Yaikuluikulu mabwalo a magazi: chiwembu

Mu nyama ndi anthu mitsempha ya magazi ndi zovuta kwambiri. Ndi dongosolo chatsekedwa ongokhala makope awiri. Kupereka magazi ofunda, ndi ankafalitsa mwakhama kwambiri yabwino ndi amalola munthu kutenga kuti kagawo kakang'ono malo amene tsopano.

m'thupi - gulu la dzenje akulu limba amachititsa magazi kudzera zotengera za thupi. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi a likungosonyeza osiyana. Izi ndi chiwalo akulu kuti ndipamene bwalo la magazi. chiwembu chawo, okonza onse mabuku pa thunthu ndi anafotokoza m'bukuli.

Lingaliro la mabwalo kufalitsidwa

Mitsempha ya magazi imakhala mabwalo awiri - olimba (lalikulu) m'mapapo (zing'onozing'ono). Padziko mitsempha ya magazi Mitsempha akutchedwa, capillary, lymphatic ndi venous-mtundu, omwe amanyamula magazi kuchokera mu mtima mu zotengera ndi gulu lake zosiyana. Chapakati magazi m'thupi ndi mtima, chifukwa palibe kusanganikirana wolumikizira ndi venous magazi, mitanda iwiri.

zokhudza zonse kufalitsidwa

Kufalitsa zokhudza zonse ndi dongosolo kupereka zimakhala zotumphukira wolumikizira magazi ndi ulendo wake wobwerera ku mtima. Umayamba kwa ventricle kumanzere kumene magazi zipita msempha mwa orifice kung'ambika ndi valavu tricuspid. Magazi kung'ambika walangizidwa mitsempha ang'onoang'ono ndi logwirika adza kwa capillaries. Izi ya matupi kupanga kugwirizana chifukwa.

Apa mu minofu aziwapatsa mpweya, ndi maselo ofiira akugwidwa mpweya. Komanso mu minofu magazi Amakweza kwa amino zidulo, lipoproteins, shuga, mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya akutsatiridwa wa capillaries ndi venules mu mopitirira mu mitsempha zikuluzikulu. Iwo kugwera mu mitsempha dzenje kuti abwerere magazi mtima mu atrium bwino.

Kumanja atrium itha kufalitsidwa. Chiwembu ili (motsogozedwa magazi): kumanzere ventricle, ndi msempha, mitsempha zotanuka, zotanuka, akulu mitsempha akulu mitsempha, arterioles, capillaries, venules, mitsempha ndi vena cava, magazi kubwerera ku mtima mu atrium bwino. Kuyambira kufalitsa zokhudza zonse kudyetsa ubongo, khungu lonse, mafupa. Ambiri, zimakhala anthu onse kudyetsedwa ndi mitsempha ya kufalitsa zokhudza zonse, ndipo iri kokha malo ka oxygenation magazi.

amayendera m'mapapo

M'mapapo mwanga (zing'onozing'ono) makope, amene chiwembu ali pansipa, akuyamba ku ventricle bwino. Zimakhala magazi kuchokera atrium kupyoza orifice atrioventricular. Kuchokera ventricle bwino anoxic (venous) magazi kudzera kubwereketsa (m'mapapo mwanga) thirakiti akulowa thunthu m'mapapo mwanga. mtsempha wamagazi Izi n'kakang'ono msempha. Iwo agawidwa nthambi ziwiri, wotumidwa kwa mapapo onse.

Kuwala - ndi lolamulila kuti ndipamene yaing'ono bwalo la magazi. munthu chiwembu anafotokoza mu mabuku pa thunthu, anafotokoza kuti m'mapapo mwanga magazi M'pofunika oxygenation magazi. Apa akupereka zimatenga wa carbon dioxide ndi oxygen. The capillaries sinusoidal ya m'mapapo ndi thupi atypical pafupifupi 30 microns m'mimba mwake ndipo ndi mpweya kuwombola.

Kenako, magazi, mpweya, imatumizidwa dongosolo mitsempha intrapulmonary ndi pamodzi mitsempha anayi m'mapapo mwanga. Onse a iwo amagwira kwa atrium kumanzere ndi kuchita magazi mpweya kulemera. Tsiku iri lotsiriza, ndipo makope. Chiwembu m'mapapo mwanga maonekedwe yaing'ono bwalo (motsogozedwa magazi): a ventricle lamanja, mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga, mtsempha wamagazi intrapulmonary, arterioles m'mapapo mwanga, sinusoid m'mapapo mwanga, venules, mtsempha m'mapapo mwanga, kumanzere atrium.

Features a m'thupi

Mbali yaikulu ya m'thupi kuti tichipeza zimbale ziwiri, ndi kufunika kwa mtima ndi makamera awiri kapena kuposa. Kufalitsa nsomba ndekha, chifukwa iwo alibe kuwala, ndi lonse mpweya kuwombola amapezeka mu zotengera za makutu a. Chifukwa, nsomba mtima chipinda umodzi - mpope amakankhira magazi mu njira imodzi yokha.

Achule ndi zokwawa ndi dongosolo kupuma ndipo, chotero, zokhudza zonse kufalitsidwa. Chiwembu cha ntchito zawo ndi losavuta: kwa mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi anawalozera kwa bwalo lalikulu la mitsempha - mu capillaries ndi mitsempha. Venous kubwerera ku mtima komanso akuyendera, koma matenda magazi akulowa okwana kwa m'matumba awiri makope ventricle. Chifukwa mtima wa nyama zimenezi, atatu chipinda, magazi a magulu awiri (venous ndi wolumikizira) ndi losanganikirana.

Anthu (ndi nyama) ndi mtima wa kapangidwe 4-chipinda. Awiri matenda ndi awiri yamitsempha yamagazi n'kuligawa partitions. Kupanda kusakaniza mitundu iwiri ya magazi (wolumikizira ndi venous) anali chimphona zamoyo zinachita Kutulukira, omwe amaperekedwa magazi ofunda nyama.

Yobweretsa magazi kwa mtima ndi mapapo

Mu m'thupi, chomwe ndi mabwalo awiri, lofunika kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya mtima ndi mapapo. Izi ndi ziwalo zina zofunika kwambiri kuti kupereka kudzipatula m'magazi ndi kukhulupirika kwa machitidwe kupuma ndi magazi. Choncho, mu mapapo ake awiri thicker kufalitsidwa. Koma nsalu akudyetsedwa chifukwa osiyanasiyana lalikulu ziwiya, kuchokera msempha ndi mitsempha nthambi ku hilar ziwiya bronchial ndi m'mapapo mwanga onyamula magazi kwa m'mapapo parenchyma. Ndipo kuchokera m'madipatimenti lamanja sangathe kudya thupi, ngakhale ena mpweya wa diffuses kumeneko. Choncho, mabwalo yaikuluikulu makope dera limene tafotokozazi, ntchito zosiyanasiyana (wina kopindulitsa magazi ndi mpweya, ndipo akutumiza kuti matupi wachiwiri, kutenga magazi deoxygenated kwa iwo).

Mtima ndi mtima mothandizidwa ndi bwalo lalikulu, koma imapezeka cavities ake amatha kupereka magazi mpweya endocardium. Mu gawo ili la mitsempha m'mnyewa wamtima, makamaka laling'ono, zimapita mwachindunji mu zipinda mtima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zimachitika yoweyula mu mitsempha inatsekeratu anagawira mu diastole mtima. Chifukwa limba aziwapatsa magazi kokha pamene "kupumula".

ndi chidwi

Anzanu anthu makope dera amene ankaimira zigawo ziwalo pamwamba, kupereka ndi nyama, ndi mkulu kupirira. Munthu si nyama, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kuti tipulumuke, koma ena nyama amaloledwa kutenga malo ena. Poyamba, iwo anali sakudziwika achule ndi zokwawa, ndi nsomba zambiri.

Mu phylogeny wa bwalo lalikulu zinaoneka kale ndipo anali ndi khalidwe la nsomba. A yaing'ono bwalo wodzilemekeza ndi nyama okhawo amene mwathunthu kapena kwathunthu landfall ndiponso kuthetsedwa. Kuchokera pa chiyambi ake, dongosolo kupuma ndi magazi amaonedwa pamodzi. N'zokhudza zimagwirira ntchito ndipo amapanga.

Izi ndi zofunika ndi kale wambawamba zamoyo zinachita kumasulidwa limagwirira wa malo m'madzi a dziko ndi kuthetsa. Chifukwa zovuta kupitiriza kwa thupi zolengedwa zoyamwitsa tsopano kupitirira njira ya Vuto a dongosolo kupuma ndi magazi ndiponso malangizo a phindu la oxygen- zoyendera ntchito ya magazi ndi kuwonjezeka mu malo m'mapapo.