Woonda-mipanda zotayidwa chubu: makhalidwe, ulimi

Pa kukonza kapena kumanga khalidwe komaliza ntchito zimadalira kusankha zipangizo. The zotayidwa woonda-mipanda chubu ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu. Bwino ntchito mankhwala, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mbali ya mtundu uliwonse. M'pofunikanso kumvetsa mmene unsembe wa machubu woonda-mipanda aluminiyamu. Kugwilizana ndi unsembe ndi ntchito mankhwala zosavuta kulenga cholimba ndi wangwiro dongosolo, otetezeka kunyumba.

Kodi woonda-mipanda zotayidwa chubu?

Chitoliro yopanga zitsulo zotayidwa lakonzedwa zofunika kukonza nyumba zogona moyo ntchito. Species mankhwala amenewa alipo wochuluka. Mtundu uliwonse waika ake makamaka a makhalidwe ndi ali ukulu.

The zotayidwa woonda-mipanda chubu ali ndi makulidwe zinthu mpaka 5 mm palimodzi. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe monga kudalirika kwa kuchepa kukaniza kutentha ndi dzimbiri nonsusceptibility. Ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri, machubu amenewa akhoza kukhalabe okhulupirika ake.

mipope zotayidwa zonse GOST 18475-82, 18482-79, 23697-79. Amasulidwe yamachubu kumachitika kasakaniza wazitsulo malinga GOST 4784-97, 1131-76.

The wabwino wa zotayidwa ndi bwino matenthedwe madutsidwe, amene amaganizira ntchito mankhwala ake. Mbali chubu chochokera denga kuti zovekera chitoliro. Chifukwa softness wa mankhwala zitsulo ndi zosavuta kusamalira.

dera ntchito

Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo, ndi machubu zotayidwa ndi osiyanasiyana ofunsira. Zomveka ntchito mfundoyi kachitidwe ulimi wothirira. Izi ndithu kulola makhalidwe ake. machubu zotayidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza sewers, ndi osakaniza titaniyamu - madzi.

Zotayidwa machubu ndi makoma woonda ankagwiritsa ntchito mu kachitidwe mpweya wabwino. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kulumikiza mauthenga mankhwala mpweya. Mapaipi zopangidwa zotayidwa zimapezeka mankhwala ndi mafuta makampani. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mtundu uwu ndi yosafuna ndi kothandiza pa ulimi mwaunyinji, ndi kwa ogula payekha chifukwa kudalirika mkulu ndi khalidwe la mauthenga a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

maganizo Cross-yachigawo ya mipope

Kupanga machubu zotayidwa amapereka zosiyanasiyana m'madera a mowa mitundu zofunika katundu. Malinga kufunika gawo mtanda wa chitoliro kusiyana zopempha.

gawo cylindrical ndi mbiri dzenje. Woonda-mipanda machubu wozungulira kubala zotayidwa kwambiri.

Amakona anayi mtanda yachigawo mawonekedwe ali ndi mawonekedwe kake. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu muyezo wa mankhwala.

Square gawo - ichi mbiri dzenje, amene adzamenyane ndi wofanana ndi mzake ndipo ali kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino ufulu wina ndi mnzake. Ndi mmene la mankhwala.

Profiled chubu ali ndi gawo mtanda wa mawonekedwe iliyonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuyitanitsa.

Pakuti madzi sewerage, ngalande, mpweya, ntchito zambiri ntchito machubu chonse. Ngati kumene mpweya akonzekeretse nyumba, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu lalikulu ndi amakona anayi katundu.

Pakuti wapadera zipangizo kupanga kapena machitidwe zipangizo kubala mphako machubu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa.

Mitundu mipope processing luso

mipope zotayidwa kumafuna njira zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala mankhwala. Pali mipope:

• popanda mankhwala kutentha (otentha aakulu);
• ozizira ntchito (anaumitsa pa kutentha poyerekeza recrystallization a) amalembedwa H;
• polunagartovannye - H2 chodetsa;
• annealed (wouma) - chodetsa M;
• osati kwathunthu anaumitsa - mtundu T5;
• chongopeka okalamba - chodetsa T1;
• zaka mwachibadwa - Mark T.

Chitoliro Yopanga Kadyedwe Kake

Ulimi wa chitoliro zotayidwa kumachitika mwa njira zitatu zosiyana.

Chimake choyamba ndi mapindikidwe wa gudumu zotayidwa. Njira imeneyi amakhala ndi nyumba, calibration, mwamsangamsanga otsika kutentha.

Yachiwiri njira lili mu nkhani yaying'ono.

Kagwiridwe lachitatu - ndi kuwotcherera wa pepala zotayidwa kapena Mzere. Pankhaniyi, ntchito tchuthi otentha kuthetsa nkhawa mkati pa welds ndi.

Mbiri mtundu mwachibadwa okalamba ndi mavuto odziwa ndi khoma makulidwe a 10 mm amaloledwa wosapangidwa kutentha mankhwala. Pa kupanga mapaipi a sanali muyezo kuzungulira, chowulungika zigawo mtanda miyezo kubala wapakatikati akunja awiri ndi makulidwe. Pakuti aliyense chinthucho ndi zinthu poyendetsedwa mipope, zotayidwa ndi pansi pa mtundu makamaka mankhwala.

View wa kali mkati ndi kunja

Pali vuto, pamaso pa imene chotsirizidwa ndi zosayenela. Iwo sangakhoze ntchito pokhazikitsa malo aya monga iwo angathe kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chitoliro zotayidwa.

Pakati zopindika zosavomerezeka monga:

• mitolo;
• ming'alu;
• chipolopolo;
• sanali zachitsulo zowonjezera;
• kuda nitrate, dzimbiri;
• looseness;
• kumira zizindikiro;
• kuda amatopa kuti anaumitsa mipope.

Yovomerezeka chitoliro cha kukhalapo zotayidwa sizichepetsa mphamvu ya chododometsa:

• limafotokoza masanjidwewo ndi annular corrugations, malinga ndi mu kupatuka kololeka awiri;
• wina fistula (tubular Mzere kuti china chotulutsa chifukwa kukha mpweya pa kuwotcherera) pa 100 mamita wa chitoliro ndi;
• zipsera za coiling chitoliro osachepera 3 mamita yaitali. Iwo akhoza kupezeka pa malekezero onse a mankhwala.

Conduits kasakaniza wazitsulo

Pali njira zambiri kupanga mipope zopangidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa ndi zitsulo zosiyana siyana. Amatsanzira mfundo za khalidwe.

The aloyi otchuka akuti ndi mbali ya machubu duralumin. Izi ndi zinthu cholimba kwambiri. aloyi ndi lopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa, mkuwa, manganese ndi magnesium. Palinso zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi titaniyamu. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito chirichonse, ngakhale mipope madzi.

Mipope za mkuwa-zotayidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Si ndi aloyi a zinthuzi awiri, ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu zachitsulo nsinga mkuwa mkati ndi zigawo kunja kwa zotayidwa. Chotero malonda ntchito Kutentha ndi mpweya kachitidwe. Awiri wosanjikiza pawiri zinthu facilitates kapangidwe ndi amapereka mphamvu kwa zotsatira za kuthamanga mu mtendere dongosolo. The amadziwika kwa machubu mkuwa zotayidwa mutuluka nonsusceptibility dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha khalidwe wapadera pamaso pa mkuwa zotayidwa izo ntchito zovekera ngati wapadera chitoliro.

dural chubu

More otchuka mkuwa zotayidwa chitoliro woonda khoma ankaona duralumin chubu. Iwo kugonjetsedwa ndi mapindikidwe, dzimbiri, mosatekeseka, kusinthasintha ndi omasuka unsembe. Izi zotayidwa woonda khoma chitoliro ndipo amatchedwa D16T ndi awiri lamkati la 7 mm ndi khoma makulidwe a 0,5 mm. Kalata "T" mu kulemba limasonyeza kuti chuma pansi othetsa ndi ukalamba achilengedwe. Ndi kukula osachepera mitundu chopangidwa wa mankhwala - ndi woonda-mipanda zotayidwa chubu D16T 7˟0,5 mm.

Kuipa alipo mu mankhwala - ndi kukana zoipa kudzitsitsa electrochemical, kulephera mwachindunji agwirizane chubu dural ndi chitsulo chosungunula, zitsulo. mtengo awo si mkulu. Komabe, zabwino zazikulu makhalidwe ndi kuposa kuphimba zofooka zonse.

Zipangizo kupinda a mipope

Pa unsembe wa mapaipi ali kukhotetsa, kupereka dongosolo ankafunila mawonekedwe. Kuti deform m'mimba mwake lamkati la nkhaniyi, muyenera kupanga ntchito mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera, wotchedwa benders. Iwo ali a mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. Crossbow benders. Ntchito popanga awiri ena.
2. Spring zipangizo. Chitoliro woonda-mipanda zotayidwa wozungulira zambiri ndichotse popanda mapindikidwe kuti chipangizo.
3. Gawo mtundu. Bere chubu padziko yokha, kupereka izo unakhota chofunika.
4. Lamdima lija benders. Iwo amachita ntchito bwino, pamene m'pofunika flatten chubu ndi utali wozungulira ochepa kunyumba.

Ndi mitundu galimoto zida lagawidwa mitundu 3:

• dzanja, ntchito kusintha mawonekedwe a mipope yaing'ono m'mimba mwake;
• Hayidiroliki thandizo unakhota mankhwala kwa mainchesi 3-gawo mtanda;
• electromechanical chilolezo flattening mwandondomeko mkulu.

Njira kupinda zotayidwa yamachubu

Mwachidule zokolola flattening a mipope zotayidwa woonda-mipanda kunyumba mothandizidwa ndi njira zingapo.

Njira yoyamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina wapadera. Iye anapatsidwa ankafunila unakhota njingayo. Kenaka anaikapo mu nsinga chubu, ndi chokhethemulira ndi yafupika kwa utali wozungulira ankafuna.

Yachiwiri njira zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito Volnova makina. chitoliro ndi anaikapo pakati odzigudubuza lapansi. kumalekezero amamangiriridwa kolala ndi. Chogwirira ndi cranked bulaketi. The wodzigudubuza kudzalimbikitsa akafika mlingo zinafunika wa kupinda.

Njira ya chitatu imene amagwiritsa masika. Iwo anasankha malinga ndi awiri chitoliro. A waya kasupe ndi wotetezedwa. Mkati chubu amavalidwa, ndi ndondomeko kupinda imagwiridwa. Bwino kuchita izo pa kanema. Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala waya atachotsedwa zida. Spring zingathandize kuletsa mapindikidwe a m'mimba mwake mankhwala.

Kodi kukhotetsa chitoliro popanda zida wapadera?

Mu nkhokwe ya zida kunyumba Sizotheka kupeza zipangizo zina zapadera kwa kupinda mipope. Ngati mukufuna opareshoni iyi, tili ndi kumagwiritsa ntchito njira improvised. Zotayidwa chubu, amene kumathandiza mapindikidwe GOST mawonekedwe a chigawo mankhwala, Pakufunika zochita wapadera kupanga.

Pakuti zowongolera zotayidwa mpweya burner chofunika. Chubu ayenera linatseka vise, ndipo poti kupinda ndi mkangano. Zimenezi zingabweretse pamene kutentha kwa chuma ndi msinkhu kumene Yendetsani chala thereto pepala ndi utsi. Pankhani ya zimenezi ndi lalikulu chubu, muyenera amachita ntchito ndi kutenga nyundo yamtengo mphira ndi mitengo iwiri. Pamaso ndondomeko mkati mwa chubu ladzala ndi mchenga. zibonga ake kuononga nkhuni. kanthu ndi pang'onopang'ono, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.

Zikutanthauza pa dzanja akhoza anawerama ngakhale profiled machubu zotayidwa. Mu malo unakhota ayenera anapereka zolimba masika, womangidwa ndi waya. Mkati komanso anatsanulira mchenga kapena madzi (ngati yozizira, ndi ntchito ikuchitika mu ozizira).

Iyi ndi njira m'malo osavuta koma ogwira mtima.

Kuwotcherera wa machubu woonda-mipanda

Njira yabwino kulumikiza zitsulo nyumba - ndi kuwotcherera. Izo ziyenera kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi GOST 10704-91 ntchito mpweya kapena Arc magetsi. Woonda-mipanda zotayidwa chubu chikugwirizana mu njira iyi yokha mwa akatswiri odziwa. Ngati awiri a mankhwala oposa 40 mm, kuwotcherera zichitike magawo. Wosanjikiza poyamba uyenera analowa, ndipo chachiwiri - mosalekeza.

Poyamba soldered kudzera ina, kenako kulumikiza danga chosowacho. Zotsatirazi gawo loyamba la mankhwala ndi anayendera wopunduka. Pamene iwo kudziwa zolakwa kuletsedwa yomweyo.

Kuwotcherera pa zigawo wotsatira wosakwiya. Pankhaniyi chubu ayenera zimayenda.

Mapeto akhale ngakhale see msoko, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira mu zitsulo. A mphambano Pankhaniyi likukhalira kwambiri kuposa chuma yokha. Choncho, kudalirika ndi durability polumikizana ndi kuwotcherera kungakupatseni.

Kumvetsa mfundo za ulimi, ndi makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a kulankhulana kotereku monga woonda-mipanda zotayidwa chubu, n'zotheka bwino ntchito mankhwala danga yaing'ono monga kukonza ndi maofesi mafakitale. Kumvetsa malamulo unsembe ndi anathetsera mankhwala agonjera ndi chovomerezeka kusonkhana kapangidwe kunyumba ngakhale popanda thandizo la zipangizo zina zapadera.