Kugwiritsa ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo m'chitsime. Njira kuyeretsa madzi akumwa kuchokera chitsulo

Anthu loyang'anizana angapo mavuto aakulu. Mmodzi wa iwo - kupeza ogwira njira ya madzi mayeretsedwe, kubwera ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Ndi otsiriza ayenera kumvetsa boreholes zitsime ndi zina zotero. N. Masiku ano, pali njira zambiri momwe kuchotsa zosafunika zoipa kapena kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo yochepa. Tiyeni tiwone, kodi madzi kuyeretsedwa ku chitsulo wa mdzenje ndife bwino yosayenera. Taganizirani njira iliyonse ndipo tiyeni tinene za ubwino wake ndi kuipa.

mwachidule

Nthawi zambiri vutoli anakumana ndi anthu akukhala m'nyumba wakunja kwatawuni, ndi tchuthi. Ichi ndi chifukwa mu muyeso waukulu kusowa madzi khalidwe kumwa ku payipi ya. Ngati pali munda waukulu, akhoza adzakhetsedwa yekha m'chitsime, chifukwa ambiri a ife sitiri madzi tsiku lonse ndi usiku ndi vuto limeneli, ngati tikufuna. Ngati ndinu bizinesi ndi Tingafinye madzi magwero artesian kenako kuigulitsa, muyenera kudziwa kuti kugulitsa mankhwala ndi koletsedwa popanda kuyeretsedwa. Izi ntchito osati kuchotsa zosafunika komanso processing zina, monga kuchepetsa chinthu chimodzimodzi. Kawirikawiri ife tikuchita ndi madzi, lomwe lili ku ml ya 2 10 / l yachitsulo, 0,1 2 mg / L manganese. Tikhoza kunena kuti mankhwala si zofunika kumwa. Ndi chifukwa chake madzi kuyeretsedwa ku chitsulo kwa bwino n'kofunika kwambiri. Tiyeni tione pa funso limeneli.

Zingamuthandize njira kuyeretsedwa

Ziribe kanthu chimene mukupita bwino, madzi ndidzadutsa pa kuwunika. The kuchotserapo okha milandu komwe inu ntchito gwero si zolinga kumwa. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kuthirira munda kapena udzu mosamala. Chabwino, m'pofunika kuthetsa nkhaniyi koma pa siteji kapangidwe. Koma, ikusonyeza kumapeto, kotero% 25. Mulimonsemo m'pofunika pochitika madzi mankhwala ndi bacteriological kusanthula mu SES. Pokhapokha kuti muyenera kusankha zimene chithandizo dongosolo adzakhala anaika. Iwo m'pofunika kulalikira kwa anansi anu ndi kuphunzira za mtundu wa madzi ali. Masiku ano, pali njira zingapo zothandiza kuyeretsa artesian ndi zina zachilengedwe:

• mawotchi;
• ozonation;
• chlorination;
• aeration;
• n'zosiyana osmosis.

Ngati zotsatira za kuwunika kwa SES adzakhala zabwino, ndiye madzi sangakhoze konse kutsukidwa. Koma izi amangonena za magwero kuti sizigwiritsidwa ntchito zolinga kumwa. Zikuphatikizapo zitsime za akasinja moto, ziwembu ulimi wothirira wa dziko, ndi zina zotero. N. Tiyeni tione zimene madzi kuyeretsedwa ku chitsulo ku bwino zomveka kwambiri. Pali kwambiri mfundo zofunika kwambiri.

Kuyeretsa madzi ndi aeration chitsulo

Njira zabwino kuti, kuwonjezera chitsulo, ndi kumachotsa zoipa zoipa monga manganese ndi sulfide wa hydrogen, ndi zina mankhwala ena organic. Mfundo njira imeneyi ndi wosavuta, tichipeza mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni zosafunika oxygen. Njira yabwino imagwira ambiri inclusions zoipa, koma ena underperforms. Chifukwa cha aeration wa madzi mankhwala insoluble amaoneka amene anachotsa kusefera kapena sludge. Pa mkulu mpope mphamvu anawonjezera coagulants kuti imathandizira pawiri particles Choncho iwo akhoza kuchotsedwa mofulumira. Tikhoza kusankha angapo ubwino angatsutse wa aeration wa madzi m'chitsime. Choyamba, ndi mtengo wotsika, koma izi amangonena za machitidwe sanali kuthamanga, zomwe zigwirizana wa thanki, mpope ndi kompresa. Pambuyo aeration madzi kutetezedwa ku tizilombo, kuyambira mpweya ndi oxidant ogwira. Musaphwanye kamodzi kulankhula za polojekiti njira - palibe mankhwala. Komanso, madzi mpweya ndi chokoma.

Machining

njira ya chiyeretso ndi okha kuchotsa zosafunika makina ndi mankhwala mafuta. Machining alipo magwero zonse zachilengedwe, monga sitepe yoyamba. fyuluta iyi imene amachotsa otchuka anthu zosafunika diso ndi inclusions. Monga tanenera kale, madzi pambuyo mankhwala aeration mawonekedwe zimene ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kotero, nawonso "nsomba" Machining. Nthawi zambiri anaika dongosolo awiri gawo. Woyamba siteji fyuluta yakwera chipangizo. The filler angagwiritsidwe ntchito silika mchenga, adamulowetsa makala, asidi sulphonic ndi m. N. Mu gawo lachiwiri kupereka filimu fyuluta amene adziyeretsa apamwamba madzi khalidwe. Tikhoza kunena kuti dongosolo makina monga imakonza kwa n'kakang'ono kuyeretsedwa madzi, monga aeration, chigamulocho osmosis, ndi zina zotero. N. Ubwino wa njira ndi sefa patapita nthawi zina ntchito chabe kusamba kapena ndondomeko chlorination.

Ovomereza n'zosiyana osmosis

Njira imeneyi mankhwala zimathandiza kuchotsa madzi zayamba zosafunika onse, kupatulapo kukula kulolerana ndi madzi molekyulu. Ambiri pano zimachitika mpweya monga sulfide wa hydrogen, komanso fluoro ndi chloro. M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti kuyeretsa madzi chitsulo akakhala bwino chakwaniritsidwa izo ndi osmosis. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo kumaphatikizapo chotsatira malamulo osavuta. Choyamba, kuthamanga kumtunda kwa sefa si zosakwana 3 atmospheres. Apo ayi, osmosis sizigwira ntchito. Ambiri, ndi apamwamba a kuthamanga bwino wonse dongosolo ntchito. Koma uyu ali ndi mavuto yake. Kakhungu ndi yovuta kwambiri inclusions monga sulfide wa hydrogen, fluorine ndi chlorine. Lalikulu madzi zili zinthu izi zimabweretsa mofulumira chiwonongeko osmosis. Popewa izi, anapereka 2-3 hstupenchatye Zosefera mpweya.

Pa ubwino ndi kuipa osmosis n'zosiyana

Usachite wabisa kunena kuti m'njira imeneyi zambiri ubwino. Pakati pawo, ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chiyeretso ndi kuchotsa inclusions monga soda ndi potaziyamu salt. osmosis Only amachotsa zinthu izi. Komabe, dongosolo si popanda zovuta. Waukulu wa iwo - mlingo mkulu wa kuyeretsedwa. "N'chifukwa chiyani zoipa izi?" - Inu kufunsa. Ndipotu, ndi chinthu chomwecho chimene kumwa distsilyat. Ndi chifukwa chake madzi, kuyeretsedwa mwa osmosis n'zosiyana, ali osavomerezeka ntchito monga madzi akumwa. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti Kakhungu ndi yovuta kwa ena inclusions, palokha, zida zodula kwambiri ndi zovuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri kuwonjezera mineralizers. Kuchokera pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire kuti osmosis n'zosiyana m'pofunika kuti ntchito kokha pamene sikutheka ntchito njira zina zochizira.

A pang'ono chlorination

Ife tonse tikudziwa kuti monga waukulu masaka wothandizila mu madzi chapakati ntchito zinthu monga chlorine. Iwo amaonetsetsa chitetezo cha mlili wa AIDS, monga wawononga mavairasi onse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma tikhoza kunena kuti chlorination mwachindunji madzi, makamaka ku zinthu zachilengedwe, ntchito kuchepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa ena kuwonongeka. Popeza chlorine amachitira pamene anakumana ndi madzi, ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu anapanga - mamolekyulu wosakhazikika amene si zotsatira zabwino pa maselo a thupi. Mfundo chlorination angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma ndi bwino kuchita pamodzi ndi ozonation ndi n'zosiyana osmosis. Njira zogwirizana kokha pamene kukonza madzi chitsulo m'chitsime imagwiridwa zolinga mafakitale.

Zonse za ozonation

Mpweya umene - ndi oxidizer amphamvu kwambiri amene anamasuliridwa zosafunika kwambiri zoipa mu inclusions insoluble. Ozonation zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito magudumu wapadera yotulutsa mchitidwe uwu. Njira kwambiri kuchotsa mchere katundu komanso ammonia ndi haidrojeni sulfide. Imayenera kuchotsa madzi kuchokera chitsulo kusungunuka pa 95-99% mungathe ozonation yekha, N'chimodzimodzinso manganese inclusions. The opaleshoni mfundo ya dongosolo ndi chimodzimodzi monga ndi aeration, kokha wamphamvu kwambiri oxidizing wothandizira. Anapanga insoluble mpweya mankhwala ndi kuchotsedwa kapena khwatsi Zosefera. Madzi kuyeretsedwa ku zachilengedwe, zitsime makamaka amatitsimikizira disinfection wathunthu wa madzi. Njira yabwino ndi yakuti Mpweya umene zimafunika mofulumira ndithu mu mpweya ndi pang'ono bwino khalidwe la mankhwala. njira kwayamba zofunika kwambiri, makamaka atagwa mtengo wa magudumu ozoni.

Reagent ndipo sanali mankhwala ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo

Machitidwe reagent amafuna pamaso pa reagent chimene chili chofunika kuti ayambe makhalidwe fyuluta kapena ntchito zimachitika pa dongosolo lonse. N'zosavuta kunena kuti kachitidwe reagentless chiyani popanda china kuposa alipidwa nthawi kuyeretsa. Chotero njira kuchotsa chitsulo ndi bwino kuti palibe consumables. mtundu uwu dongosolo akufunikira fyuluta m'malo kamodzi kokha zaka zingapo. A njira yabwino ayeretsedwa ndi madzi ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Chabwino amachotsa inaimitsidwa ndi kusungunuka chitsulo ndi manganese, ndi sulfide wa hydrogen. Mwatsoka, njira zambiri zosafunika, makamaka milandu kumene okhutira chitsulo kuposa 10 mg / l. Low mfundo za pH madzi komanso kuteteza ntchito njira ya chiyeretso. Pankhaniyi bwino ntchito reactant (oxidizer).

electrochemical kuyeretsa

Njira imeneyi anaonekera osati kale, kotero ambiri ali sanalandirebe. Mfundo chithandizo electrochemical ndi madzi zakhudzana ndi anadutsa magetsi mwachindunji. Chikafika mu kukhudzana ndi madzi, yotsirizira zidzachitika mankhwala anachita chifukwa mu mapangidwe zipangizo insoluble kuti ayenera kuchotsa kuyeretsa makina. Njira zogwirizana okha magwero ntchito mafakitale. Ngati madzi mankhwala ndi Mpweya umene chitsulo ntchito osati kwa maofesi mafakitale njira electrochemical kokha zimenezi ndipo zinalengedwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pamene wotuluka zochita n'kovuta zikuchokera madzi organic. chithandizo Electrochemical amafuna zida zovuta ndi kutitengera katundu pamwamba pa maukonde.

UV Madzi Chithandizo

Njira imeneyi si ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa zovuta za dongosolo ambiri ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa. Ngati kuyeretsa madzi akumwa ndi aeration chitsulo kapena Mpweya umene imatengedwa njira mwachidule, walitsa ultraviolet monga chlorination, poyerekeza ndi ntchito monga fyuluta sekondale. Ngati madzimadzi ali mulingo woyenera ntchito, si nkhani yamasewera. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ndi khalidwe madzi abwino alandiridwa ntchito kuwala monga dongosolo chithandizo chachikulu. Zagwiridwa njira zoterozo limodzi ndi unsembe wa Zosefera makina. Mwachitsanzo, madzi kuyeretsedwa ku chitsulo KIA ndi mwachilungamo ogwira koma yokwera mtengo njira.

A mfundo zingapo zofunika

Apa ife tiri nanu ndipo anayankhula za zimene kuyeretsedwa madzi ku zodetsa za chitsulo ndipo kodi kuchita. Monga mukuonera, popanda sangathe kusamalira, makamaka ngati kasupe wa madzi akumwa amapangidwa. Kaya kopita, muyenera kuika Zosefera mawotchi kuti kuchotsa mankhwala insoluble. Koma ichi ndi sitepe yoyamba. Mwa njira, madzi kuyeretsedwa ku chitsulo KIA zikuphatikizapo dongosolo chidwi. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti pamaso mpope ndi ofunika fyuluta makina, ndiye - wabwino fyuluta, ndipo linanena bungwe - wina makina. Tsopano inu mumvetsa chifukwa pangafunike kutero. chakuti madzi kuchokera ku gwero nthawi zonse ali ndi mankhwala insoluble, ndi pamaso aeration kapena Mpweya umene chithandizo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Atawoloka kukonza inclusions ngati akuwonekanso, ndipo muyenera kulimira kachiwiri.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, si zovuta apa. Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kuchita - ndi pochitika madzi kusanthula mu SES. Malinga ndi zotsatira kukhazikitsa zina pa makina kuyeretsa. Ngati khalidwe zambiri zabwino ndithu, n'zotheka ntchito yokoka-otaya aeration kapena UV kuwala. Ngati madzi si zabwino, ndiye ntchito n'zosiyana osmosis kapena ozonation. Mulimonsemo, kupanga wokongola kwambiri chinthu chachikulu - kusankha njira yoyenera. Mwa njira, sindikuganiza kuti mafakitale zinyalala ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo - ndi chinthu kwambiri, ndipotu si choncho. madzi Popanda kuchitapo kanthu ndi zina zosafunika ntchito iliyonse.