Yakutsk: anthu. Kukula kwa mzinda ndi zolemba za dziko

M'dera la permafrost ndilo mzinda waukulu kwambiri wa Russia - Yakutsk. Anthu okhala m'dera lawo ndi ofanana ndi anthu zikwi mazana atatu. Koma ngati mukuwerengera midzi yonse yapafupi ndi yozungulira, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukula mpaka anthu 330,000. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupi makumi atatu peresenti ya anthu a Republic yense amakhala pano.

Zambiri zokhudza mzindawu

Malo a Yakutsk ali makilomita 120. Ndilo malo okhala akuluakulu kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikoli komanso mzinda wachitatu waukulu kwambiri ku Far East. N'chifukwa chake likulu la Sakha Republic ndi Yakutsk. Chiwerengero cha anthu ochokera kudera lonselo chikubwera kudzalandira maphunziro, kukhala ndi moyo komanso kugwira ntchito. Mzindawu uli m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Lena, chifukwa cha zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa madoko akuluakulu a mtsinje. Komanso kugawo la Yakutka pali nyanja zambiri komanso anthu okalamba.

Zachilengedwe

Mzinda wolamulira umagawidwa m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Makampani sanalandire chitukuko chabwino pano. Ndipo mafakitale omwe alipo mumzindawu amakhalapo okha kuti akhalebe moyo wa kuthetsa. Komabe, Yakutsk amaonedwa kuti ndilo lalikulu kwambiri la bizinesi ndi malonda. Anthu okhala mumzindawu amagwira ntchito makamaka m'madera omwe ali pamwambapa. Choncho, maziko a zachuma a likulu la Republic ndizochita malonda. Palibe sitima yapamtunda mumzinda. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali yonse ya katundu wonyamula katundu imadutsa pa doko la mtsinje. Mumudziwu ulendowu ukuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mabasi ndi ma taxi osiyanasiyana.

Anthu

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, anthu pafupifupi 30,000 ankakhala mumzinda uno. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chiwerengero chasintha kwambiri. Ndipo kale pa January 1, 1990 anthu a Yakutsk anali pafupi anthu okwana 192,000. Panthawiyi, kusamukira kumadera akumidzi kwa anthu ochokera kumidzi yosiyana siyana. M'zaka khumi zotsatira, panali anthu otuluka bwino kwambiri. Makamaka anali anthu olankhula Chirasha a Yakutsk. Choncho, mu 2000, chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala m'dera la mzindawo sichinasinthe kwambiri. Zinali zofanana ndi zikwi 196.

Kuyambira m'ma 2000, anthu ochokera ku Central Asia, China ndi Caucasus asamukira kuderali. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu a mumzinda wa Yakutsk anayamba kukula mofulumira. Kale panthawi ya 2010 panali anthu 267,000. Njira yabwinoyi inapitiliza zaka zotsatira. Motero, kuyambira pa 1 January, 2016, malinga ndi chiwerengero chaposachedwa, pali anthu pafupifupi 315,000. Mwa awa, 167,000 ndi akazi, 148,000 ndi amuna. Chiberekero mu kuthetsa uku ndi kwakukulu, kotero pafupifupi banja lirilonse liri ndi ana atatu. Ambiri a zaka za Yakutsk ali pafupi zaka 45.

Zolemba zosiyanasiyana

Zikuwoneka ngati mzinda wambiri wa Yakutsk. Chiwerengero cha anthu pano ndi ambiri mwa Yakuts, omwe pafupifupi 145,000 amakhala mumudzi uwu. Pali anthu okwana 114,000 a ku Russia, koma pali anthu ambiri osiyana. Mzindawu umakhala ndi Caucasus, koma makamaka Ingush. Ndiponso, pali diasporas yaing'ono ya Aarmenian ndi a Chechens omwe samatsutsana. Ndipo ngakhale potsutsana ndi mikangano iliyonse yotsutsana, amathandizana. Kuwonjezera apo, pano pali mitundu ngati iyi: a Ukrainians, a Tatars, a Buryats, a Ossetia, a Polesi, a Lithuanians, a Kirghiz, Evens, a Tajiks, a Koreya, a Moldova, a Dagestani, a Chichina ndi ena.

Kodi ndi chipembedzo chiti chimene chimazindikira anthu?

Chifukwa cha anthu ambiri omwe amakhala mumzindawu, mabungwe achipembedzo amaimiridwa kwambiri. Pano pali nyumba yaikulu yopemphereramo ya zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Pali mipingo isanu ya Orthodox ku Yakutsk, komanso anthu okhulupirira Kale. M'gawo la chikhazikitso pali Akatolika komanso anthu omwe amakhulupirira Chisilamu, Buddhism ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Posachedwa, anthu a Yakutsk anafunsidwa ndi ogwira ntchito yaikulu yowonjezera. Zotsatira zake zinawululidwa kuti 27% a anthu ammudzi samakhulupirira mwa Mulungu nkomwe.

Kodi chiwerengero chasintha bwanji zaka khumi zapitazo?

Malingana ndi deta zatsopano zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha anthu mumzindawu, zinaululidwa kuti kuyambira 2003 chiŵerengero cha anthu awonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 20%. Mwa awa, 205,000 ali a zaka zakubadwa, ndipo 44,000 ali othawa ndalama. Choncho, pakanthawi Yakutsk ili ndi malo makumi asanu ndi limodzi (67) pakati pa zigawo zina za dziko la Russia mwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akukhala. Tsoka ilo, kuwonjezeka kotereku sikukuwonetsedwa m'madera okhudzana ndi mafakitale a republic. Anthu amapita kumeneko kuti akaphunzire, ndiyeno amagwira ntchito ku likulu, choncho chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa. G. Yakutsk pankhaniyi akupeza anthu atsopano.

Malingaliro a akatswiri m'tsogolomu

Pakati pa theka la chaka, msonkhano wokhazikika wa City Duma wa Yakutsk unkachitika pazokambirana za bajeti, komanso moyo wa chikhalidwe ndi umoyo wa kuthetsa. Ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha likulu la dzikoli kwa zaka zinayi zotsatira idakhazikitsidwa pa zokambirana za akuluakulu a boma. Pamsonkhanowu, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya zachuma ya oyang'anira chigawo chonse, Timofeev, adayankhula. Malingana ndi iye, mzindawu posachedwa udzayenera kukhalabe utsogoleri pakati pa madera ena a dziko la Republic pamalonda a katundu wogulitsa, komanso malonda a malonda ogulitsira malonda, zakudya zogulitsa malonda, kuitanitsa nyumba komanso, malinga ndi ntchito zomanga.

Chitetezo cha anthu ku Yakutsk ndi zonsezi chiyenera kuwonjezereka, chifukwa chiwerengero cha anthu chidzapitilira kukula. Ndipo mu 2017 adzakhala anthu pafupifupi 325,000 a m'matawuni. Atsogoleri akuyembekeza kuti chiwerengero cha kubadwa mumzinda chidzakhalabe ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri, ndipo ziyenera kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ochokera m'madera ena.

Malingana ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito m'magulu a anthu, ofesi ya malipiro ayenera kukhala pafupifupi rubulu zikwi makumi asanu. Mkulu wa malipiro adzakhalabe, monga kale, pakati pa antchito ogwira ntchito m'migodi, m'magulu a zachuma, komanso mu chitetezo cha asilikali ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka boma. Ogwira ntchito polankhulana ndi oyendetsa galimoto angathe kuyembekezera kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito yawo posachedwa. Ponena za ntchito zaulimi, zidziwitso za akatswiri sizilimbikitsa, popeza zonse zidzakhudza mwachindunji polojekitiyi.

Zoonadi

Zikuoneka kuti chiŵerengero cha kubala kwathunthu mumzinda wa Yakutia chinalembedwa mu 1987, ndipo mu 1991 chiwerengero cha mayitanidwe anafika ku mzindawu. Mu 2010, chiŵerengero cha ana omwe ali m'dera la Yakutsk chinawonekera m'zaka makumi atatu zapitazo. Ndipo m'chaka cha 2012, mbiri yokhudza kusamukira ku likulu la Republic of Sakha ku Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, komanso madera ambiri a Russia, inathyoledwa. Malingana ndi zomwe zanenedwa za akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu zanenedwa, pofika chaka cha 2020 chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapita ku penshoni chikhoza kufika pafupifupi 38 peresenti ya anthu omwe amakhalamo.

Kuchokera pa zonsezi, tikhoza kunena kuti anthu okhala m'dera lino lopweteka kwambiri, samadzimva kuti mwala. Anthu okhala mumzinda wa Yakutia ali ndi malingaliro ovomerezeka pa ndale ndipo nthawi zonse amayesetsa kuthandiza akuluakulu a dziko lino, popeza atsogoleri omwe alipo adzikonza mzindawo kuti athetse chitetezo cha anthu ndikulola Yakutsk lonse kukhazikitsa. Choncho, malo ambiri sangathe kutchedwa kansasa komwe anthu amapita kukagwira ntchito. Iyi ndi malo olamulira akuluakulu a dera lalikulu kwambiri, kumene zipangizo zamakono ndi zamoyo zonse zapangidwira. Onetsetsani kuti mudzachezere mudzi uwu waukulu, wokongola, wokongola kwambiri. Anthu ake amakhala okonda kuchereza alendo komanso ochezeka.