Yegor Gaidar. Wambiri, ntchito. Banja Russian wandale

Lero, ambiri kunjenjemera kukumbukira mgugu 90 m, pamene anthu mamiliyoni ambiri anakakamizika kuona mavuto onse a kusinthika kuchokera ku sosholisimu kuti bizinesi. Mmodzi wa kanjedza chifungulo pa zandale panthawiyo anali Yegor Gaidar. Ngakhale kuyambira pa imfa ya malamulo anadutsa zaka 5, komabe yomangika mtsutso za kukonzanso chuma kugwiridwa ndi anayamba dongosolo lawo.

Yegor Gaidar: yonena, dziko la makolo

Dzina la kuti mfundo mu USSR poyamba ankadziwika kuti aliyense wa sukulu, monga ana ambiri Soviet anakulira chitsanzo cha ngwazi za mabuku olembedwa ndi agogo ake - Arkadiem Golikovym. Pa Civil nkhondo kumenyana mu mabungwe mabungwe a Red Army, ndipo pamene akutumikira Khakassia iye anali dzina Gaidar. Kenako, wolemba anamutenga monga dzina, amene ndiye zapita mwana wake ku ukwati wake wachiwiri ndi Liey Lazarevnoy Solomyanskoy - Timur, ndiyeno mdzukulu wake. Motero, bambo Egora Gaydara ndi Russian yekha pa atate wake, koma ali mizu Ayuda mayi.

Timur Abramovich anabadwa mu 1926 ndipo anapereka moyo wake kwa Soviet apanyanja, kukwera ku Mulingo wa kumbuyo asilikali. Likufanana ndi ichi, analandira digiri yachiwiri pa mphamvu ya utolankhani WPA iwo. Lenin, ndipo atamaliza ntchito yake yausilikali, ntchito monga mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala "Pravda" kunja. Mu 1955 anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa anthu otchuka Russian wolemba Bazhov - Ariadne Pavlovna, ndipo mu 1956 anali ndi mwana - Yegor Gaidar, mbiri, unzika wawo ntchito m'bwalolo zandale pansipa.

ubwana

Egor Timurovich Gaydar (mbiri, dziko la makolo ake kale) anabadwira ku Moscow. Monga zanenedwa, iye ndi mdzukulu wa olemba awiri odziwika bwino. Pankhani mfundo za boma, iye ankaona yekha Russian.

Ndili wamng'ono Yegor anali mu Cuba, kumene monga mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala "Pravda", anatumidwa ndi bambo ake. Kumeneko anakumana ndi Fidel Castro ndi Suntuke Guevara, yemwe anapita kunyumba kumene banja moyo Egora Gaydara.

Mu 1966, mnyamata anatengedwera ku Yugoslavia, kumene anadziwa mabuku, amene yoletsedwa ku Soviet Union, komanso kudzindikira choona, undistorted tanthauzo la Marx ndi Chichewa ndi ntchito zachuma.

Mu 1971 banja anabwerera ku likulu, ndi Yegor Gaidar kupita ku sukulu nambala 152, yomwe zaka 2 kenako maphunziro ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi. Mwalowa mphamvu zachuma wa Moscow State University, mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzira nkhani mutakonzekera makampani, ndipo atalandira dipuloma wofiira anapitiriza kudziwa zambiri mu sukulu maphunziro.

Ntchito ndiponso kufufuza zinthu mu nthawi predperestroechny

Mu 1980, Gaydar Egor Timurovich kumbuyo PhD wake nkhani yolembedwa pa njira wodzilamulira ndalama, analowa Party Communist, amene anakhalabe mpaka August 1991 kulanda boma chaka ndipo analandira yogawa mu Institute Scientific Kafukufuku Studies System.

Kumeneko anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la asayansi wamng'ono, kutsogozedwa ndi odziwika Soviet zachuma Stanislav Shatalin. Posachedwa Gaidar ndi anzake ndawala kusanthula poyerekeza cha kukonzanso chuma m'mayiko a msasa zokomera, popangidwa ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba kufunika kwa kusintha lofunika mu USSR.

Mu nthawi yomweyo, wasayansi anakumana ndi Anatoliem Chubaysom, ndi kuzungulira iwo anapanga bwalo la amaganizo amodzi, ogwirizana wofuna kusintha mu dera zachuma.

Mu 1986, Yegor Gaidar mu gulu motsogozedwa Shatalina unasamutsidwira Institute of Economics wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR, ndi asayansi chifukwa cha malamulo a glasnost, Gorbachev ananena, kunali kotheka kukambirana nkhani zokhudzana ndi pokonzekera kusintha kwa abale msika.

mu ntchito ya utolankhani

Gaidar liberalizing maganizo a chuma tikhoza sitikudziwa kugulu, ngati wasayansi chiyani osalola kukhala mkonzi kazembe "Communist" magazini, ndipo kenako - mutu wa dipatimenti chuma nyuzipepala "Pravda". Mu nthawi iyi ya ntchito yake, iye kulimbikitsa mfundo kuchepetsa ndalama bajeti pa dera, musati kubweretsa ubwino chogwirika. Pankhaniyi, pa siteji koyamba za ntchito yake monga mtolankhani ndi Gaidar anali wothandiza kusintha zinthu pang'onopang'ono izo zikanakhala zotheka kuchita mwa dongosolo Soviet alipo.

ntchito monga wapampando wa Boma ya RSFSR AI

Wotchuka August usiku mu 1991 Egor Gaydar nawo motetezera White House. Kumeneko anakumana ndi Mlembi State wa RSFSR G. Burbulis. Last anakopa Yeltsin kupatsa chitukuko cha pulogalamu ya kukonzanso chuma Gaidar gulu. Mu October 1991, inali kuperekedwa pa Congress 5 cha akuluakulu anthu, ndipo ovomerezedwa ndi nthumwi. Patapita masiku angapo, Gaydar Egor Timurovich anaikidwa Wachiwiri wapampando wa boma RSFSR woyang'anira nkhani zachuma, ndipo June 15, 1992 anakhala akuchita Nduna. Mmalo awa adakhalabe mpaka December 15, 1992 ndipo unachita mbali yofunika polenga ambiri la mabungwe a boma la Russia, monga msonkho ndi banki dongosolo, miyambo, misika chuma ndi ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo lero, otsutsa a Gaidar kuli oyankhira zotsatira zoipa za kusintha kwa: ndi devaluation ndalama anthu, hyperinflation, kuchepa ulimi, kufooka lakuthwa mu pafupifupi muyezo wa chikhalidwe, komanso kukula kwa lochitira ndalama.

Political ndi aphungu mavuto mu 1993

Yegor Gaidar, amene yonena muli mavesi osati za akuluakulu, komanso zotsika, amene sanalandire thandizo la akuluakulu a 7 Congress cha akuluakulu anthu pa udindo wake monga wapampando wa boma. chokana Izi kuvomereza ndondomeko pa imodzi mwa udindo wofunika kwambiri pa boma, pamodzi ndi zifukwa zina zinachititsa kuti chiyambi cha mavuto a ndale.

Kuyambira December 1992 September 1993, Yegor Gaidar ankachita nawo ntchito sayansi. Komanso, iye analangiza mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia pa mfundo zachuma. wandale anali wofunika pa mavuto oyendetsera dziko la 1993, masiku pang'ono izo zisanachitike, anaikidwa Wachiwiri wapampando wa boma Chernomyrdin. Ndipo Iye anafunsa Muscovites pa TV ndi otchedwa kusonkhanitsa pafupi nyumba ya Moscow Council City. Chifukwa, pa usiku wa September 22 pa Tverskaya anaonekera okwatiranawo, ndipo m'mawa panali namondwe White House inathera ndi chigonjetso cha mbali Yeltsin.

Posachedwa kunapezeka kuti Gaidar ndi Chernomyrdin asemphana lofunika pa nkhani yaikulu mfundo zachuma a dziko, kotero Gaidar kalata yomudziwitsa kuti ndasiya wake, atauza zolinga za zochita zake mu kalata pulezidenti.

zinthu zina

Kuyambira December 1993 mpaka kumapeto a 1995, Gaidar anali kazembe State Duma. Likufanana ndi ichi, anali kupita chipani "Democratic Kusankha Russia". Pa Chechen nkhondo wandale Yegor Gaidar anapanga kumenyana ndi mdani, ndipo anaitana Boris Yeltsin kusiya nomination wake lotsatira pulezidenti yaitali. Komabe, pambuyo buku la dongosolo kuthetsa mtendere wa nkhondo ya ku Chechnya, chipani chake amapereka mutu nkoyenera a boma.

chipika "Union of Mphamvu Yake" unakhazikitsidwa mu 1999. Pamene iye analowa chipani ndi Gaidar. Pa chisankhochi, womwe unachitikira mu December chaka chino, iye anasankhidwa ndi kazembe State Duma wa convocation lachitatu. Pa ntchito yake Kumwambamwamba malamulo thupi la dziko Gaidar nawo chitukuko cha bajeti ndi Tax zizindikiro.

mfundo imfa

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, moyo wa Yegor Gaidar ankavutika ndi matenda ena. Makamaka mu 2006, iye anakomoka pa maonekedwe onse mu Ireland, anatengedwera ku odwala mwakayakaya unit wa kuchipatala m'deralo ndipo anakhala kumeneko masiku angapo. Chichitikireni zimenezi zinachitika pa tsiku kulengeza za poyizoni ndi polonium Alexander Litvinenko, mu mphekesera makinawo Gaidar analinso atavutika ndi kuyesa kuphedwa. Iwo anali ankafufuza, koma palibe umboni poizoni anapezeka.

Egora Gaydara imfa zinachitika December 16, 2009 panyumba yake, inali m'mudzi wa Akukwera. Odziwika zachuma panthawiyo anali chaka 53 okha. Ana Egora Gaydara, makamaka, mwana wake Maria, inanena kuti bambo ake anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Monga madokotala, iwo dzina lake monga chifukwa cha detachment wa thrombus.

Maliro mfundo unachitikira ku Novodevichy manda. Egora Gaydara mkazi ndi anthu ena a m'banja lake sanafune kuulula tsiku awo, kotero manda zinachitika popanda pamaso pa akunja.

moyo

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Egor Gaydar anakwatira oyambirira ndithu, pa zaka 22. Anasankha, wophunzira wa Inde 5 cha luso zachuma wa Moscow State University anakhala Irina Smirnova, amene wandale anakumana naye zaka 10. Monga mmene kenako anavomereza Egor Gaydar, moyo wake mu nthawi ya kuphunzira pasukulu maphunziro ndi mu zaka zoyambirira za Institute ndi Research kwa Studies System ndiribe kusanduka. Choncho, ngakhale kuti ukwati woyamba anali ndi ana awiri, pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi, iye anayamba kuganiza za kusudzulana.

Patapita nthawi, Gaidar anapanga ukwati chachiwiri ndi Maria Strugatsky. Choncho, malamulo kuyandikana ndi wotchuka Soviet yopeka wolemba Arkadiem Strugatskim, amene anakhala mpongozi wake, ndi wotchuka Sinologist Iley Oshaninym amene anabwera agogo a mkazi wake. Banja chachiwiri Egora Gaydara chinakhalapo mpaka imfa yake, ndi ku banja anabereka mwana wamwamuna.

Ana Egora Gaydara

Monga tanenera kale, ku mfundo banja loyamba anali ndi ana awiri: mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Makolo kusudzula, mtsikana anakhala ndi amayi ake, pamene mchimwene wake - Peter - Irina Smirnova anavomera kusunga makolo wa mwamuna wake, yemwe doted.

Komanso, mkazi wachiwiri Egora Gaydara, amene anali mwana kuchokera pa ubwenzi yapita, ndinali ndi banja chachiwiri mnyamata wina. Zimenezi zinachitika mu 1990, ndi mwana wotchedwa Paulo. Iye ndi mdzukulu wa Arkady Strugatsky ndi zidzukulutudzi Arkadiya Gaydara ndi Paulo Bazhov.

Choncho, malamulo a ana onse atatu kwachilengedwenso ndi chimodzi Mwana womulera.

Maria Gaidar

Kwa ana onse a malamulo panthawi chidwi kwambiri yokha amakopeka ndi mwana wamkazi kwa ukwati wake woyamba - Maria Gaidar. Pambuyo chilekaniro cha makolo ake pa zaka 3 msungwana wakale anapitiriza kukhala ndi mayi ake, amene posachedwa anakwatiwanso. Pamene Mariya kalasi yachitatu, makolo ake anasamukira ku Bolivia. Pamaso pa ulendo, iye anasintha dzina la mtsikana, ndipo anakhala Smirnova. Patapita zaka 5, Maria, pamodzi ndi mayi ake komanso bambo anabwerera ku Moscow ndipo ndinayamba kupita kusukulu yapadera ndi Spanish kupindika. dzina Gaidar, iye ali anapezanso yekha pa zaka 22, pambuyo Academy of Economy National.

Atalandira digiri malamulo ake, iye anapita kupyola ntchito zochepa, popeza ntchito kwa mphunzitsi, bwana ndi katswiri popanga mapulani, ndiyeno mwana wa Egora Gaydara anayesa dzanja lake monga TV presenter pa O2TV, ndipo kuyambira 2008 - pa wailesi "Echo wa Moscow".

Likufanana ndi ichi, Maria Egorovna kukhala wochitachita mu ntchito ndale ndipo mu 2006 anali membala wa Presidium wa Union of Mphamvu Kulondola. Iye wakhala anakhalabe maganizo oppositional mobwerezabwereza anakhala misonkhano chipani ndipo akulowera bungwe ndi otsutsa boma atsopano a dziko.

March 26, 2009, mwana wamkazi wa Egora Gaydara anakhala wamng'ono wachiwiri-bwanamkubwa wa boma latsopano la Russia, koma mu 2011 iye analengeza yosiya ntchito yake mogwirizana ndi kufuna kupitiriza maphunziro awo ku United States, pa sukulu ya BOMA izo. John. F. Kennedy pa Harvard.

Atabwerera ku United States, Maria ntchito mwachidule mu boma la Moscow, n'kukaziika kutsogolo kwa Moscow City Duma akuluakulu, koma anali mayina izberkomom mu malingaliro kudziwika kuyan'anila mu zolembedwa. ganizo limeneli anali apilo ku khoti, koma chomalizachi zikutsatidwa izo.

M'chaka cha 2015 M. Gaidar anaikidwa Wachiwiri wapampando wa Odessa makonzedwe dera pa umboni wa Mikhail Saakashvili, ndipo kenako anakana Russian nzika.

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri sayansi

Yegor Gaidar, amene yonena tsopano kwa inu, mosakaika, zinathandiza kwambiri mbiri aposachedwapa a dziko lathu. kuwerengetsa ake ali koma kuti kupatsa ana athu, koma simungathe angasokoneze nyota za mfundo imeneyi yasayansi, ambiri maganizo omwe anatsimikizira pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Zina mwa ntchito chidwi kwambiri sayansi Egora Gaydara akhoza anati:

• buku "State ndi Evolution" anadzipereka kwa ubale wamphamvu ndi katundu wa boma Russian;
• ntchito "Anomalies wa Growth Economic", omwe ankachita ndi zimene zimayambitsa kugwa kwa chuma zokomera;
• nkhani yakuti "Pa kusintha mabungwe lonse ndalama" ndi ena.

Pa nthawi, chidwi ndi ntchito ya "Kutha kwa ufumu", wolembedwa mu 2006. Pali Gaidar ananeneratu kuti n'zotheka mavuto amene angakhalepo chifukwa kusinthasintha mafuta mtengo.