Woyera Odala Basil. St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Imodzi mwa kuona chidwi kwambiri ndi wokongola likulu Russian ndi St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), imatchedwanso Mpingo wa Kupemphera kwa Lady athu, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVI mkulu wa Tsar Ivan IV kwambiri. Pafupifupi munthu aliyense m'dziko amadziwa kuti ili pa Red Square, koma aliyense amadziwa nkhani ya zomangamanga ake ndi nthano kugwirizana nazo. Koma sadzakhala zokwanira tikudziwa za tchalitchi. Saint, pambuyo amene yopemphereramo inamangidwa, ndipo anadzatchedwa kachisi yokha, dzina lake Vasiliy Blazhenny. Nkhani ya moyo wake, zochita ndipo kulibe imfa zochepa zosangalatsa kuposa nkhani ya yomanga tchalitchi.

Baibulo la Mlengi wa

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zambiri za mapositi kadi alendo) inamangidwa nthawi kuchokera 1555 pa 1561 wokumbukira kuti adani a mzinda yotchedwa Kazan ndi Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. Pali Mabaibulo ambiri amene mlengi woona wa chipilala uyu wa zomangamanga. Tikambirana okha zosankha zitatu. The woyamba - liwiro wamanga Yakovlev, amene tinapirira dzina la Barma. Zikanadziwika pa nthawi ya ambuye Pskov. Yachiwiri - Barma ndi Mofulumira. Izi awiri amisiri amene anali nawo ntchito yomanga kachisi. Ndipo wachitatu - pa tchalitchi anamangidwira ena osadziwika Western ojambula zithunzi European, mwina ku Italy.

Mokomera Baibulo atsopano n'chakuti ambiri a nyumba za boma la Russia anamanga ndi ochokera m'dziko lino. Wapadera kalembedwe, amene anakhazikitsa St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (chithunzi zikusonyeza chake chachikulu), mogwirizana Chili miyambo ya zomangamanga Russian ndi European. Koma m'pofunika kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti Baibulo uyu ali mwamtheradi umboni zopelekedwa.

Palinso nthano monga zomwe mapulani onse amene anagwira ntchito za m'kachisi, mosatsata dongosolo la Ivan kowopsa - n'cholinga chakuti iwo konse anamanga zinthu zofanana. Koma pali vuto limodzi. Ngati woyambitsa kachisi likadali Postnik Yakovlev, icho sichikanakhoza khungu. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake kugwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha boma la Russia mu Kazan.

Kapangidwe ka kachisi

The tchalitchi ali okwana domes khumi; naini a iwo ili dongosolo chachikulu, ndipo limodzi - pa belo nsanja. Amakhala akachisi atatu. yachifumu opatulika okha polemekeza maholide, imene nkhondo zoopsa wa Kazan zinachitika. Mipingo yonse eyiti mozungulira mkulu-chinayi kuti ali ndi dongosolo chipilala ngati. Inamangidwa mu ulemu wa Chitetezo cha Amayi a Mulungu komanso limatha ndi pang'ono hema mzikiti. Onse a domes ndi Vasiliya Blazhennogo amayang'ana pa Koyamba kale. Ali ndi anyezi mawonekedwe, koma amasiyana zinalengedwera. akachisi onse naini kuyima pa maziko wamba ndipo cholukanalukana vaulted kusintha mkati ndi gallery, zomwe mu mawonekedwe wapachiyambi linali lotsegula.

Mu 1558, chachikulu cha chitetezo cha Amayi a Mulungu anamanga nyumba yopemphereramo, amene anali opatulidwira polemekeza Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Iwo anamangidwira pa malo pamene kale panali zotsalira za woyera mtima. Monga dzina lake anapereka dzina chachiwiri a tchalitchi. Pambuyo pa zaka 20 ndipo kachisiyo ali belu hipped nsanja.

Choyamba pansi - chapansi

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo (chithunzi, ndithudi, izo sangosonyeza) alibe chapansi. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu za mpingo wake ndi pa maziko omwewo, amatchedwa chapansi. Ndi kapangidwe ndi mwachilungamo wandiweyani (mpaka 3 m) makoma, ogaŵikana zipinda zingapo, zimene kutalika ndi oposa 6 m.

North ali chapansi, inu mukhoza kunena, dongosolo lapadera kwa atumwi XVI. m'chipinda chotetezeka ake lakonzedwa ngati bokosi lopanda akuthandiza mizati, ngakhale kuti iye anali Mbali yaikulu. Mwa makoma a chipinda ichi, pali mipata yopapatiza, amatchedwa mabowo mpweya. Chifukwa cha iwo, ndi microclimate wapadera analenga pano, zimene zatsalira zikutsatiridwa chaka chonse.

Kamodzi zipinda zonse chapansi anali sakudziwika kwa atsogoleri a chipembedzowo lapansi. Izi zamkati kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a niches ntchito ngati yosungirako. Pamaso anatseka zitseko. Koma tsopano kumadalira anawasiya. Mpaka 1595 mu chapansi pa chuma achifumu ndi kusunga chuma chamtengo wapatali nzika olemera.

Kulowa mu chipinda mseri pamaso Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral mu Moscow, kunali koyenera pochitika pa woyera masitepe mwala khoma, zomwe zinali zodziwika kokha kwa Anayambitsa. Kenako zimenezi ngati zosafunika anaika ndipo aiwala za izo, koma 30 ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza anali mwangozi anapeza.

Chapel wa, bungwe polemekeza Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Ndi kiyubiki mawonekedwe a mpingo. Iye oletsedwa Groin m'chipinda chotetezeka ndi yaing'ono kuwala ng'oma, aposa ndi chimphika a. ❖ kuyanika wokha kachisi uyu wopangidwa kalembedwe chomwecho monga mpingo chapamwamba a tchalitchi. Pali lolembedwa stylized pa khoma. Iye anati kuti mpingo Vasiliya Blazhennogo Chinawonjezeka mu 1588, monga pamwamba pa manda wa woyera yomweyo pambuyo canonization wake ndi dongosolo la Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

Mu 1929 tchalitchi chinatsekedwa kulambira. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lomaliza linali lokongola la potsiriza limzake. Memory Vasiliya Blazhennogo akulemekezedwa 15 August. tsiku ili mu 1997 Kodi mfundo kuyambira kwa resumption a yachipembedzo pa mpingo wake. Lero, mouzungulira mtengo woyera m'manda a khansa ndi zotsalira wake, chokongoletsedwa ndi kusema zabwino. Izi Moscow kachisi ndi ankaopedwa kwambiri pakati pa mamembala komanso alendo a kachisi.

Ulemerero wa mpingo

Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti n'zosatheka m'nkhani kubereka mu mawu kukongola zonse wotchuka St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. mafotokozedwe awo angatenge sabata zingapo, ndiponso mwina miyezi. Kuyang'ana pa mfundo za ulemerero wa mpingo, wopatulidwa ulemu wa woyera imeneyi.

Lake kupenta mafuta wakhala madeti mu nthawi ya chikumbutso 350th ntchito yomanga tchalitchi. Pa kum'mwera ndi kumpoto makoma akuonetsedwa Vasiliy Blazhenny. Zithunzi ndi moyo wa nkhani yake akuimira chozizwitsa cha malaya ndi kupulumutsidwa pa nyanja. Pansipa iwo, pa gawo m'munsi, ndi wakale Russian chokongoletsera matawulo lapansi. Komanso, pa mbali ya mpingo atapachikidwa bolshemernaya chizindikiro zojambula womwe wapangidwa padziko zitsulo. chaluso ili linalembedwa mu 1904.

Mpanda kumadzulo kwa kachisi chokongoletsedwa ndi njira ya Virgin Woyera. The gawo chapamwamba zikuphatikizapo zithunzi wopatulika kuti patronize lachifumu. Izi wofera Irina, Ioann Predtecha, Saint Anastasia ndi Fedor Stratilat.

Kupalasa m'chipinda chotetezeka wotanganidwa zosonyeza Alaliki, crosshairs - Mpulumutsi Woyera, Yohane M'batizi ndi Virgin, ng'oma ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za makolo akale, ndi mzikiti - Khristu Pantocrator.

Koma iconostasis, izo zinachitikadi monga polojekiti ya wotchuka wamanga AM Pavlinova mu 1895, ndi kutsogolera kulemba wotchuka Moscow chizindikiro wakukubwezera ndi zojambulajambula Osip Chirikov. autograph wake weniweni zisungidwe pa wina ndi mafano. Komanso, iconostasis adakali ndi fano mpesa. The choyamba - chizindikiro cha "Dona Wathu Smolensk", kunena za m'ma XVI, ndipo chachiwiri - chifanizo cha St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, kumene otchulidwa maziko a Red Square ndi boma la Russia. masiku otsiriza m'zaka za m'ma XVIII.

belfry

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma XVII kale anamanga belfry unalinso zoopsa. Choncho anaganiza zosintha belu nsanja 80s za m'ma chomwecho. Mwa njira, izo akuyimabe lero. Maziko belu nsanja wamtali ndi chachikulu muyeso. Iwo anamangidwira pamwamba pa more kaso yowawitsa octagon, wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a pamalo oonekera, umene wazunguliridwa ndi zipilala eyiti, ndipo, iwonso, olumikiza pamwamba pa utali Chipilala.

Belu nsanja ndi surmounted mwa hema octagonal ndithu mkulu m'mbali chokongoletsedwa ndi matailosi akuda ndi buluu, yoyera, zofiirira ndi chikasu glaze. nkhope yake yokutidwa lopotana matailosi wobiriwira ndi mawindo ang'onoang'ono, omwe kungawathandize liwu lawo pamene belu polipitsa. Pamwamba kwambiri ya chihema ndi yaing'ono anyezi mzikiti ndi mtanda gilded. Mkati malo, komanso pa khomo arched anapachika mabelu, amene adaponyedwa kumbuyo mu XVII-XIX zaka wotchuka Russian ojambula zithunzi.

owonetsera zakale

Cathedral St. Basil wakhala anazindikira mwa akuluakulu a Soviet chipilala mbiri ya zomangamanga mu 1918, osati mitundu komanso zofunika lonse ndipo anatengedwa kukuteteza boma. Zinali ndiye kuti anayamba kuganizira kowonera zakale. Mtsogoleri wake woyamba anali John Kuznetsov (FR). Izo ziyenera anati kuti kachisi anali pambuyo zisinthe, popanda kukokomeza, mu vuto: anali anagogoda pafupifupi onse mazenera, denga mu malo ambiri zonse mabowo, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ndi ufulu mkati malo anali kusuntha kwa chisanu.

Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu pamaziko a tchalitchi anaganiza kuti akonze m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe zovuta. Mutu wake woyamba anali E. I. Silin - kafukufuku wa Moscow zakale Museum. Kale pa May 21, anafika ku kachisi alendo woyamba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito wayamba ndalama zogulira malembedwe aantchito.

M'nyumbayi amatchedwa "Pokrovsky Cathedral" mu 1928 inasanduka nthambi ya Historical Museum. Patapita chaka chimodzi, kachisi mwalamulo anatseka kulambira ndipo iwo anatenga mabelu onse. Mu 30s wa mphekesera atumwi wotsiriza kuti akufuna kuwononga. Koma anali nawobe mwayi zokwanira kupewa tsoka zimenezi. Ngakhale kuti pali pafupifupi zaka imachitika ntchito yobwezeretsa, kachisi ndi wokonzeka kuti Muscovites. Pakuti nthawi zonse m'nyumbayi chinatsekedwa kamodzi kokha, pamene panali Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Nkhondo itatha, iye yomweyo anamutenga miyezo kubwezeretsa tchalitchi, kotero pa tsiku la chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 800th wa Museum mwa likulu udachita kachiwiri. Ankalandira ndi kutchuka lonse mu nthawi ya Soviet Union. Tikumbukenso kuti nyumbayi ali bwino kudziwika osati mu USSR komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri. Kuyambira mu 1991, mpingo mu ntchito monga Mpingo Orthodox, ndipo State zakale Museum. Pambuyo yopuma yaitali pano potsiriza anayambanso kupembedza.

St. ubwana

Tsogolo Moscow chozizwitsa ntchito Saint Basil anabadwa kumapeto a 1468. Malinga ndi nthano, izo zinachitika bwino pa khonde Elokhovskiy kachisi anamangidwa mu ulemu wa Vladimir Icon wa Wodalitsika Namwali Mariya. Makolo ake anali anthu wamba. Pamene iye anakulira, iye anatumizidwa kuphunzira shoemaking. M'kupita kwa nthawi, wakeyo anayamba kuona kuti Basil si lofanana ndi ana ena onse.

Chitsanzo cha mbali yake yapadera atha kutumikira ngati mlandu: kamodzi wamalonda anabweretsa phoso Moscow ndi kuona shopu, anapita kuyitanitsa awiri nsapato. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anapempha kuti nsapato iye sakanakhoza kupirira, ndi chaka. Atamva mawu amenewa, Wodala Basil analira ndipo analonjeza kuti wamalonda alibe nthawi amavala ngakhale pansi pa zidendene jombo izi. Pamene sindinamvetsetse mbuyeyo anafunsa mnyamata chifukwa iye akuganiza mwanayo anauza mphunzitsi wakeyo kuti makasitomala sadzatha kuti avale nsapato atangomaliza afa. Ulosi uwu unakwaniritsidwa mu masiku ochepa.

Kuzindikira kupatulika kwa

Pamene Vasily zaka 16, anasamukira ku Moscow. N'kumene anayamba mayendedwe ake yaminga monga wopanda nzeru. Malinga okha, Wodala Basil anayenda m'miseu nsapato ndi likulu maliseche chaka chonse, kaya panali owawa kuzizira kapena yotentha amaotcha kutentha.

Mayiko musangoganizira ake maonekedwe komanso zochita. Mwachitsanzo, kudutsa pamaso makola msika, izo zikanakhoza anakhetsa chotengera wodzazidwa ndi kvas, kapena kugogoda pa kauntala ndi kalatches. Pa Vasiliy Blazhenny zinali zambiri amalonda pang'ono odandaula. Monga zachilendo ngati izo zikumveka, iye nthaŵi zonse okondwa kutenga kumenyedwa ndiponso anayamika Mulungu chifukwa cha iwo. Koma patapita, anakhetsa kvass anali osayenera ndi kudwala-mikate. Pa nthawi, amazindikira osati denouncer achabe, koma munthu wa Mulungu ndi chitsiru woyera.

Pano pali nkhani ina ya moyo woyera ndi. Kamodzi wamalonda waganiza m'pingo mwala mu Moscow, pa Pokrovka. Koma mwanjira iyo inagunda ndi arches atatu. Iye anabwera St. Basil kupempha malangizo pa nkhani imeneyi. Koma iye anamutumiza Kiev, ku watsoka John. Titafika ku mzinda wamalonda anapeza munthu woyenera mu kanyumba anzake osauka. John anakhala ndi wagwedeza mchikuta, amene anali kanthu. Wamalonda adamfunsa Iye amene adakali ikugwedezeka. osauka anayankha kuti lulls mayi ake kubadwa kwake ndi kukulitsa. Atatero m'pamene wamalonda maganizo a amayi ake omwe kamodzi anakankhidwira kunja kwa nyumba. Nthawi yomweyo zinadziwika chifukwa sangathe kumanga mpingo. Tikaonanso Moscow, wamalonda anapeza mayi ake, mbaphemba kulekererwa mkaziyo kunyumba. Pambuyo pake, mosavuta iye anakwanitsa kumanga mpingo.

Machitidwe wochita zozizwitsa

Wodala Basil nthawi zonse analalikira ena chifundo ndi kuthandiza anthu amene anali manyazi kupempha, pamene akufunika thandizo kuposa ena. Pa nthawiyi, pali kufotokoza nkhani ina imene iye wapereka zinthu zonse zinapatsidwa kwa iye ndi amalonda a mfumu odzacheza, mlendo ndi mwayi chifukwa anataya. Malonda kwa masiku angapo osadya kanthu, koma sindinadziwe kuti atithandize, chifukwa anali atavala zovala zapamwamba.

Vasiliy Blazhenny nthawi mosamalitsa anadzudzula anthu amene adapatsa anthu zachifundo zochokera zolinga zadyera osati chifukwa cha chifundo umphawi ndi mavuto. Chifukwa cha anansi, iye anapita ku nyumba ya alendo, komwe kutonthozedwa ndi ankayesetsa kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri anatsika, powona iwo monga kambewu mtima. Izi whacky kotero anayeretsa moyo wake ndi mapemphero ndi zazikulu kuti anatsegula mphatso ya moyang'ana m'tsogolo. Mu 1547 Odala amatha kulosera moto waukulu zimene zinachitika mu Moscow, ndi pemphero lake, iye adafuthula malawi ku Novgorod. Monga m'nthawi yake ankanena kuti kamodzi kunyozedwa yekha Basil Tsar Ivan IV m'khutu, monga pa Kulambira ankaganiza za kumanga Vorobyovy oonetsa anthu akuphana nyumba yake.

Iye anafa woyera August 2, 1557. Ndiye Moscow Metropolitan Macarius ndi atsogoleri wake maliro Basil. Iye anaikidwa mu Utatu Mpingo, umene 1555 anayamba kumanga Kupemphera Church okumbukira anagonjetsa Kazan Khanate. Patatha zaka 31, August 2, woyera anali canonized Council, lotsogoledwa ndi Job wa mabishopu.

M'nthawi anafotokoza za yemweyo, ndipo nthawizonse otchulidwa limatchula atatu: anali woonda kwambiri, atavala osachepera zovala, ndi m'dzanja nthawizonse wakhala ndodo. Choncho zikuoneka kuti ife Vasiliy Blazhenny. zithunzi Photo ndi zithunzi ndi fano lake ndi m'nkhani ino.

Kulambira ntchito oyera chozizwitsa cha anthu chinali chachikulu chotero kuti Cathedral St. Basil anayamba kulemekeza dzina lake. Mwa njira, maunyolo ali padziko kusunga Theological Academy wa Moscow. Aliyense amene akufuna kusangalala ndi chipilala okongola a zomangamanga zakale akhoza kuwapeza pa adiresi zotsatirazi: Moscow, Red Square, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo.