Wandale ndi nzeru zapamwamba Tomás Masaryk: yonena, zimaonetsa zinthu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Tomás Masaryk ku Czech Republic ndi ngwazi weniweni. Iye anali mtsogoleri wa gululi, amene cholinga chake ndi kumenyera ufulu kwa Czechoslovakia. Kupanga boma, anakhala pulezidenti wake woyamba ndipo analamulira mapangidwe kuchokera mu 1918 mpaka 1935.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zonse munthu uyu lodziwika bwino anatha kuyamika makhalidwe ake apadera. Kuyambira nkhani, mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za lake, sukulu, mkazi, ntchito banja ammudzi ndi malingaliro andale. Czech Katswiri ndi nzeru zapamwamba kunasintha kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu, zomwe akutchedwa "bambo."

banja nzeru zapamwamba

Tomás Masaryk anabadwa pa 03.07.1850, mu Moravia (ndiye Austria Ufumu). banja lake a ntchito wamba. Dzina la Atate wake Yosefe (ankakhala 1823-1907). Ndi mtundu anali Slovakia ku Hungary. Dzina la amayi ake - Teresa (ankakhala 1813-1887). Mu dzina lake buthulo anaberekera dzina Kropachkova ndiponso unzika anali German mbadwa ya Moravia.

Josef Masaryk analibe malo ndipo ngakhale kwawo. Mu zaka wake wamng'ono anali aganyu amene anakagwira ntchito mu minda ikuluikulu ndipo atabadwa Tomás anakhala coachman. Banja ankakhala m'nyumba utumiki. Joseph sanapite ku sukulu, kotero kuwerenga movutikira. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anali munthu wonyada kwambiri ndi khalidwe amphamvu, iye sadali owopa kukangana ndi mabwana awo. Choncho, iye anali kusunga kusintha ntchito, amayenda umwini wina ndi mzake.

Thomas yekha anakumbukira zimene bambo ake sanathe, koma munthu wamba, kotero nyumba chachikulu chinali mayi. Mu unyamata wake, Teresa ankagwira ntchito yophika m'nyumba wolemera, mdzakazi, Vienna. Chifukwa mudzi wawo wakhala kwathunthu Chijeremani, iye analankhula ndipo analemba yekha mu German. Patapita nthawi yaitali, pamene ana ake anakhala kanjedza anthu, iye anayesera kuti ayankhule naye Slovak, koma kunapezeka iye anali chinthu choipa.

Banja analankhula German, koma bambo zambiri zapita ku Slovak, komanso Tomás pabwalo kusewera ndi anzawo.

nthawi yophunzira

Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi Tomás Masaryk ndinapita ku sukulu ku sukulu mudzi. Iye wasonyeza patsogolo mu sukulu, kotero mphunzitsi zikuzidwa makolo ake apite ku sekondale. Iwo ankachita zimenezi. The mnyamata maphunziro cha 1863 ndipo anabwerera kwawo. Apa anayamba kuthandiza mphunzitsi, kuphunzira nyimbo, kuwerenga. The Aphunzitsi Seminary anatenga zaka sikisitini yekha, ndi Tomás anali khumi okha, choncho mayi anaganiza kuti amutume kwa Vienna kuti kuphunzira ndi saizi ya Mulungu.

The nyumba ambuye mnyamata anathamanga kwina ndi kwina panyumba. Kamodzi mmodzi wa ophunzira anaba ndi anagulitsa mabuku ake. Zinali kachitsotso otsiriza, ndipo wamng'ono Masaryk anathawira kunyumba. Makolo anaganiza kumtumizako monga kuphunzira wosula. Kotero ine ndinadutsa chaka china.

Udindo wa Wansembe wa m'mudzimo mu moyo wa Tomás

Pa moyo wa munthu aliyense yayikulu mphindi kuti kudziwa njira yake m'tsogolo. Ine sindikufuna kupewa izi ndi Tomás Masaryk. Zosangalatsa za moyo wake chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula kwa wansembe wa m'mudzimo. Zinali Franz Satori nampatsa mnyamata kuwerenga mabuku ake anamuphunzitsa Latin ndipo anakopa makolo kwa iwo analola kuti Mwana wake liwunikidwenso. Wansembe anathandiza mnyamatayu mayeso, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kuti alembetse m'kalasi yachiwiri ya sukulu German. Choncho, mu m'badwo wa khumi anasamukira ku mzinda wa Brno.

Makolo sanalole mnyamata ndalama, anakakamizika kukhala mphunzitsi kenako namkungwi mwana wa mkulu wa apolisi. Kusekondale anaphunzira mnyamata ufulu ndi yapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa ophunzira ena sekondale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo mizu mfundo za chitsitsimutso cha mtundu Czech. Chifukwa kutsutsana ndi wotsogolera Tomasz Sichinatsitsidwe sukulu imeneyi.

Monga pa Masaryk panali dzina yachiwiri

Mkulu wa apolisi, amene mwana anaphunzitsa Masaryk, iye analimbikitsa ndipo anasamukira ku Vienna. Iye anathandiza mnyamata kupita Metropolitan zolimbitsa thupi. chibwenzi chake maphunziro mu 1872 pa zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri. Komanso, iye ankatha maphunziro a University of Vienna, kuphunzira pa nthawi yomweyo pa philological komanso cha nzeru za luso. Mu zaka zingapo adzakhala ndi pulofesa wothandizira ku yunivesite ya Vienna nzeru.

Pa sukulu maphunziro anakumana ndi mnyamata ndi American Charlotte Garrigue. Anali mwana wa New York ku banki. Atate anali ndi ubale wawo ndi anapereka chilolezo chake kuti ukwati pokhapokha Masaryk anakana malowolo. Achinyamata moyo modzichepetsa, ntchito Tomás revenues. Choncho panali dzina la Tomás Garrigue Masaryk. Iwo anatenga dzina la pakati ulemu kwa mkazi wake. Charlotte anam'berekera ana anayi ndipo phunzirani Czech.

Mkazi analephera osankhidwa ndalama, koma zonse anamuthandiza. Ngakhale kamodzi iye anakhala kwa miyezi ingapo mu ndende Austria ake zandale mwamuna wake. Ndi banja Charlotte akadali sanatisiye mwana wamkazi ndi kanthu. Pamene banjali Masaryk ankakhala United States, Thomas ntchito kwa mpongozi wake, analankhula mabwalo, amalonda ndi andale, kuphatikizapo mmodzi wa atsogoleri US WOODROW Wilson.

funso Czech

Chifukwa cha maganizo andale, Tomás Masaryk sakanatha kwa malo pulofesa mu Vienna. Kwa iye, chipulumutso pamene mu 1882 utsogoleli lachifumu adzatsegula mu University of Czech Republic. Anasamukira ku Czech Republic ndi kuchita zinthu maphunziro, kuphatikizapo amvekere "Ateneum" magazini.

Ku Czech Republic pa nthawi imeneyo, panalibe waukulu magulu awiri - Young Czechs ndi starochehi. Oimira mabungwe onse ayamba lankhanza phwando zochitika ndi maganizo a nzeru zapamwamba wa. nthawi yaitali sanafune kuvomereza, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, Tomás anatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwa mfundo yake maganizo ndi lakwaniritsa mphamvu yotere m'dziko limene onsewo mukufuna kuwonjezera dzina lake mndandanda awo. Mu njira iyi, ankayembekezera kusonkhanitsa mavoti ochuluka pa chisankho ku Imperial yamalamulo.

Masaryk komanso nafuna anthu za kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma Czech ndi chinenero chake komanso chikhalidwe. Komabe, sanali ndi chikhalidwe German, kukhulupirira kuti patsogolo chikhalidwe chosiyana chimapangitsa Czechs kwambiri kufika ndi Mipikisano faceted mtundu.

Popeza 1891, ndondomeko nthawi zambiri ŵakasankha yamalamulo (a Czech ndi ufumu). Asogolera Realist Party, ndi Party ndiye Czech anthu.

kutsutsidwa

Pa chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, ndale amamangidwa ndi chilango cha imfa, akumunena woukira boma. Ku Czech Republic unatha nthawi ya ntchito zake. Tomash Masarik anakakamizika kusiya nyumba zawo.

Iye anali ndi malamulo Austria pa nkhondo. Masaryk anawona ndipo anamvetsa nkobvuta ndi Czechs nkhondo Asilavo. N'chifukwa chake analenga odana Austria mobisa.

Pankhaniyi, Tomás Garik Masaryk osokoneza maganizo kwa Russia. Iye sanaone kuti angakuthandizeni izi mu chilengedwe cha boma Czech, ngakhale anakhala kumeneko, ankachitira ndi limakhulupirira Gorky, Leo Tolstoy.

Wandale ogwirizana anaona UK, France, USA. Ndi mphamvu zimenezi anazindikira chilengedwe cha Czechoslovak Bungwe la National, lotsogoledwa ndi Masaryk.

Mu 1917, iye ankakhala mu Kiev, kumene anakakhala Council wake. Ndondomeko zambiri anapita ku Moscow ndi Petrograd, iye anali mwayi wolalikira mmene Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira mizinda itatu zonse zatchulidwa.

Monga mutu wa boma

Tomás Masaryk ndi Czechoslovakia mapangidwe yogwirizana. Ngakhale pa moyo wake, dzina lake anakhala atachuluka mwambo mwa umunthu - ankawaona mtsogoleri wauzimu wa ufulu Czechoslovakia.

Wandale anali admirer wa Anglo-American chikhalidwe. Iye ankafuna kuti kulenga ufulu Mipikisano chipani demokalase. utsogoleri Masaryk unali wa khalidwe a anthu. Iye analola oyamba ndondomeko ya boma ya ing'onoing'ono dziko.

ndondomeko State zinachititsa kuti zaka 04.01.1934 mpaka anagundidwa ndi sitiroko a. Chaka chotsatira, pa usinkhu wa zaka eyite-faifi akale, iye anapereka ulamuliro kwa wophunzira ake ntawiri wa E. Benes. 14.09.1937 chaka inatha yonena wake: Tomás Masaryk anamwalira ndipo patatha chaka unatha boma analenga.

ndale kukumbukira

Monga tanenera kale, pa moyo wa Tomás Masaryk anali dzina lakuti - icho chinali kutchedwa "Atate." M'chikumbumtima wake, ndalama anali chikalata, dzina lake misewu ambiri Hodonin pali owonetsera zakale wodzipereka kwa munthu wamkulu uyu, ndi Israel, mzinda ndi malo Tel Aviv ndi dzina lake.

Mu masiku ano Republic Czech ngakhale ali Order, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pokumbukira kanjedza wamkulu boma ndi ndale ya boma.