubles, ndipo m'masiku amenewo ruble anali ndalama wapatali kwambiri.

Moto mu Zima Palace

Mu 1837, izo zinachitika mkuntho choopsa - wokongola Zima Palace anathyola! Chifukwa cha ngoziyi anali kulephera kwa m'chumunicho lapansi. Ukulu wa moto ukanakhala moonadi m'patali - maola 30 kuti anali chimatha battalions angapo alonda regiments, makampani awiri a moto nyumba yachifumu, gulu la grenadiers yachifumu ndi mazana "mayunitsi." Pofuna kupulumutsa katundu nyumba yachifumu, asilikali amasowa njerwa chitseko, akuyesetsa kuletsa moto, denga ankaiphwasula chigawo ndi chigawo, kuti athe madzi pamwamba, koma ntchito leni si anabweretsa.

kukonzanso nyumba yachifumu

Pamene moto Potsiriza anafa pansi, izo zikanakhala zotheka kupeza yekha malinga ndi kudenga la pansi choyamba - china chirichonse anali olumala kupitirira kuzindikira. Mu 1837 izo anayamba ntchito kubwezeretsa, imene inatha patapita zaka zitatu (Kumbukirani kuti nthawi yomweyo Zima Palace inamangidwa kuchokera zikande). Ndipo ngakhale kuti ntchito tsiku lililonse nawo ndi 10 zikwi. Antchito. Kuyambira nthawi ya kapangidwe loyambirira la nyumba yachifumu anatenga ndalama yaikulu nthawi zambiri zithunzi za zinatayika, kenako mapulani anayenera mukupeka. Chifukwa cha Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg kwambiri losandulizika, kupeza masiku ano tione mbali zomangamanga. Choncho zoona, "Baibulo chiwiri" kwa nyumba yachifumu. Kufotokozera za Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg zotsatirazi: zoyera wobiriwira maonekedwe ndi zambiri mizati ndi kukumana nthawi ndi zokongoletsera zagolide.

Electrification ndi wamakono mkati

Pa nthawi imeneyi 1869-1888, nsanja zokhalamo m'zonse Sinthani: telefoniziruyut, inasangalatsa, gazofitsiruyut, achite mipope madzi. Mwa njira, kwa electrification wa Zima Palace pansi wake wachiwiri inamangidwa magetsi, limene kwa zaka 15 ankaona yaikulu mu Europe.

Mothandizidwa mwanjira osiyana a nyumba yachifumu mobwerezabwereza pansi kukulitsa mkati ndi kupaka makoma. Palibe mitundu woteroyo ndi utawaleza sipekitiramu, amene si papezeka panthawi Zima Palace. Mwachitsanzo, pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World nyumba yachifumu anali nawo wolemera wofiira mtundu.

Zima Palace lero

Nkhani ya Winter Palace ku St. Petersburg Chakumapeto kwa. Tsopano alipo mu mgwirizano ndi owonetsera moyandikana ndi chimapanga nawo limodzi zovuta "Hermitage". Izi otsiriza, Baibulo chitatu. Zachabe ndi digiri zosaneneka kumamukhazuka chipangizo tione motsimikiza kuti kukopa kiyi wa St. Petersburg - Zima Palace.

Tsopano zazikulu Zima Palace lidzatsegulidwa maulendo ndi maulendo mbiri. Kufotokozera za Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg, kuchokera mkamwa ya mbiri ndi luso kwenikweni chidwi. Alendo ndi ufulu kusangalala mwangwiro nakonza wachifumu holo ya St. George, ndi Golden Malo kapena kaso boudoir wodzala ndi nambala yaikulu kalirole ndi zokongoletsera zagolide. Komanso mtengo uchidet Malachite Malo mizati wolemera wobiriwira ndi otchuka konsati holo. Ndiponso ali ndi luso zomera ndi zambiri ntchito pachiyambi.